青岛大学642基础英语考研真题及辅导用书

考研真题

1. 青岛大学外语学院《642基础英语（1）》历年考研真题汇总

2. 全国名校基础英语考研真题

考研指导书

1. 张汉熙《高级英语（1）》（第3版重排版）学习指南【词汇短语＋课文精解＋全文翻译＋练习答案】

2. 张汉熙《高级英语（2）》（第3版重排版）学习指南【词汇短语＋课文精解＋全文翻译＋练习答案】

3. 杨立民《现代大学英语精读（1）》（第2版）学习指南【词汇短语＋课文精解＋全文翻译＋练习答案】

4. 杨立民《现代大学英语精读（2）》（第2版）学习指南【词汇短语＋课文精解＋全文翻译＋练习答案】

5. 杨立民《现代大学英语精读（3）》（第2版）学习指南【词汇短语＋课文精解＋全文翻译＋练习答案】

6. 杨立民《现代大学英语精读（4）》（第2版）学习指南【词汇短语＋课文精解＋全文翻译＋练习答案】

青岛大学外语学院《642基础英语（1）》历年考研真题汇总

书籍目录

部分内容

2017年青岛大学外语学院642基础英语（1）考研真题

Part One Vocabulary and Structure (20 points)

Choose the word or the set of words that, when inserted in
the sentence, best fits the meaning of the sentence as a whole.

1．House repairs, holidays, school
fees and other _____ have reduced his bank balance to almost nothing.

A. amount

B. payment

C. expenses

D. figures

2．The additional work will take _____ weeks.

A. the other

B. another two

C. other two

D. the more

3．The boys in the dorm _____ a coin to decide who would
clean the floor.

A. held

B. tossed

C. put

D. collected

4．The patterns of spoken language are _____ from those of
writing.

A. distinct

B. distinctive

C. Distinguished

D. distinguishing

5．The product contains no _____ colors, flavors, or
preservatives.

A. fake

B. artificial

C. false

D. wrong

6．The police department came under
strong criticism for both the death of an unarmed man and its handling of the
_____.

A. consequence

B. outcome

C. result

D. aftermath

7．It is said that Da Vinci is a
versatile man who was good at many things. The underlined word means: _____.

A. changeable

B. competent

C. adaptable

D. omnipotent

8．Forecasting methods and techniques are equally _____ to
all sectors of the economy.

A. appreciable

B. applicable

C. attributive

D. Attractable

9．When Columbus embarked _____ his
historical voyage, he never imagined that the world history would enter into a
new era.

A. upon

B. In

C. at

D. to

10．Years of civil war have wrecked the country’s
infrastructure and destroyed its social _____.

A. tissue

B. organ

C. fabric

D. construction

11．Israel and Hamas had reached a
deal on extending the _____ ceasefire by an extra 24 hours until Tuesday at
midnight.

A. contemporary

B. makeshift

C. spontaneous

D. temporary

12．American culture now
stigmatizes, and sometimes even heavily _____ behavior that was once taken for
granted: overt racism, cigarette smoking, the use of sexual stereotypes.

A. penalizes

B. advocates

C. ignores

D. advertises

13．Psychologists have done extensive studies on how well
patients _____ with doctors’ orders.

A. comply

B. correspond

C. interfere

D. interact

14．It is not so much the language
_____ the cultural background that makes the book difficult to understand.

A. but

B. nor

C. as

D. like

15．By putting the entire Woolf
archive on a microfilm, the project directors hope to make the contents of
manuscripts more _____ to scholars.

A. objective

B. accessible

C. appealing

D. implicit

16．Advances in health care have
lengthened life spans, lowered infant mortality rates, and thus _____ the
overpopulation problem.

A. eliminated

B. aggravated

C. minimized

D. distorted

17．The police managed to _____ the angry crowd.

A. provoke

B. stimulate

C. subdue

D. relax

18．Monica says she’s looking
forward to expanding her public and private client base through her _____ with
Noctor.

A. companion

B. company

C. friend

D. alliance

19．One of the largest companies in the world will be _____ a new product in
Zambia tomorrow.

A. issuing

B. showing

C. demonstrating

D. launching

20．As a heritage trail, the park
includes a network of major cultural _____, principal monuments, historic sites and open
spaces.

A. landmarks

B. houses

C. cabins

D. places

Part Two Proof Reading And Error Correction (10 Points)

The following passage contains TEN errors. Each line
contains a maximum of ONE error. In each case, only ONE word is involved. You should
proofread the passage and correct it in the following way.

For a wrong word, underline the wrong word and
write the correct one in the blank provided at the end of the line.

For a missing word, mark the position of the
missing word with a “∧” sign and write the word you believe to be
missing in the blank provided at the end of the line.

For an unnecessary word cross out the
unnecessary word with a slash “/”and put the word in the blank provided at the
end of the line.

Part Three  Reading
Comprehension (40 Points)

Read the passages and then write your answers on your answer
sheet.

Passage 1

It is evident that there is a close connection
between the capacity to use language and the capacities covered by the verb “to
think”. Indeed, some writers have identified thinking with using words: Plato
coined the saying “In thinking the soul is talking to itself”; J.B Watson
reduced thinking to inhibited speech located in the minute movements or
tensions of the physiological mechanism involved in speaking; and although Ryle
is careful to point out that there are many senses in which a person is said to
think in which words are not in evidence, he has also said that saying
something in a specific frame of mind is thinking a thought.

Is thinking reducible to, or dependent upon,
language habits? It would seem that many thinking situations are hardly
distinguishable from the skillful use of language, although there are some
others in which language is not involved, Thought cannot be simply identified
with using language. It may be the case, of course, that the non-linguistic
skills involved in thought can only be acquired and developed if the learner is
able to use and understand language. However, this question is one which we
cannot hope to answer in this book. Obviously being able to use language makes
for a considerable development in all one’s capacities but how precisely this
comes about we cannot say.

At the common-sense level it appears that there
is often a distinction between thought and the words we employ to communicate
with other people. We often have to struggle hard to find words to capture what
our thinking has already grasped, and when we do find words we sometimes feel
that they fail to do their job properly. Again when we report or describe our
thinking to other people we do not merely report unspoken words and sentences.
Such sentences do not always occur in thinking, and when they do they are
merged with vague imagery and the hint of unconscious or subliminal (下意识的) activities going on just out of rage. Thinking, as it
happens, is more like struggling, striving, or searching for something than it
is like talking or reading.

Again the study of speech disorders due to brain
injury disease suggests that patients can think without having adequate control
over their language. Some patients, for example, fail to find the names of
object presented to them and are unable to describe simple events which they
witness; they even find it difficult to interpret long written notices. But
they succeed in playing games of chess or draughts. They can use the concepts
needed for chess playing or draught playing but are unable to use many of the
concepts in ordinary language. How they manage to do this we do not know.
Presumably human beings have various capacities for thinking situations which
are likewise independent of language.

1．According to the theory of “thought” devised by J.B
Watson, thinking is _____.

A. talking to the soul

B. suppressed speech

C. speaking non-verbally

D. a non-linguistic behavior

2．What does the author think about the relationship
between language and thinking?

A. The ability to use language enhances one’s
capacity of thinking.

B. Words and thinking match more often than not.

C. Thinking never goes without language.

D. Language and thinking are generally
distinguishable.

3．According to the author, when we intend to describe our
thoughts, we _____.

A. merely report internal speech

B. have to search for proper words in the way we
read

C. are overwhelmed with vague imagery

D. sometimes are not able to find appropriate
words

4．Why are patients with speech
disorders able to think without having adequate control of language?

A. They use different concepts.

B. They do not think linguistically.

C. It still remains an unsolved mystery.

D. Thinking is independent of language.

5．This passage is an excerpt from _____.

A. a scholarly book

B. a text book

C. a book report

D. an encyclopedia

Passage 2

Why do so many Americans distrust what they read
in their newspapers? The American Society of Newspaper Editors is trying to
answer this painful question. The organization is deep into a long
self-analysis known as the journalism credibility project.

Sad to say, this project has turned out to be
mostly low-level findings about factual errors and spelling and grammar
mistakes, combined with lots of head-scratching puzzlement about what in the
world those readers really want.

But the sources of distrust go way deeper. Most
journalists learn to see the world through a set of standard templates
(patterns) into which they plug each day’s events. In other words, there is a
conventional story line in the newsroom culture that provides a backbone and a
ready-made narrative structure for otherwise confusing news.

There exists a social and cultural disconnect
between journalists and their readers, which helps explain why the “standard
templates” of the newsroom seem alien to many readers. In a recent survey,
questionnaires were sent to reporters in five middle-size cities around the
country, plus one large metropolitan area. Then residents in these communities
were phoned at random and asked the same questions.

Replies show that compared with other Americans,
journalists are more likely to live in upscale neighborhoods, have maids, own
Mercedes, and trade stocks, and they are less likely to go to church, do
volunteer work, or put down roots in community.

Reporters tend to be part of a broadly defined
social and cultural elite, so their work tends to reflect the conventional
values of this elite. The astonishing distrust of the news media isn’t rooted
in inaccuracy or poor reportorial skills but in the daily clash of world views
between reporters and their readers.

This is an explosive situation for any industry,
particularly a declining one. Here is a troubled business that keeps hiring
employees whose attitudes vastly annoy the customers. Then it sponsors lots of
symposium and a credibility project dedicated to wondering why customers are
annoyed and fleeing in large numbers. But it never seems to get around to
noticing the cultural and class biases that so many former buyers are
complaining about. If it did, it would open up its diversity program, now
focused narrowly on race and gender, and look for reporters who differ broadly
by outlook, values, education, and class.

6．What is the passage about?

A. Needs of the readers all over the world.

B. Causes of the public disappointment about
newspapers.

C. Origins of the declining newspaper industry.

D. Aims of a journalism credibility project.

7．The result of the journalism credibility project turned
out to be _____.

A. quite trustworthy

B. somewhat contradictory

C. very illuminating

D. Rather superficial

8．The basic problem of journalists as pointed out by the
writer lies in their _____.

A. working attitude

B. conventional lifestyle

C. world outlook

D. Educational background

9．Despite its efforts, the newspaper industry still cannot
satisfy the readers owing to its _____.

A. failure to realize its real problem

B. tendency to hire annoying reporters

C. likeliness to do inaccurate reporting

D. prejudice in matters of race and gender

10．According to the text, which
kind of journalists world be most beneficial to the development of newspapers
nowadays?

A. Those from different races and gender.

B. Those with high reportorial skills.

C. Those deep rooted in the public.

D. Those with diverse world-views.

Passage 3

Read the following passage and answer the four questions.

This passage is adapted from Ethan Frome,
a novel published in 1911 by the American Pulitzer-prize winning author Edith
Wharton. Mattie Silver is Ethan’s household employee.

Mattie Silver had lived under Ethan’s roof for a
year, and from early morning till they met at supper he had frequent chances of
seeing her; but no moments in her company were comparable to those when, her
arm in his, and her light step flying to keep time with his long stride, they
walked back through the night to the farm. He had taken to the girl from the
first day, when he had driven over to the Flats to meet her, and she had smiled
and waved to him from the train, crying out, “You must be Ethan!” as she jumped
down with her bundles, while he reflected, looking over her slight person: “She
don’t look much on housework, but she ain’t a fretter, anyhow.” But it was not
only that the coming to his house of a bit of hopeful young life was like the
lighting of a fire on a cold hearth. The girl was more than the bright serviceable
creature he had thought her. She had an eye to see and an ear to hear: he could
show her things and tell her things, and taste the bliss of feeling that all he
imparted left long reverberations and echoes he could wake at will.

It was during their night walks back to the farm
that he felt most intensely the sweetness of this communion. He had always been
more sensitive than the people about him to the appeal of natural beauty. His
unfinished studies had given form to this sensibility and even in his
unhappiest moments field and sky spoke to him with a deep and powerful
persuasion. But hitherto the emotion had remained in him as a silent ache,
veiling with sadness the beauty that evoked it. He did not even know whether
anyone else in the world felt as he did, or whether he was the sole victim of
this mournful privilege. Then he learned that one other spirit had trembled
with the same touch of wonder: that at his side, living under his roof and
eating his bread, was a creature to whom he could say: “That’s Orion down
yonder; the big fellow to the right is Aldebaran, and the bunch of little ones–like bees swarming–they’re the Pleiades…”
or whom he could hold entranced before a ledge of granite thrusting up through
the fern while he unrolled the huge panorama of the ice age, and the long dim
stretches of succeeding time. The fact that admiration for his learning mingled
with Mattie’s wonder at what he taught was not the least part of his pleasure.
And there were other sensations, less definable but more exquisite, which drew
them together with a shock of silent joy: the cold red of sunset behind winter
hills, the flight of cloud-flocks over slopes of golden stubble, or the
intensely blue shadows of hemlocks on sunlit snow. When she said to him once:
“It looks just as if it was painted!” it seemed to Ethan that the art of
definition could go no farther, and that words had at last been found to utter
his secret soul…

As he stood in the darkness outside the church
these memories came back with the poignancy of vanished things. Watching Mattie
whirl down the floor from hand to hand he wondered how he could ever have
thought that his dull talk interested her. To him, who was never gay but in her
presence, her gaiety seemed plain proof of indifference. The face she lifted to
her dancers was the same which, when she saw him, always looked like a window
that has caught the sunset. He even noticed two or three gestures which, in his
fatuity, he had thought she kept for him: a way of throwing her head back when
she was amused, as if to taste her laugh before she let it out, and a trick of
sinking her lids slowly when anything charmed or moved her.

1．Describe how the main focus of the narrative shifts over
the course of the passage.

2．Analyze the characters of Ethan and Mattie using the
evidence from the passage.

3．Why does the author include the
descriptions of the sunset, the clouds, and the hemlock shadows in the passage?

4．Based on the
passage, how do you think Ethan and Mattie’s relationship will evolve and why?

Part Four Translation From English Into Chinese (40
Points)

To the untutored ear, the Beijing dialect can
sound like someone talking with a mouthful of marbles, inspiring numerous
parodies and viral videos. Its colorful vocabulary and distinctive
pronunciation have inspired traditional performance arts such as cross-talk, a
form of comic dialogue, and “kuaibanr,” storytelling accompanied by bamboo
clappers.

But the Beijing dialect is disappearing, a
victim of language standardization in schools and offices, urban redevelopment
and migration. In 2013, officials and academics in the Chinese capital began a
project to record the dialect’s remaining speakers before it fades away
completely. The material is to be released to the public as an online museum
and interactive database by year’s end.

The Communist government’s introduction of an
official Romanization system in the 1950s reinforced standardized pronunciation
for Chinese characters. These measures enhanced communication among Chinese
from different regions, but they also diminished the relevance of dialects. A
2010 study by Beijing Union University found that 49 percent of local Beijing residents
born after 1980 would rather speak Mandarin than the Beijing dialect, while 85
percent of migrants to Beijing preferred that their children learn Mandarin.

The remaking of the city has also played a
role in diluting the language. Into the mid-20th century, much of Beijing’s
population lived clustered in the hutongs, or alleyways, that crisscrossed the
neighborhoods surrounding the Forbidden City. Today, only a small fraction of
an estimated 3,700 hutongs remain, their residents often scattered to apartment
complexes on the city’s outskirts. And the city has become a magnet for
migrants from other parts of China. According to China’s last national census,
an average of about 450,000 people moved to Beijing each year between 2000 and
2010, making about one-third of Beijing’s residents nonlocals.

Part Five Writing (40 Points)

Some people think that machine translation is
highly developed in today’s society. Therefore it is not necessary to learn a
foreign language. What’s your opinion? Discuss and give your opinion.

Write an essay of about 400 words, Use
specific reasons/examples to support your position on the statement above. In
the first part of your writing you should present your thesis statement, and in
the second part you should support the thesis statement with appropriate
details. In the last part you should bring what you have written to a natural
conclusion or make a summary.

You should supply an appropriate title for your
essay.

Marks will be awarded for content, organization,
grammar, diction and appropriateness. Failure to follow the above instructions
may result in a loss of marks.

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