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1. 燕山大学外国语学院《357英语翻译基础》[专业硕士]历年考研真题
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燕山大学外国语学院《357英语翻译基础》[专业硕士]历年考研真题AI讲解
书籍目录
2011年燕山大学外国语学院357英语翻译基础考研真题及详解
2012年燕山大学外国语学院357英语翻译基础考研真题及详解
2013年燕山大学外国语学院357英语翻译基础考研真题及详解
2014年燕山大学外国语学院357英语翻译基础考研真题及详解
2015年燕山大学外国语学院357英语翻译基础考研真题及详解
2016年燕山大学外国语学院357英语翻译基础考研真题及详解
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2011年燕山大学外国语学院357英语翻译基础考研真题及详解
I. Directions: Translate the following words, abbreviations or terminology into
their target language respectively. There are altogether 30 items in this part
of the test, 15 in English and 15 in Chinese, with one point for each. (30
points)
1 UNFAO
【答案】联合国粮食及农业组织（United Nations Food
and Agriculture Organization）
2 UPI
【答案】合众国际社（United Press International）
3 IOC
【答案】国际奥林匹克委员会（International Olympic
Committee）
4 CIA
【答案】中央情报局（Central Intelligence
Agency）
5 UNGA
【答案】联合国大会（the United Nations General
Assembly）
6 GDP
【答案】国内生产总值（Gross Domestic Product）
7 WHO
【答案】世界卫生组织（World Health Organization）
8 Federal Reserve System
【答案】联邦储备系统
9 aging society
【答案】老龄化社会
10 trade deficit
【答案】贸易逆差；贸易赤字
11 junk bond
【答案】垃圾债券；价格低但风险大的债券
12 the United States Secretary of Labor
【答案】美国劳工部长
13 the Engel’s Coefficient
【答案】恩格尔系数
14 Boxing Day
【答案】节礼日；圣诞节后的第一个工作日
15 La Nina phenomenon
【答案】拉尼娜现象
16 公务员
【答案】civil servant
17 恶性循环
【答案】vicious circle
18 安定团结
【答案】stability and unity
19 综合国力
【答案】Comprehensive National Power
20 流行文化
【答案】popular culture
21 旅游黄金周
【答案】golden week for tourism
22 天道酬勤
【答案】God help those who help themselves.
23 经济全球化
【答案】economic globalization
24 资源配置
【答案】allocation of resources
25 《中庸》
【答案】The Doctrine of Mean
26 扬长避短
【答案】to enhance advantage and avoid disadvantage
27 外向型经济
【答案】export-oriented economy
28 科学发展观
【答案】scientific development concept
29 和为贵
【答案】Harmony is to be prized.
30 留得靑山在，不怕没柴烧。
【答案】Where there is life, there is hope.
II. Directions: Translate the following two
source texts into their target language respectively. If the source text is in
English, its target language is Chinese. If the source text is in Chinese, its
target language is English (120 points).
1 The Earth is
full! Four billion people have crammed into every desirable and fruitful area
and have spilled over into all the barren and inhospitable areas. Under the
pressure of the fullness, the wilderness is disappearing, competing plants and
animals are dying out; the weather is changing and the soil is failing. And yet
there is perhaps an even more fundamental danger to humanity in the Earth’s
fullness than is represented by any sort of physical deterioration. Humanity
began as a thin cluster of primitive hominids in East Africa about four million
years ago. About two million years ago, the first hominids appeared who were
sufficiently close in structure to the human being to be placed into genus
Homo. It was not until 150,000 years ago that the hominids brain developed to a
size sufficient to produce the first organisms we can classify as Homo sapiens,
and it was only 50,000 years ago that “modem man,” Homo sapiens, made his
appearance on the Earth.
His increase in
range was slow indeed. It was not till 30,000 years ago that human beings began
to enter Australia and the American continents, and even as late as 300 years
ago, those continents were but thinly occupied.
Then came the
Industrial Revolution and the Earth filled with what was, on the evolutionary
scale, an explosion. In a couple of centuries, the world population quintupled
from 0.8 billion to 4.2 billion, and now Earth bears all the human load it can
manage and, in many places, somewhat more than it can manage.
Consider, then,
that we and our hominid ancestors evolved on an essentially empty Earth. There
was always the possibility, during times of stress, that one might pick up as
much of one’s belongings as one could carry and travel to the other side of the
hill，where
conditions might be better, where a new life might be built and where a new
chance might be taken. (322 words)
【Key words】
hominid类人动物，原始人
genus Homo 人属；人类
Homo Sapiens智人（现代人的学名）
【参考译文】
地球已人满为患！40亿人充塞着每一个适于居住的，富饶的地区，甚至那些不宜生活的不毛之地，也到处都有人类的足迹。在人口日益膨胀的压力下，旷野正在消失；在与人类的生存竞争中，许多植物和动物正在灭绝；气候正在发生变化，土壤日趋贫瘠。但对人类来说，与自然环境的恶化相比，人满为患也许是一个更为严重的危险。约400万年以前，人类起源于东非；那时仅仅是一群为数不多的原始人。约200万年前，最早的原始人在人体结构上进化到接近现在归入“人类”的这一物种。直到15万年之前，原始人的大脑增大，才进化到足以产生第一批可归入“智人”的有机生物，而直到5万年之间，“现代人”，即智人，才真正在地球上出现。
人类所占范围的增加确实很慢。直到3万年前，人类才开始进入澳大利亚和美洲大陆，甚至在三百年前，这些大陆上的人口也很稀疏。随着工业革命的到来，地球上的人口数量爆炸性地增加。几个世纪以来，世界人口从8亿增加到42亿，现在地球人口承载数量已经饱和，在许多地方，甚至远远超过了它的负荷。
那么你想一下：我们和我们的原始人祖先在一个实质上空旷的地球上进化而来。在有压力的时候，人们总是有可能会尽可能多地打包自己的行李然后旅行到山的另一边，那里条件可能更好，有可能能够开始新的生活也有可能会有新的机会。
2 也许是我的精、气、神都不足吧，不但自己写不出长的东西，我读一本刊物时，也总是先挑短的看，不论是小说、散文或是其他的文学形式，最后才看长的。
我总觉得，凡是为了非倾吐不可而写的作品，都是充满了真情实感的。反之，只是为写作而写作，如上之为应付编辑朋友，下之为多拿稿费，这类文章都是尽量地往长里写，结果是即便有一点点感情，也被冲洗到水分太多、淡而无味的地步。
当由一个人物，一桩事迹，一幅画面而发生的真情实感，向你袭来的时候，它就像一根扎到你心尖上的长针，一阵卷到你面前的怒潮，你只能用最真切、最简练的文字，才能描绘出你心尖上的那一阵剧痛和你面前的一霎惊惶。（245字）
【参考译文】
Perhaps due to
my failing energies, not only have I refrained from writing anything long, but
also, in reading a magazine, for example, I usually finish its shorter pieces
of writing first, be they fiction, prose or any other forms of literature,
before going on to the longer ones.
I always believe
that anything written with an irresistible inner urge to disclose oneself must
be full of genuine feelings. On the contrary, if one writes simply for the sake
of writing-say, to humor one’s editor friends, or worse still, to earn more
remuneration, one will most probably make his writings unnecessarily long until
they become, despite what little feeling they may contain, inflated and
wishy-washy.
When true emotions
aroused by a person, an event or a scene come upon you like a pin pricking your
heart or an angry tide surging threateningly before you, all you can do is use
the most vivid and succinct language to describe the severe pain in your heart
or the momentary feeling of panic caused by the angry tide.
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