清华大学857综合考试考研真题及辅导用书

考研真题

1. 全国名校英语语言学考研真题详解

2. 全国名校英美文学考研真题详解

考研指导书

1. 陶洁《美国文学选读》（第3版）笔记和课后习题（含考研真题）详解

2. 陶洁《美国文学选读》（第3版）配套题库【考研真题精选＋章节题库】

3. 罗经国《新编英国文学选读》（第4版）笔记和考研真题详解

4. 罗经国《新编英国文学选读》（第4版）配套题库【考研真题精选＋章节题库】

5. 张奎武《英美概况》（第4版）配套题库（含考研真题）

6. 胡壮麟《语言学教程》（第5版）笔记和考研真题详解

7. 胡壮麟《语言学教程》（第5版）配套题库【考研真题精选＋章节题库】

陶洁《美国文学选读》（第3版）笔记和课后习题（含考研真题）详解

书籍目录

部分内容

第1单元　本杰明·富兰克林

1.1　复习笔记

Ⅰ. Introduction to

author（作者简介）

Benjamin

Franklin (1706—1790) was a rare genius in human history. He became everything:

a printer, postmaster, almanac maker, essayist, scientist, inventor, orator,

statesman, philosopher, political economist, ambassador, —“Jack of all trades.”

本杰明·富兰克林(1706—1790)是人类历史上少有的天才。他是出版家、邮政总长、历书作者、散文家、科学家、发明家、演说家、政治家、哲学家、政治经济学家、大使等等。

1 Life（生平）

He was born into

a poor family. He was a voracious reader. At 16 he published essays under the

pseudonym Silence Dogood. At 17 he ran away to Philadelphia to make his own

fortune. He became a printer. He helped found the Pennsylvania Hospital, an

academy which led to the University of Pennsylvania, and the American

Philosophical Society. He was a preeminent scientist of his day. He signed the

Declaration of Independence. He was one of the makers of the new nation.

富兰克林出生于一个贫穷的家庭。他非常勤奋好学。16岁时开始以笔名“静行善”发表评论文章。17岁时只身逃往费城谋生。后成为出版商。他帮助建立了宾夕法尼亚大学的前身——宾夕法尼亚医学院和北美哲学学会。他也是当时著名的科学家。他签署过《独立宣言》。他是美国的缔造者之一。

2 Major works（主要作品）

Poor Richard’s

Almanac(1732) 《穷理查历书》（或译《格言历书》）

The

Autobiography(1771—1790) 《自传》

Ⅱ. Selected works（选读作品）

◆The Autobiography《自传》

1 Main content（主要内容）

It depicted the

background of Benjamin Franklin, including his studying in his young age and

his experiences of work. And his achievement in politics, science and economy

were also mentioned in this book.

There are four

parts in this book. The first part is the experiences of his first 25 years of

his life. The second part, written in Paris, is the accomplishments on science

and the cause of public affairs. The third and fourth part, written in

Philadelphia, is the record of his life from 25 to 51-year-old.

这本书主要记叙了本杰明的成长经历，包括年少时的读书及工作经历。书中也讲述了他在政治、科学及经济领域取得的成就。

本书共有四部分。第一部分讲述了他一生前25年的经历。第二部分写于巴黎，侧重描写在科学上的成就及他所从事的公共事业。第三、四两部分写于费城，先后记叙了他从25岁至51岁的生活。

2 Comments（赏析）

(1) The

Autobiography was probably the first of its kind in literature. It is the

simple yet immensely fascinating record of a man rising to wealth and fame from

a state of poverty and obscurity into which he was born, the faithful account

of the colorful career of America’s first self-made man. He represented in

America all its ideas, that man is basically good and free by nature, endowed

by God with certain inalienable rights of liberty and the pursuit of happiness.

Through telling a success story of self-reliance, the book celebrates the

fulfillment of the American dream.

(2) The

Autobiography is also an eloquent elucidation of the fact that Franklin was

spokesman for the new order of eighteenth-century enlightenment. It is also a

Puritan document. It is a record of self-examination and self-improvement. The

book is also a convincing illustration of the Puritan ethic that, in order to

get on in the world, one has to be industrial, frugal and prudent.

(3) The style of

The Autobiography reveals that it is the pattern of Puritan simplicity,

directness and concision.

（1）《自传》是自传体文学中的上乘佳作。它简明而极其引人入胜地叙述了富兰克林由穷苦卑微而跃至富有、闻名的故事。它忠实地记录了美国第一位自力更生者光辉灿烂的职业生涯。他代表着在美国，人的本质是善良自由的，拥有上帝赋予的不可剥夺的自由及追求幸福的权利。该书通过讲述自力更生而获取成功的故事，歌颂了美国梦的实现。

（2）《自传》充分说明了富兰克林是18世纪美国启蒙运动的代言人。这也是一本清教文献。它记录了清教徒的自我反省和自我完善。它也是清教道德原则的最好说明，为了取得成功，人必须勤劳、简朴、谨慎。

（3）《自传》的文体体现出清教徒朴素、直爽、简洁的风格。

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