河南师范大学831外语写作与翻译考研真题及辅导用书

考研真题

1. 河南师范大学《831英语写作与翻译》历年考研真题

2. 全国名校英语翻译与写作考研真题汇总

考研指导书

1. 丁往道《英语写作手册（中文版）》（第2版）笔记和考研真题

2. 陈宏薇《新编汉英翻译教程》（第2版）配套题库（含考研真题）

3. 冯庆华《汉英翻译基础教程》配套题库（含考研真题）

河南师范大学《831英语写作与翻译》历年考研真题AI讲解

书籍目录

部分内容

2009年河南师范大学821英语写作与翻译考研真题及详解

Ⅰ. Match the following
numbers with the corresponding letters according to the contents and write your
answer on the Answer sheet （5 points）

1 Peter Newmark

2 Lawrence Venuti

3 Yan Fu

4 Eugene Nida

5 Fu Lei

A） faithfulness, expressiveness, and elegance

B） resemblance in spirit

C） semantic translation and communicative translation

D） domestication and foreignization

E） functional equivalence

【参考答案】

1C  语义翻译和交际翻译（semantic translation and communicative translation）是英国翻译家纽马克（Newmark）翻译理论的两种基本策略。语义翻译法具有绝对意义，交际翻译法具有相对意义。交际翻译法集归化、意译和地道翻译的优势。

2D  美国学者L. Venuti（文努迪）于1995年提出翻译的归化与异化（domestication and foreignization），指出翻译有两种情况，一种是让读者靠近作者即异化，另一种是让作者靠近读者即归化。

3A  “信达雅”（faithfulness, expressiveness, and elegance）是由我国清末新兴启蒙思想家严复提出的，他在《天演论》中的“译例言”讲到：“译事三难：信、达、雅。求其信已大难矣，顾信矣不达，虽译犹不译也，则达尚焉”。

4E  功能对等理论（functional equivalence）是由美国语言学家尤金·A·奈达（Eugene
Nida）提出，他认为最大的功能对等是指译文文本的读者应该基本上能以原文读者理解和欣赏原文的方式来理解和欣赏译文文本。

5B  傅雷先生提出了神似（resemblance in spirit）的思想。“以效果而论,翻译应当像临画一样，所求的不在形似而在神似。”（spiritual conformity/resemblance in spirit ）。

Ⅱ. Translate the
following into Chinese （40 points）

What is it that
we mean by literature? Popularly, and amongst the thoughtless, it is held to include
everything that is printed in a book. Little logic is required to disturb that
definition. The most thoughtless person is easily made aware that in the idea
of literature one essential clement is some relation to a general and common
interest of man—so that what applies only to a local, or professional, or
merely personal interest, even though presenting itself in the shape of a book,
will not belong to Literature. So far the definition is easily narrowed; and it
is as easily expanded. For not only is much that takes a station in books not
literature; but inversely, much that really is literature never reaches a
station in books. The weekly sermons of Christendom, that vast pulpit
literature which acts so extensively upon the popular mind—to warn, to uphold,
to renew, to comfort, to alarm—does not attain the sanctuary of libraries in
the ten-thousandth part of its extent. The Drama again—as, for instance, the
finest of Shakespeare’s plays in England, and all leading Athenian plays in the
noontide of the Attic stage—operated as a literature on the public mind, and
were （according to
the strictest letter of that term） published through the audiences that witnessed their representation
some time before they were published as things to be read; and they were
published in this scenic mode of publication with much more effect than they
could have had as books during ages of costly copying or of costly printing

【参考译文】

我们所说的“文学”是什么呢？人们，尤其是对此欠考虑者，普遍会认为：文学包括印在书本中的一切。可这种定义无需多少理由便可被推翻。最缺乏思考的人也很容易明白，“文学”这一概念中有个基本要素，即文学或多或少都与人类普遍而共同的兴趣有关；因此，那些仅适用于某一局部、某一行业或仅仅处于个人兴趣的作品，即便以书的形式面世，也不该属于“文学”。就此而论，文学之定义很容易变窄，而它同样也不难拓宽。因为不仅有许多跻身于书卷之列的文字并非文学作品，而且与之相反，不少真正的文学著作却未曾付梓成书。譬如基督教世界每星期的布道，这种篇什浩繁且对民众精神影响极广的讲坛文学，这种对世人起告戒、鼓励、振奋、安抚或警示作用的布道文学，最终能进入经楼书馆的尚不及其万分之一。此外还有戏剧，如英国莎士比亚最优秀的剧作，以及雅典戏剧艺术鼎盛时期的全部主流剧作，都曾作为文学作品对公众产生过影响。这些作品在作为读物出版之前，已通过观看其演出的观众而“出版”了（这正是“出版”一词最严格的意义）。在抄写或印刷都非常昂贵的年代，通过舞台形式“出版”这些剧作远比将它们出版成书效果更佳。

Ⅲ. Translate the
underlined into English. （45 points）

我同书箱，即将分离。我虽非英雄，颇有垓下之感，却无可奈何。

这些书，都是在全国解放以后，来到我家的。最初零零碎碎，中间成套成批。有的来自京沪，有的来自苏杭。最初，囊中潜涩，也曾交臂相失。中间也曾一掷否金，稍有豪气，总之，时历三十余年，我同它们，可称故旧。

十年浩劫，我自顾不暇，无心也无力顾及它们。但它们辗转多处，经受折磨、潮湿、践踏、撞破，终于还是回来了，失去了一些，我有些惋惜，但也不愿去寻觅它们，因为我失去的东西，比起它们，更多也更重要。

它们回到寒舍以后，我对它们的情感加故。书无分大小、贵贱、古今、新旧，只要是我想保存的，因之也同我共过患难的，一视同仁。洗尘，安置，抚慰，唏嘘，它们大概是已经体味到了。

近几年，又为它们添加了一些新伙伴。当这些新书，进入我的书架，我不再打印章，写名字，只是给它们包裹一层新装，记下到此的岁月。

这是因为，我意识到，我不久就会同它们告别了。我的命运是注定了。但它们各自的命运，我是不能预知，也不能担保的。

【参考译文】

Soon I’ll part
with my books; I’ll have to, the way the ancient hero Xiang Yu parted with his
favorite lady Yu at Gaixia.

The books had
arrived at my home since 1949, the year the country was liberated （from KMT rule）. At first they came piecemeal
and, later, in set of bulk, some from Beijing and Shanghai, some from Suzhou
and Hangzhou. During the first few years, as I was financially embarrassed,
sometimes I had to turn from the books that I would have liked to give
everything in exchange for. However, there were occasions on which I threw my
money on books with quite a sense of lavish generosity. In short, having kept
them company for over 30 years, I felt lifelong intimacy with them all.

During the ten
years of the disastrous Cultural Revolution I was not in the mood to, nor was I
fit enough to bother about my books, as I was not sure where I myself would end
up. But, having been taken from place to place, getting moistened and damaged,
tortured and trampled underfoot, they eventually had come back to me. Some of
them had just got lost, for I had had more to lose in those years and what I
had lost was far more important than the books.

After their
return home I felt about them with the same affection as I did earlier. I
treated them alike, whether they were big or small, old or new, expensive or
inexpensive, classical or contemporary, since they had been in my collection,
therefore, gone through thick and thin with me. I would sign with significance,
when I dusted and caressed them and then found a place for them to go to. I
guessed they must have sensed how I felt about their return.

During the past
couple of years I had found them some new companions. I no longer stamped my
seal or wrote my name on them. When I put them on the bookshelves, I only
clothed them with a new cover and marked the date of their arrival.

Ⅳ. Writing

1 Applied Writing （20
points）

Instructions: Please choose ONE from the
following topics and write within 150 words.

1） Suppose
you were an undergraduate student that is about to graduate from the college,
write a letter to the Ministry of Education complaining about the current
situation of job-hunting and proposing your suggestions.

2） Suppose
you were applying to study abroad, write a letter to the university
administrator for the information you need to know.

3） One
of your colleagues is going to have a job interview, you are asked to write a
recommendation letter for him or her.

【参考范文】

【解析】

本文为一封询问信，主要询问出国留学的有关事宜。第一段首先表明来意，表示自己想询问一些事宜。第二段主要描写了询问的具体事情。第三段表示期待回信。此类信件要注意格式和礼貌用语。

2 Topical Writing （40
points）

Instructions: Please choose ONE from the
following topics and write an essay within 500 words.

1）
Globalization of the Chinese Language

2）
E-learning: What does it mean?

3）
What is wrong with our English teaching?

【参考范文】

With the China’s
entrance to WTO and the more and more cooperation in foreign trade, a good
grasp of English communication is the key to win the cooperation. But we can
find many disadvantages in English education, more and more people has
complained they can’t use English very well. Then there comes a sharp contrast
exists between “test-oriented education” and “competence-oriented education”.
So what’s wrong with China’s English education?

To begin with,
most of the language learners do not have a language environment in their
study. They cannot speak and listen to English as much as they’re supposed to.
So what we have is “dumb English” rather than communicative English. To a great
extent, the English teaching in China is teacher-centered, turning a language
class into an information class. It is still very common in the classroom that
the teacher explains every language point in detail, while students take notes
all the time. Students are taught how to memorize language point instead of how
to use English. Students are very shy when they are asked to speak in English.

Secondly,
culture is neglected in English teaching because of poor text design. Some
redundant unrealistic materials and a great deal or grammar and structure
exercises in the text lead to students memorizing a large vocabulary and a lot
of English rules. Few students know how, when and where to use them. What’s
more, many textbooks are outdated. Many of the English books we use now were
published in 1990s. Though they have high quality, they cannot reflect the
development of the English language. So these books are not ideal textbooks.

Finally,
test-oriented education, in a sense, misleads and impedes college English
teaching in China. For example, college English test band four or six is so
overemphasized in some colleges that teachers teach to the test, sacrificing
learning for the sake of test results, and students only learn to pass the
examination. As a result, student’s actual language competence is weakened
though the passing rate has increased.

In conclusion,
Chinese English teaching is to be reformed. The language environment should be
improved and English class should be students-centered. Culture knowledge should
be introduced in language teaching, and examination should be dealt with appropriately.

【解析】

本文围绕当今中国英语教育的弊端展开论述。文章第一段介绍了在当今时代背景下，学习英语十分重要，从而引出大多英语学习者并不能用英语进行交流并发问问题出在哪里。文章第二段说明语言环境匮乏，英语课主要是以老师为中心。文章第三段说明英语教学缺少文化因素，教材僵化。第四段说明了应试教育也是弊端之一。最后一段总结概括全文，简要说明了改善方法。

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