北京邮电大学614英语语言基础考研真题及辅导用书

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1. 北京邮电大学人文学院《614英语语言基础》历年考研真题汇总

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北京邮电大学人文学院《614英语语言基础》历年考研真题汇总

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2006年北京邮电大学《314英语语言基础》考研真题

Part Ⅰ READING COMPREHENSION (40 Points)

In this section there are five reading
passages followed by a total of 20 multiple-choice questions. Read the passages
and then write your answers on the Answer Sheet.

Passage 1

The first habit
to be highly effective is proactivity. Be proactive. The word proactivity is
fairly common in management literature, but you won’t find it in the
dictionary. It means more than merely taking initiatives, it means that as a
human being you take responsibility for your own life.

Look at the word
responsibility, ability to choose your response, response-ability. I suggest
effective people are proactive, that is they take responsibility, their
behavior is a product of their own decisions, based on values, rather than
being a product of their conditions, based on feelings. For instance, you are
planning a picnic with your family. You’re excited. You have all the
preparations. You’ve decided where to go, and then it becomes stormy, killing
your plan. Proactive people carry weather within them. They realize what their
purpose really was, and they creatively have a picnic elsewhere even if it’s in
their own basement with some special games, and make the best of that
situation.

The opposite of being proactive is to be
reactive. Reactive people would say, “What’s the use, we can’t do anything,” “Oh
this is soup setting after all of our preparations and arrangements.” And the whole
spirit of negativism will tend to pervade those people’s minds and also the
family. That’s being reactive.

Being proactive
is really just being true to your human nature. Your basic nature is to act,
and not be acted upon. That’s true, despite widely accepted theories of
determinism used to explain human nature. Determinism says, that you don’t
really choose anything, that what you call choices, are nothing more than
automatic responses to outside conditions or stimuli.

The language of
reactive people, are people who are determined by their environment, or by
their conditions, or by their conditioning or their genetic makeup. “This I can’t,
that’s my nature.” “…can’t, don’t have time.” “I have to, I have to.” “I
must.” The whole spirit of that language is the transfer of responsibility.
Psychologically, isn’t that easier to say than “I’m a flake,” and “I’m
irresponsible.” The problem is, this is a self-fulfilling prophecy. People who
believe they are determined will produce the evidence to support the belief,
and they increasingly feel victimized and out of control. They’re not in charge
of their life or their destiny at all.

When you are
proactive, you don’t deny that genetics, upbringing and environment make a
difference. But you see them as influences only. A proactive person exercises
free will, the freedom to choose the response that best applies to your values.
In that way you gain control of your circumstances, rather than being controlled
by them.

1 To be proactive mean _____.

A. being in
charge of your own life

B. controlling the
situation and make decisions

C. choosing your
response

D. reacting
quickly to happenings

2 Proactive people _____.

A. carry weather
broadcast wherever they go.

B. make
alternative plans before the weather changes.

C. change their
plans in response to the changes of weather.

D. have the
ability to make weather forecasts.

3 When things are not as expected,
reactive people _____.

A. will do
everything to improve the situation.

B. have a strong
influence on the people around them.

C. will Refrain
from complaining.

D. know clearly
what their purpose really was.

4 According to determinism, _____.

A. one should be
true to one’s human nature.

B. human nature
is to take action.

C. human beings
do not make real choices.

D. human beings
do not respond to outside stimuli.

5 The believers of determinism _____.

A. tend to use
positive language which works like a self-fulfilling prophecy.

B. tend to use
negative language which works like a self-fulfilling prophecy.

C. believe that
genetics, upbringing and environment are important.

D. have firm
control over their circumstances.

Passage 2

I remember as a
kid getting these wonderful books, Popular Science or Popular Mechanics, that
were full of fanciful and wonderful ideas, and one of the images shows a
housewife with a garden hose in her living room and she’s hosing down her
couch. Plastic for furniture, why not ? Metal for clothing. Sure. If we can do
it, let’s try it.

Split-second lunches,
color-keyed disposable dishes—all part of the instant society of tomorrow. The
early vision of disposability was that somehow it just melted into the
atmosphere. They didn’t really think about the garbage component with all this
disposability. Disposability goes along with the whole idea of everything being
very clean and neat and ordered.

The scientific
house is most scientific in the kitchen where this unique stove is able to cook
a meal in mid-air. Magnetic coils underneath the stove-top keep the pan hot
enough to fry a mouth-watering meal while the top of the stove remains cold and
safe to touch. When the stove is turned off, the pan drops and presto electromagnetic
bacon and eggs!

Here is a perfect
example of how you just had to ignore human nature to see that part of the
future. You know how many times has AT&T tried to introduce picture phones
just to have people go, “No, I don’t want them to see me!”

The role of electronics was wildly underestimated. But that was because
they were looking at the future from a standpoint where computers were huge
things that took whole rooms full of spinning wheels of magnetic tape.

It’s partly because
we always envisioned the future in terms of what we have now only a lot better,
so that people in the year 1900 didn’t think of computers, they thought of
pneumatic tubes that went real, real, real, real fast. They thought by now you’d
be spending your vacations certainly in Mars or Jupiter or some place, maybe a
little bit cooler. I really would like to take that vacation in space now and I’m
not sure it’s going to be ready in time.

And the fact
that we can fly into space or communicate instantly with one another over vast
distances, even the fact that we’ve been able to extend our lives by decades, none
of that has really changed who we are. It is in fact the one prediction you can
confidently make about the future, be it a hundred or another 1,000 years from
now. The standards by which we measure a person’s goodness or evil will be the same
as they are today. No matter what our kitchens look like or how we travel the
highways of the universe, the essential ingredients of a man or woman will be
unchanged.

6 The instant society is _____.

A. going to come
true tomorrow.

B. an
imagination of popular science writers.

C. full of
disposable items which will melt into the atmosphere.

D. very clean
and neat and ordered.

7 In the scientific kitchen, the meals are
cooked _____.

A. in a pan
suspended above the stove.

B. in the air.

C. on the cold
surface of the stove.

D. by electric
power.

8 The picture phone is not successful
because _____.

A. it is not a
useful tool.

B. it is
unaffordable for most people.

C. it may
violate people’s privacy.

D. it has
nothing to do with human nature.

9 In the 18^th century, people
imagined that today _____.

A. computers
would be widely used.

B. space travel
would be part of people’s life.

C. electronic
appliances would play a major role in society.

D. pneumatic
tubes will be the means of everyday transportation.

10 With the development of science and
technology _____.

A. we will be
able to communicate with one another instantly.

B. no definite
prediction can be made about the future.

C. our moral
standards will be unchanged.

D. there will
be highways in the universe.

Passage 3

Throughout my 41
years at GE, I’ve had many ups and downs. In the media, I’ve gone from prince
to pig and back again.

I’ve been called
many things. In the early days, when I worked at our fledging plastics group,
some called me a crazy, wild man. When I became CEO two decades ago, Wall
Street asked, “Jack who?” When I tried to make GE more competitive by cutting
back our workforce in the early 1980s, the media dubbed me “Neutron Jack.” When
they learned we were focused on values and culture at GE, people asked if “Jack
has gone soft.” I’ve been No. 1 or No. 2 Jack, Services Jack, Global Jack, and,
in more recent years, Six Sigma Jack and e-Business Jack. When we made an
effort to acquire Honeywell in October 2000, and I agreed to stay on through
the transition, some thought of me as the Long-in-the-Tooth Jack hanging on by
his fingertips to his CEO job.

Those
characterizations said less about me and a lot more about the phase our company
went through. Truth is, down deep, I’ve never really changed much from the boy
my mother raised in Salem, Massachusetts.

When I started
on this journey in 1981, standing before Wall Street analysts for the first
time at New York’s Pierre Hotel, I said I wanted GE to become “the most
competitive enterprise on earth.” My objective was to put a small-company
spirit in a big-company body, to build an organization out of an old-line
industrial company that would be more high-spirited, more adaptable, and more
agile than companies that are one-fiftieth our size. I said then that I wanted
to create a company “where people dare to try new things—where people feel assured
in knowing that only the limits of their creativity and drive, their own
standards of personal excellence, will be the ceiling on how far and how fast
they move.”

I’ve put my
mind, my heart, and my gut into that journey every day of the 40-plus years. I’ve
been lucky enough to be a part of GE.

11 When the author first became the CEO of
GE, _____.

A. Wall Street
ignored him.

B. Wall Street
was surprised.

C. Wall Street
was not familiar to him.

D. Wall Street
was not familiar with him.

12 In the purchase of Honeywell, some
people thought that the author was _____.

A. a very
greedy person.

B. a very
ambitious person.

C. too old but
still reluctant to give up his position as CEO.

D. too old to
keep his position as CEO.

13 In the media, the author has been _____.

A. highly
praised and fiercely attacked.

B. described
both as a prince and a pig.

C. described as
a person with a multi-personality.

D. given a
distorted image.

14 As the author sees it, the many
nicknames of him indicate _____.

A. his
different character traits.

B. the
different stages of the development of his company.

C. the various
opinions of different journalists.

D. that people’s
attitude towards him changes with the time.

15 The author’s secret of business
administration is _____.

A. to run a
large company like a small one.

B. to give up
old-line industrial company policies.

C. enabling the
company to be innovative and creative.

D. giving
higher positions to employees.

Passage 4

The modern
Olympic Games are the biggest events ever organized in peace time. They have a
universal impact. The city which hosts the games welcomes the whole world and
it’s a huge and complex task, which needs more and more preparation time. In
fact, these days seven years are required for the host city to set up the
Olympic event.

It’s a crucial
task since the future of the games depends on how accurate this choice is. The
host city holds the destiny of the Olympic movement and the Evaluation
Commission is a vital element in that decision making. Because of this huge
responsibility, the bid cities are carefully chosen and must undergo a
pre-selection round. And then comes the main test feared by the five candidates
remaining in the competition. That’s when the commission visits the cities to
evaluate their candidateship. 

Now in order to
select the best candidature the Evaluation Commission has been testing the
venues and the capacity and potential of the cities in particular. The members
of the Evaluation Commission are representatives of the International Olympic
Committee, the International Federations and National Olympic Committees.

The commission
has former athletes as well as world specialists in different areas like the
environment. A total of 16 people are working for the commission and they all
know what it takes for a successful Olympic Games organization. The
commissioners carefully review the candidatures. Each of them has a 600-page
file which answers the 149 questions asked by the commission. And the sports
venues are also inspected. Because the evaluation is seven years away from the
games themselves, the presentations of the cities are more or less virtual.

Often the
members of the commission have to imagine that the wild field in front of them
is actually going to become a magnificent Olympic venue. The commission members
can only rely on their experience and on their expertise. After their on-sight
visits, the Evaluation Commission met at the International Olympic Committee headquarters
in Lausanne in order to produce a report based on their conclusions about the
candidatures.

Since the Salt
Lake City scandal, International Olympic Committee members are not allowed to
go to the bid cities themselves. They’ll have access to this report on May the
13th. It’ll be the only basis for them to decide whether or not each city is
eligible.

16 The host city of the modem Olympic
Games _____.

A. demands
longer preparation time than ever before.

B. has a huge
impact on the universe.

C. has to
accommodate guests from all over the world.

D. has a task
too huge and complex to accomplish.

17 It is the task of the Evaluation
Commission to _____.

A. make their
final decision immediately after the pre-selection round of the bid cities.

B. visit all
the bid cities to see the site with their own eyes.

C. give the
candidates a awe-provoking test.

D. make an
overall judgment of the capacity of the candidates.

18 Each member of the Evaluation
Commission must _____.

A. answer the
149 questions in the 600-page file.

B. make
thorough on-sight inspection of the sports venues.

C. have a
strong knowledge of the necessary conditions for successful Olympic Games.

D. have a
strong knowledge of environmental problems.

19 The members of the Evaluation Commission make their judgment according
to _____.

A. their
imagination of what may happen seven years later.

B. the
landscape of the bid cities.

C. their own
experience and expertise.

D. the report
produced at the International Olympic Committee headquarters in Lausanne..

20 It can be inferred from the text that Salt Lake City _____.

A. is one of
the candidates for the next Olympic Games.

B. is where the
Evaluation Commission members were bribed

C. is a place
forbidden to the Evaluation Commission members

D. will submit
the report to the Evaluation Commission members

Part Ⅱ VOCABULARY
(20 Points)

There are twenty sentences in this
section. Beneath each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D.
Choose one word or phrase that best completes the sentence. Write your answers
on the Answer

1 If the fire alarm is sounded, all residents are requested to
_____ in the courtyard.

A. combine

B. assemble

C. crowd

D. mobilize

2 The people who objected to the new road were told that since work
had already started there was no point in _____

A. contradicting

B. protesting

C. refusing

D. provoking

3 Corruption in the running of the city’s largest bank was _____ in
the local newspaper.

A. discovered

B. detected

C. exposed

D. commented

4 He said he couldn’t _____ to retire from work and live only on
his pension.

A. accept

B. afford

C. compensate

D. risk

5 After his heavy defeat in the local elections he decided to _____
from the campaign for the Presidency.

A. renounce

B. retract

C. withdraw

D. withhold

6 The rain soon worked its way _____ the roof of the old cottage.

A. over

B. in

C. through

D. round

7 The managing Director has asked to see the sales _____ resulting
from our recent advertising campaign.

A. numbers

B. calculations

C. amounts

D. figures

8 The country’s mineral resources have
been _____ by foreign powers.

A. disused

B. deprived

C. extorted

D. exploited

9 He earns his living by _____ old paintings.

A. restoring

B. retrieving

C. recovering

D. renewing

10 A new system of quality control was _____ to overcome the defects
in the firm’s products.

A. installed

B. inaugurated

C. introduced

D. inserted

11 All flights in and out of London Airport came to a _____ because
of the strike.

A. terminus

B. closure

C. standstill

D. stoppage

12 Dried vegetables are easy to use if you remember to _____ them
overnight.

A. dampen

B. infuse

C. plunge

D. soak

13 Investors seem to be losing _____ in the car industry.

A. belief

B. confidence

C. trust

D. reliability

14 The memorial in the square _____ the soldiers who lost their lives
in the war.

A. celebrates

B. recaptures

C. remembers

D. commemorates

15 It was obvious that he had been drinking far too much from the way
he came _____ down the street.

A. toddling

B. loping

C. staggering

D. shuffling

16 Be careful how you handle this vase, as
it is _____.

A. valueless

B. priceless

C. invaluable

D. worthy

17 The large crowds lingering in the streets were quickly _____ by
heavy rain.

A. removed

B. dislocated

C. deposed

D. dispersed

18 By the end of the day the flood water which had covered most of the
town had _____.

A. receded

B. reversed

C. replaced

D. retired

19 Digging the garden is a very _____
task.

A. industrious

B. manual

C. laborious

D. exerting

20 The man crept noiselessly up the stairs, but on the landing the floorboards
_____.

A. cracked

B. crunched

C. moaned

D. creaked

Part ⅡI PROFF-REAING
& ERROR CORRECTION (20 Points)

The following
passage contains 10 errors. Each indicated line contains one error only. In
each case, only one word is involved. You should proofread the passage and
correct it in the following manner:

For a wrong
word, underline the wrong word and write the correct one in the blank provided
at the end of the line.

For a missing
word, mark the position of the missing word with a “∧” sign and write the word you
believe to be missing in the blank provided at the end of the line.

For an
unnecessary word, cross the unnecessary word with a slash “/”and put the word in the blank provided at the end of the line.

Write your
answers on the Answer Sheet.

Part Ⅳ TRANSLATION

SECTION A CHINESE TO
ENGLISH (20 Points)

Translate the following passage into
English. Write your translation on the Answer Sheet.

我爱美好的东西，首先是热爱大自然之美，在我所写的诗里相当多是关于大自然的。每当我到山里、湖边、或海上，甚至看到路旁开放的野花、或者只是岩石缝里挣扎着往外长的野草，我都十分感动，心中升起一种激动之情。有时我觉得自己也成了它们当中的一株，忘记了自己是一个人。我与岩石上飞泻而下的瀑布和天上飘过的浮云对话，与寺院旁的老松树沟通，向颐和园里早春时盛开的紫色野花致敬。

我爱中外的文学艺术之美。记得我曾在卢浮宫(the Louvre)里的蒙娜丽莎(Mona Lisa)画像前伫立二十分钟，欣赏她微笑的面容，搜寻她的手指、甚至衣服皱褶里的神秘微笑。许多优秀的话剧使我感动得热泪盈眶。我向学生介绍的欧洲和美国的伟大戏剧家，成了我的好朋友；他们教给我的关于生活的知识远远超过了我能将他们介绍给学生的内容。有时他们会与我面对面交谈。

SECTION B ENGLISH TO
CHINESE (20 Points)

Translate the following passage into
Chinese. Write your translation on the Answer Sheet.

Psychologically
there two dangers to be guarded against in old age. One of these is undue
absorption in the past. It does not do to live in memories, in regrets for the
good old days, or in sadness about friends who are dead. One’s thoughts must be
directed to the future, and to things about which there is something to be
done.

This is not
always easy; one’s own past is a gradually increasing weight. It is easy to
think to oneself that one’s emotions used to be more vivid than they are, and
one’s mind more keen. If this true it should be forgotten, and if it is
forgotten it will probably not be true.

The other thing
to be avoided is clinging to youth in the hope of sucking vigor from it
vitality. When your children are grown up they want to live their own lives,
and if you continue to be as interested in them as you were when they were
young, you are likely to become a burden to them, unless they are unusually
callous. I do not mean that one should be without interest in them, but one’s
interest should be contemplative and, if possible, philanthropic, but not
unduly emotional.

Part V WRITING (30
Points)

With the increasingly wide use of the
computer, do you think electronic books will eventually replace those printed
on paper? What are the benefits and drawbacks of each type?

In the first
part of your writing you should present your thesis statement and in the second
part you should support the thesis statement with appropriate details. Marks
will be awarded for organization as well as for syntactic variety and
appropriate word choice.

Write your
essay on the Answer Sheet.

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