东北师范大学外国语学院英语实践基础考研真题及辅导用书

考研真题

1. 东北师范大学外国语学院英语实践基础历年考研真题汇总

2. 全国名校基础英语考研真题

考研指导书

1. 冯庆华《实用翻译教程》（第3版）配套题库（含考研真题）

2. 丁往道《英语写作手册（中文版）》（第2版）笔记和考研真题

东北师范大学外国语学院英语实践基础历年考研真题汇总

书籍目录

部分内容

2007年东北师范大学681英语实践基础考研真题

I. VOCABULARY

1．Complete each of the
sentences with an appropriate form of the word provided in the parenthesis. (
20 points )

(1) There has been a _____ of interest in
this author’s unique writing style. (revive)

(2) I was _____ at being always told what
to do and what not to do. (fury)

(3) The company became _____ within three
years, which was beyond many people’s expectation. (profit)

(4) The _____ manager will interview you.
(person)

(5) The man who is in charge of the _____ is
an excellent engineer. (install)

(6) Many people fear snakes because some of
them are _____. (poison)

(7) If I did something wrong, it was only through
_____. (ignore)

(8) We kept her _____ of the news that her
son died in the accident. (inform)

(9) To save money, he often buys _____ textbooks.
(use)

(10) He worked with great _____ and hoped
to finish it ahead of schedule. (efficient)

(11) In modern society many people seem to
have forgotten that marriage is a lifelong _____. (commit)

(12) It is common to see people _____ each
other in America. (embrace)

(13) The store sells only products that
contain no artificial _____. (preserve)

(14) Sam Walton, who single-handedly built
Wal-Mart, is the largest _____ in the United States. (retail)

(15)Would you please stop by the hardware
store and pick up a _____ filter for the air conditioning unit? (replace)

(16) The bread maker’s _____ lid made it
impossible for anyone to use it. (defect)

(17) Smaller shops have items that are much
more _____ for the average shopper. (afford)

(18) “Sour milk” is a term used for either milk that has passed its _____
date or the bitter taste of learning a painful lesson. (expire)

(19) We need your _____ here on this dotted
line. (sign)

(20) I could do the entire web page myself
if I had a _____ to put the pictures and graphics up with. (scan)

2．Choose one from A, B,
C or D, which is closest to the meaning of the underlined word, or phrase ( 20
points ).

(1) The accountant is scrupulous in
recording expenses.

A. careful

B. reckless

C. obstinate

D. disheartened

(2) The Watsons decided to defer
their plans for a vacation.

A. transfer

B. regret

C. relish

D. postpone

(3) Older people often speak of frugality
as the greatest virtue when dealing with money.

A. excess

B. finality

C. restraint

D. generosity

(4) In the near future, we will see a lot
of controversy about what’s a trait and what’s a disease.

A. conversation

B. thinking

C. debate

D. anger

(5) There should be testing to see if
people are more prone to violence in the work place.

A. afraid

B. inclined

C. practiced

D. accustomed

(6) Nature now can be tinkered with in
ways that not long ago were only Science-fiction fantasies.

A. ignored

B. avoided

C. tolerated

D. manipulated

(7) English prevails in
transportation and the media.

A. exists

B. preserves

C. continues

D. predominates

(8) I was even more confused when I found out that the meaning of
the verb ‘to duck’ came from the bird and not vice versa.

A. the other
way around

B. from
something else

C. with many
meanings

D. written in a
different way

(9) I grew up in a culture that considers
us literally a part of the entire process that is called nature.

A. in an imaginative
way

B. in reality

C.
intellectually

D. poetically

(10) If you are over 65 and retired, you
may be eligible to receive a Blue Cross Gold policy.

A. legal

B. qualified

C. fortunate

D. credible

(11) In an effort to promote our new product, we have undertaken
heavy advertisement campaigns through all forms of mass media.

A. engage

B. advertise

C. raise

D. advance

(12) During the preliminary stages of building, we will break
the ground, level it out, and then begin digging the foundation.

A. initial

B. final

C. contemporary

D. current

13) After his television repair business went bankrupt, Steve
decided to stay home and watch the children while his wife played the role of
the breadwinner.

A. broke

B. serious

C. down

D. ahead

(14) To spend more money on shipping than
on producing an item is silly and definitely no cost-effective.

A. convincing

B. decisive

C. economical

D. efficient

(15) We are going to be holding seminars all day Saturday on
topics ranging from balancing a checkbook to personal investing.

A. parties

B. bands

C. conferences

D. statements

(16) I hope that these new computers will facilitate
the rapid growth of your promising company.

A. retard

B. fasten

C. help

D. fascinate

(17) Ever since he took a mouth off for
health reason, we haven’t had any correspondence with him whatsoever.

A.
communication

B. meeting

C. agreement

D.
collaboration

(18) The court has ordered the committee to
inquire into this incident further.

A. investigate

B. restate

C. bring for
ware

D. carry away

(19) The layout of the room will look something like this,
but I’m still trying to decide the actual color scheme and which graphics we
are going to insert.

A. decoration

B. index

C. environment

D. arrangement

(20) The Orient Express is a famous and luxurious train that
transports its travelers into the heart of some of Europe’s most exotic
places.

A. mysterious

B. unusual

C. realistic

D. precarious

3．Fill in the blanks
with the words given below, making necessary changes. Note that there are extra
words in the list. (10 points)

Thirty-two
people watched Kitty Genovese being killed right beneath their windows. She was
their neighbor. Yet none of the 32 helped her. Not one even called the police.
Was this (1) cruelty? Was it lack of feeling
about one’s fellowman? “Not so.” said scientists John Darley and Bibb Fatane.
These men went (2) the headlines to find the
reasons why people didn’t act. They found that a person has to go through two
steps before he can help.

First he has to (3) that there is an emergency. Suppose you see a middle-aged man slump
to the sidewalk. Is he having a heart attack? Is he in a coma from diabetes? Or
is he about to sleep off a drunk? Is the smoke coming into the room from a (4) in the air conditioning? Is it “steam pipes”? Or is it really
smoke from a fire? It’s not always easy to tell if you are faced with a real
emergency.

Second, and more
important, the person faced with an emergency must feel (5) responsible. He must feel that he must help, or the person won’t get
the help he needs. The researchers found that a lot depends on how many people
are (6). They had college students in to be “tested.”
Some came alone. Some came with one or two others. And some came in large
groups. The receptionist started them off on the “tests.” Then she went into
the next room. A curtain divided the “testing room” and the room into which she
went. Soon the students heard a (7), the noise of
file cabinets falling and a cry for help. All of this had been pre-recorded on
a tape-recorder.

Eight out of ten
of the students taking the test alone acted to help. Of the students in pairs
two out of ten helped. Of the students in groups, none helped. In other words,
in group, Americans often (8) to act. They feel
that others will act. They, themselves, need not. They do not feel any (9) responsibility.

Are people
bothered by situations where people are in trouble? Yes. The scientists found that
the people were emotional, they sweated, they had (10) hands.
They felt the other person’s trouble. But they did not act. They were in a
group. Their actions were shaped by the actions of those they were with.

II. READING
COMPREHENSION ( 50 points)

Passage A The following
passage contains TEN errors. Each line contains a maximum of one error. In each
case, only ONE word is involved. You should proofread the passage and correct
it in the following way: (10 points)

For a wrong word, underline the
wrong word and write the correct one in the blank provided at the end of the
line.

For a missing word, mark the position of the
missing word with a “∧” sign and write the word you believe to be missing in the blank
provided at the end of the line for an unnecessary word, cross the unnecessary
work with a slash “/” and put the word in the blank provided at the end of the line.

Passage B Read the
following passage and choose A, B, C or D to complete each of the following statements.
(10 points)

Fire Tests

Most fires start
in a building’s contents, not its structure. Understanding how fire grows indoors—in enclosed spaces—is the first step in limiting its potential
for death and destruction. Fire tests have been around for years, and most
building codes make reference to them. Some, however, are obsolete, in
the sense that they can’t accommodate a growing number of new materials in new
configurations. Nor can they rank items in order of flammability. What is
needed are graded tests that attach numbers to the degree of flammability. These
numbers could then be plugged into suitable computer models. The computer could
work out the total flammability of an item, depending on what it’s made of how
it’s put together, and where it’s placed.

Computer models
are becoming important in research. Scientists are hoping that one day, with
enough data and sufficiently powerful computers, they will be able to
calculate, without actually setting fire to anything, the way a fire will
spread in any given building.

A fire indoors
is a very different animal from the one outdoors. When you put a match to incinerator,
the flames build up steadily. Most of the heat is lost to the atmosphere, so
you have no trouble staging close by.

Inside a room,
it obeys different and more complex physics, and the danger quietly multiplies.
First, instead of a match, imagine a cigarette dropped into the back of a
lounge chair. Cigarettes, you should know, are among the major causes of fires
in houses. A carelessly discarded cigarette can stay alight in a concealed crevice
for as long as 45 minutes. Then, after smouldering away, the chair’s upholstery
suddenly ignites. Within perhaps 30 seconds, smoke, combustion gases, and heat
begin curling upwards, and before I minute has passed, they have started building
up in a trapped layer under the ceiling.

As the chair
continues to bum the layer gets hotter and thicker, and after 2 minutes it
starts radiating heat back down to the chair and other furniture in the room.
After 3 minutes or so the trapped heat can become so intense that we see ‘flash-over’,—everything in the room,
including combustible gases, has reached ignition point and bursts into flame.

Experiments have
shown that some polyurethane armchairs can, 5 minutes after ignition,
give out 1-2 megawatts of heat. That’s no more than a lively incinerator produces;
but when it’s confined in a room it can easily induce flash over. After flash-over
anybody still in the room would be dead. People rarely appreciate how quickly a
small fire indoors can turn into a deadly inferno. They waste time going
to the laundry to get a bucket of water instead of making sure everybody else
is out of the house. By the time they get back, the fire will almost certainly
be out of control. Billowing clouds of smoke and toxic gases quickly
spill through doorways and along halls, enveloping and incapacitating
sleeping occupants in the rest of the house.

You can
appreciate that modeling the entire course of an indoor fire on a computer is a
daunting task. The program needs to consider the flaming combustion zone,
the rising thermal plume above there beneath the celling, and ventilation, Turbulence
of air is very difficult to model because large eddies can grow from
features as small as 0.1 mm across.

Nevertheless,
fire researchers overseas have simplified models to study aspects of fire
behaviour in homes, hospitals, aircraft, tunnels, stadiums, shopping malls and
airports. For example, the Fire Research Station in Britain has spent 7 years
developing ‘Jasmine,’ which can show how air circulates into a burning building
and .how the smoke layer deepens with time.

In the United
States, the National Bureau of Standards has developed ASET, which calculates ‘available
safe egress time.’ This fire-growth model requires figures for rates of
mass loss, smoke release, production of toxic gases, and heat build-up. Most
existing tests, as we have noted, fail to provide the necessary data. They will
need to be modified, or a whole new generation of tests devised.

1．The majority of fires in buildings are
caused by_____

A. materials
left in the buildings.

B. poor building
structure.

C. outdated fire
regulations.

D. enclosed
spaces.

2．The increased number of new materials
used to construct buildings_____

A. leads to
increasing number of fires.

B. means fire rules
need to be updated.

C. requires many
new construction configurations.

D. uses graded
tests to determine risk.

3．The risk of flammability in a given
material_____

A. is due to
computer modeling.

B. is due to
what the item is made of.

C. is due to a variety
of factors.

D. is due to
graded tests.

4．Due to insufficient computing power_____

A. scientists do
not understand the risks of fire.

B. scientists cannot
update fire regulations.

C. scientists
cannot recommend using new materials.

D. scientists
have to test materials by setting fire to them.

5．Fires in houses_____

A. are always
caused by cigarettes.

B. take between
45 minutes and 2 hours to spread.

C. are very
different to fires outdoors,

D. often start
suddenly.

6．When a chair has been burning for about
3 minutes_____

A. smoke becomes
trapped under the ceiling.

B. the
temperature rises.

C. the rest of
the room ignites.

D. people in the
room will die.

7．The article suggests that if a person
encounters a burning chair_____

A. it won’t put
out as much heat as an incinerator.

B. the person
should try to put it out.

C. the person
will become incapacitated

D. the person
should remove all people in the area.

8．Because indoor tires have many aspects, _____

A. they are
difficult to understand.

B. air
turbulence is increased.

C. eddies cannot
be understood.

D. they are
difficult to put out.

9．Overseas fire researchers_____

A. are particularly
interested in fires in homes and hospitals.

B. study certain
features of fires rather than the whole process.

C. understand how
air circulates in a burning building.

D. have enough
computer power to do complete research.

10．The National Bureau of Standards in the
U S. _____

A. fails to
provide necessary data.

B. needs to be modified.

C. requires a
wide range of data.

D. helps control
fires.

Passage C Choose the
most suitable headings for the paragraphs from the list of headings below. (10
points)

I
Don’t Know Where I’m Gonna Go When the Volcano Blows

1．These words,
suggested in a song by Jimmy Buffet in his 1979 Volcano album, probably reflect
the concerns of many people living near active volcanoes. Volcanoes are
beneficial to humans living on or near them. They produce fertile soil, and
provide valuable minerals, water reservoirs, geothermal resources, and scenic
beauty. But volcanoes can be very dangerous. Where can a person go to be safe
from an erupting volcano? What types of volcanic hazards might they face? These
questions are difficult to answer because there are many types of volcanic eruptions
which produce different types of volcanic hazards.

2．When Mount St
Helens erupted on May 18, 1980, red hot lava did not spew out of the volcano and
pour down its flanks. This perception of a volcanic eruption is a common one
and is probably due in part to pictures seen on television or in books of the
beautiful lava flows and lava fountains in Hawaii. The type of eruptions in Hawaii
is known as Hawaiian volcanism and is far less dangerous than the eruptions
produced by Mount St. Helens. It is important to know what type of an emption a
volcano is most likely to produce so that the types of hazards produced by such
an eruption can be identified. Knowledge of these types of lizards will help
determine where a person would need to go to be safe during a volcanic
eruption.

3．Volcanic
eruptions can be placed into two general categories: those that are explosive,
such as at Mount St. Helens, and those that are effusive, such as in Hawaii.
The most active volcano in the world, Kilauea Volcano on the big island of
Hawaii, is generally a non-explosive volcano (though there have been occasions
when it erupted explosively). Eruptions from it normally result in gently
flowing lava flows, spatter cones, and lava fountains. Another type of
non-explosive volcanism is flood basalts. Lava flows from this type of eruption
are extruded from fissures and cover vast areas. These non-explosive eruptions
are the least dangerous type of volcanic eruption since people rarely get killed
by them (Francis, 1993). However, they are devastating and may have global
consequences.

4．Many
eruptions are explosive in nature. They produce fragmental rocks from erupting
lava and surrounding country rock. Some eruptions are highly explosive and
produce fine volcanic ash that rises many kilometers into the atmosphere in enormous
eruption columns. Explosive activity also causes widespread ash fall,
pyroclastic flows, debris avalanches, landslides, pyroclastic surges, and
lahars. Explosivity is usually the result of gases expanding within a viscous
lava. Another mechanism for explosions at volcanoes occurs when surface water
or ground water enters a magma chamber. These eruptions are likely when a
volcano occurs in a wet area or in the sea.

5．Earthquakes
related to volcanic activity may produce hazards which include ground cracks,
ground deformation, and damage to manmade structures. There are two general
categories of earthquakes that cm occur at a volcano: volcano-tectonic
earthquakes and long period earthquakes.

6．Earthquakes
produced by stress changes in solid rock due to the injection or withdrawal of
magma (molton rock) are called volcano-tectonic earthquakes (Chouet, 1993).
These earthquakes can cause land to subside and can produce large ground
cracks. These earthquakes can occur as rock is moving to fill in spaces where
magma is no longer present. Volcano-tectonic earthquakes don’t indicate that
the volcano will be erupting but can occur at any time.

7．The second
category of volcanic earthquakes are long period earthquakes which are produced
by the injection of magma into surrounding rock. These earthquakes are a result
of pressure changes during the unsteady transport of the magma.

8．When magma
injection is sustained a lot of earthquakes are produced (Chouet, 1993). This
type of activity indicates that a volcano is about to erupt. Scientists use
seismographs to record the signal from these earthquakes. This signal is known
as volcanic tremor.  People living near an erupting volcano are very aware
of volcanic earthquakes. Their houses will shake and windows rattle from the
numerous earthquakes that occur each day before and during a volcanic eruption.
Residents in Pompeii felt earthquakes daily before Vesuvius erupted in A.D. 79
but continued to go about, their daily routines (Francis, 1993). When Mount
Pinatubo in the Philipines erupted in 1991, nerves were rattled as much as
windows by volcanic earthquakes.

9．Earthquakes
exhibiting volcanic tremor warn of an impending eruption so that people can be
evacuated to areas of safety. The volcanic tremor signal has been used successfully
to predict the 1980 eruptions of Mount St. Helens and the 1991 eruption of
Pinatubo. Volcano-tectonic earthquakes can cause damage to manmade structures
and landsliding. To prevent damage from being done, structures should be built
according to earthquake standards, building foundations should be constructed
on firm ground and not unconsolidated material which may.

List of headings

I. Explosive volcanic eruptions

II. Difference between Mount St. Helens and
Hawaii volcanoes

III. Alertness to volcanic earthquakes

IV. Awareness of Pompeii people of Vesuvius
eruption

V. Types of volcanic eruptions

VI. Advantages and dangers of volcanoes

VII. Disasters caused by explosive volcanic
eruptions

VIII. Features of volcano-tectonic
earthquakes

IX. Tips for constructing manmade structures
against the earthquake damage

X. Damages to manmade structures

Paragraph 3:

Paragraph 4:

Paragraph 6:

Paragraph 8:

Paragraph 9:

Passage D Read the
following passage and choose A, B, C or D to answer the following questions.
(10 points)

It would have
been impossible, completely and entirely, for any woman to have written the
plays of Shakespeare in the age of Shakespeare. Let me imagine, since facts are
so hard to come by, what would have happened had Shakespeare had a wonderfully
gifted sister, called Judith, let us say.

Shakespeare
himself went, very probably—his mother was an heiress—to the grammar school, where he may have
learnt Latin—Ovid, Virgil and Horace—and the elements of grammar and logic. He
was, it is well known, a wild boy who poached rabbits, perhaps shot a deer, and
had, rather sooner than he should have done, to marry a woman in the
neighborhood, who bore him a child rather quicker than was right. That escapade
sent him to seek his fortune in London. He had, it seemed, a taste for the
theatre; he began by holding horses at the stage door. Very soon he got work in
the theatre, became a successful actor, and lived at the hub of the universe, meeting
everybody, knowing everybody, practising his art on the boards, exercising his
wits in the streets , and even getting access to the palace of the queen.

Meanwhile his
extraordinarily gifted sister, let us suppose, remained at home. She was as
adventurous, as imaginative, as agog to see the world as he was. But she was
not sent to school. She had no chance of learning grammar and logic, let alone
of reading Horace and Virgil. She picked up a book now and then, one of her
brother’s perhaps, and read a few pages. But then her parents came in and told
her to mend the stockings or mind the stew and not moon about with books and
papers. They would have spoken sharply but kindly, for they were substantial
people who knew the conditions of life for a woman and loved their daughter—indeed, more likely than not
she was the apple of her father’s eye. Perhaps she scribbled some pages up in
an apple loft on the sly, but was careful to hide them or set fire to them.
Soon, however, before she was out of her teens，she was to be betrothed to the son of a neighboring
wool-sta-pler. She cried out that marriage was hateful to her, and for that she
was severely beaten by her father. Then he ceased to scold her. He begged her
instead not to hurt him, not to shame him in this matter of her marriage. He
would give her a chain of beads or a tine petticoat, he said; and there were
tears in his eyes. How could she disobey him? How could she break his heart?

The force of her
own gift alone drove her to it. She made up a small parcel of her belongings, let
herself down by a rope one summer’s night and look the road to London. She was
not seventeen. The birds that sang in the hedge were not more musical than she
was. She had the quickest fancy, a gift like her brother’s, for the tune of
words. Like him, she had a taste for the theatre. She stood at the stage door;
she wanted to act, she said. Men laughed in her face. The manager—a fat, loose-lipped man—guffawed. He bellowed something
about poodles dancing and women acting—no woman, he said, could possibly be an
actress. He hinted—you can imagine what. She could get no training in her
craft. Could she even seek her dinner in a tavern or roam the streets at
midnight? Yet her genius was for fiction and lusted to feed abundantly upon the
lives of men and women and the study of their ways. At last—for she was very
young, oddly like Shakespeare the poet in her face, with the same grey eyes
rounded brows—at last Nick Greene the actor-manager took pity on her; she found
herself with child by that gentleman and so—who shall measure the heat and violence of the
poet’s heart when caught and tangled in a woman’s body?—killed herself one winter’s
night and lies buried at some cross-roads where the omnibuses now stop outside
the Elephant and Castle.

That, more or
less, is how the story would run, I think, if a woman in Shakespeare’s day had
had Shakespeare’s genius.

1．The word “escapade” in the second
paragraph means_____.

A. the act of
getting away

B. an
unconventional act

C. a punishment

D. an ignorant
mistake

2．With respect to women in Shakespeare’s time, we can infer from
the third paragraph all the following EXCEPT_____.

A. they were
supposed to do housework.

B. they were
supposed to be underrated.

C. they were
supposed to be given arranged marriages.

D. they were
supposed to kill time at home.

3．Shakespeare’s gifted sister committed
suicide because_____.

A. she found she
was taken in.

B. she could
hardly feed herself.

C. she could
hardly bear people’s blame.

D. there was a
narrow chance for her to be an actress.

4．The author aims to_____.

A. mock the
difference between Shakespeare and his sister.

B. exaggerate
the death of imaginary Shakespeare’s gifted sister.

C. identify with
women in Shakespeare’s time.

D. ridicule the
unfair treatment of women in Shakespeare’s time.

5．Which category of writing does the
passage mainly belong to?

A. Description

B.
Argutnentation

C. Exposition

D. Narration

Passage E Read the
following passage and choose A, B, C or D to complete each of the following
statements. (10 points)

Newspaper
reporters and technical writers are trained to reveal almost nothing about
themselves in their writings. This makes them freaks in the world of writers, since
almost ail of the other ink-stained wretches in that world reveal a lot about themselves
to readers. We call these revelations, accidental and intentional, elements of
style.

These
revelations tell us as readers what sort of person it is with whom we are spending
time. Does the writer sound ignorant or informed, stupid or bright, crooked or
honest, humorless or playful? And on and on.

Why should you
examine your writing style with the idea of improving it? Do so as a mark of
respect for your readers, whatever you’re writing. If you scribble your thoughts
any which way, your readers will surely feel that you care nothing about them.
They will mark you down as an egomaniac or a chowderhead—or, worse, they will
stop reading you.

The most damming
revelation you can make about yourself is that you do not know what is
interesting and what is not. Don’t you yourself like or dislike writers mainly
for what they choose to show you or make you think about? Did you ever admire
an empty-headed writer for his or her mastery of the language? No. So your own
winning style must begin with ideas in your head.

Find a subject you
care about and which you in your; heart feel others should care about. It is
this genuine caring, and not your games with language, which will be the most
compelling arid seductive element in your style. I am not urging you to write a
novel, by the way—although
I would not be sorry if you wrote one, provided you genuinely cared about
something. A petition to the mayor about a pothole in front of your house or a
love letter to the girl next door will do.

As for your use
of language: Remember that two great masters of language, William Shakespeare
and James Joyce, wrote sentences which were almost childlike when their
subjects were most profound. “To be or not to be?” asks Shakespeare’s Hamlet. The
longest word is three letters long. Joyce, when he was frisky , could put
together a sentence as intricate and as glittering as a necklace for Cleopatra,
but my favorite sentences in his short story Eveline is this one: “She was
tired.” At that point in the story, no other words could break the heart of a
reader as those three words do.

It may be that
you, too, axe capable of making necklaces for Cleopatra, so to speak. But your
eloquence should be the servant of the ideas in your head. Your rule might be
this; If a sentence, no matter how excellent, does not illuminate your subject
in some new and useful way, scratch it out.

The writing
style which is most natural for you is bound to echo the speech you heard when
you are a child. English was the novelist Joseph Conrad’s third language, and
much that seems piquant in his use of English was no doubt coloured by his
first language, which was Polish. And lucky indeed is the writer who has grown
up in Ireland, for the English spoken there is so amusing and musical.

All the
varieties of speech are beautiful, just as the varieties of butterflies are
beautiful. No matter what your firs language, you should treasure it all your
life. If it happens not to be standard English, and if it shows itself when you
write standard English, the result is usually delightful, like a very pretty
girl with one eye that is green and one that is blue.

I myself find
that I trust my own writing most, and others seem to trust it most, too, when I
sound most like a person from Indianapolis, which is what I am. What alternatives
do I have? The one most vehemently recommended by teachers has no doubt been
pressed on you, as well: to write like cultivated Englishmen of a century or
more ago.

For a discussion
of literary style in a narrow sense, in a more technical sense, I commend to
your attention The Elements of Style by William Strunk, Jr., and E.

B. White (Macmillan.
1979). E.

B. White is, of
course, one of the most admirable literary stylists this country has so far
produced. You should realize, too, that no one would care how well or badly Mr.
White expressed himself, if he did not have perfectly enchanting things to say.

1．The “other ink-stained wretches” in the
first paragraph refers to_____.

A. other writers
other than those mentioned in the first sentence.

B. Newspaper
reporters and technical writers.

C. Readers who
are absorbed in reading newspapers.

D. Freaks who
are crazy about exiting articles.

2．According to the passage, the author welcomes
a writer_____.

A. who is
proficient at language

B. who lacks sense

C. who is
thoughtful

D. who adapts to
a new environment

3．It is suggested in the sixth paragraph
that when writing a story, you should_____.

A. ramble on
about it

B. Imitate the
two masters mentioned

C. Sound like
yourself

D. Keep it
simple

4．According to the author, writers should_____.

A. sacrifice
language skills for ideas

B. Sacrifice
ideas for language skills

C. Value both
language skills and ideas

D. Overlook neither
ideas nor language skills

5．We can infer from the last paragraph
that people_____.

A. cure more
about Mr. White’s ideas than his language

B. Admire Mr.
White’s eloquence in expressing himself

C. Have great
interest in reading Mr. White’s books on styles

D. Want to know
more about literary styles

III. Writing (50%)

1．You are an employer who must decide how to handle the smoking
issue in your office. Many of your employees are nonsmokers, but some,
including your managers, are smokers. Devices a plan that would satisfy both
groups. Explain the benefits of the plan you choose and its advantages over
other options. (Around 150 words). (20%)

2．Write an argumentative essay beginning with the sentence given
below. It is necessary for you to give a title for your essay. (30%)

A man is relieved and gay when he has put his heart into his
work and done his best; but what he has done otherwise, shall give him no
peace.

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