首都师范大学211翻译硕士英语考研真题及辅导用书

考研真题

1. 首都师范大学外国语学院《211翻译硕士英语》[专业硕士]历年真题

2. 2026年翻译硕士《211翻译硕士英语》考研真题与模拟题

考研指导书

1. 2026年翻译硕士《211翻译硕士英语》专用教材

2. 2026年翻译硕士《211翻译硕士英语》考研题库

首都师范大学外国语学院《211翻译硕士英语》[专业硕士]历年真题AI讲解

书籍目录

部分内容

2012年首都师范大学211翻译硕士英语考研真题及详解

Part I. Proofreading and Error
Correction (1*10 POINTS, 15 MINUTES)

Directions: The following passage
contains TEN errors. Each numbered line contains ONE error, in which
only ONE word is involved. Identify each error and correct it in the
following way: copy the wrong word on your ANSWER SHEET and then write
down the correct one. Make sure that you write your answers on the ANSWER
SHEET!

【答案与解析】

1 couragement→courage

（“勇气”的表达为“courage”。）

2 crops→crop

（crop
rotation为固定搭配，意思是“作物轮作”。）

3 than→to

（superior
to为固定搭配，意思是“优于；比……优越”，虽然有比较的意思，但是不能与than搭配。）

4 exist→existence

（in
existence现有的，为固定搭配。）

5 more→more

（easy的比较级为easier，不能用more easier。）

6 the→a

（句意：他首先是一个不知疲倦的好作家。文中并没有提到过关于他是“writer”的其他事情，因此不能用特指。）

7 completed→complete

（completed强调被动含义，然而文中并不需要强调被动，因此应改为complete。）

8 discovering→discovered

（这句话用了被动语态，因此discover应该用被动形式。）

9 declaration→Declaration

（Declaration
of Independence为独立宣言，首字母需大写。）

10 him→his

（完整表达应该是“the task of writing it was his task”，第二个task可以省略。）

Part II. Vocabulary and grammar (1*20
POINTS, 25 MINUTES)

Directions: From the four words or
phrases under each sentence，choose the one that best suits the blank in each sentence.

11 The explanation given by the
congressman yesterday was not at all
_____ to us.

A. satisfy

B. satisfied

C. satisfactory

D. satisfying

【答案】C

【解析】句意：我们对昨天国会议员给出的解释一点儿也不满意。sth. be
satisfactory to sb.某事令某人满意。

12 Primitive superstitions that feed
racism should be_____ through education.

A. ignored

B. exalted

C. eradicated

D. canceled

【答案】C

【解析】句意：助长种族主义的原始迷信必须通过教育根除。eradicate根除，消灭。exalt提升；赞扬。

13 The less the surface of the ground
yields to the weight of the athlete’s body,_____ to the body.

A. the stress it is greater

B. greater is the stress

C. greater stress is

D. the greater the stress

【答案】D

【解析】句意：地表和载满货物卡车的接触面越小，卡车承受的压力就越大。本题考查的是固定用法“the+比较级，the+比较级”，且根据the surface of the
ground可以判断stress前也应该有the。

14 Over a very large number of trials, the
probability of an event _____ is equal to the probability that it will not
occur.

A. occurring

B. to occur

C. occurs

D. occur

【答案】B

【解析】句意：经过大量实验，某件事发生的概率与其不会发生的概率相同。动词不定式做定语,相当于“that
will occur”,与后面的“that it will not occur”相呼应，表示未发生的事。

15 Sadly, while the translation industry
thrives, the practice of translation continues to _____ .

A. stack

B. stage

C. stagnate

D. stamp

【答案】C

【解析】句意：令人遗憾的是，虽然翻译行业蓬勃发展，但是翻译实践仍然停滞不前。stagnate停滞。stack堆积。stamp跺脚；捣碎。

16 Your blunt treatment of disputes would put other people in a
negative frame of _____ with the result that they
would not be able to accept your proposal.

A. mind

B. idea

C. intention

D. wish

【答案】A

【解析】句意：其他人会因你对纠纷的迟钝处理心情不佳，从而不会接受你的提议。frame of mind心情。常用in a good/positive/negative frame of mind。

17 Home to _____ and gangsters, high-rank
officials and low-wage laborers, refugees and artists, the city was, in its
prime, a metropolis that reflected all the hues of the human character.

A. magnates

B. magnets

C. machines

D. magnitudes

【答案】A

【解析】句意：这座城市正处于鼎盛时期，是权贵和歹徒、高级官员和廉价劳动力、难民与艺术家的容身之处，这座城市是一个反映人生百态的大都市。magnate大亨；权贵。magnet磁铁。magnitude大小；量级。

18 Her _____ behavior made everyone
nervous. She was always rushing to open doors and apologizing unnecessarily for
any inconvenience that she might have caused.

A. oblivious

B. observant

C. obsequious

D. obsolescent

【答案】C

【解析】句意：每个人都对她的奉承行为感到不安。她总是抢着开门你，而且总是为她可能造成的不便进行不必要的道歉。obsequious谄媚的。oblivious遗忘的。observant善于观察的。obsolescent荒废的。

19 In order to obtain the needed
information, you should write simply, clearly, and concisely_____ the reader
wants to know.

A. what

B. That

C. so that

D. which

【答案】A

【解析】句意：为了得到所需信息，你应该简洁、清楚而又准确地写出读者们想要知道的。空格处的词既做主句的宾语，又做从句的主语，因而应选what。

20 He was completely _____ by her tale of
hardship.

A. taken away

B. taken down

C. taken in

D. taken up

【答案】C

【解析】句意：他完全被她的苦难故事所欺骗。take in领会；欺骗。take down记下；拆卸。

21 The general _____ everyone else for his
lack of success with any assigned task.

A. accused

B. blamed

C. complained

D. charged

【答案】B

【解析】本题考查动词与介词的搭配。句意：将军因不能自己完成指定任务而指责其他每个人。blame sb. for sth.因某事责备某人。accuse sb. of指责某人做某事。

22 I shall _____ the loss of my wallet in the newspaper, with a reward for the
finder.

A. announce

B. publish

C. advertise

D. inform

【答案】C

【解析】此题考查动词词义辨析。句意：我将在报纸上登广告找我的钱包，捡到者将有奖励。advertise有“(在电视、报刊等)公告、公布”的意思。

23 The designer went ahead with his
unpopular scheme, _____ to
hostile criticism.

A. opposed

B. indifferent

C. sensitive

D. unaware

【答案】B

【解析】句意：设计师继续沿用他那不受欢迎的计划，不在乎恶意批评。indifferent
to不在乎。

24 The teacher was _____ to his trading of
home assignments and his treatment of offenders.

A. lenient

B. merciful

C. pitiful

D. sympathetic

【答案】B

【解析】句意：对于他的家庭作业交易和他对待冒犯者的方式，老师的处理十分仁慈。be merciful to对……仁慈。be sympathetic to对……同情。lenient仁慈的。pitiful可怜的，令人同情的。

25 The snake _____ smoothly through the
luxuriant grass.

A. crept

B. crouched

C. strolled

D. glided

【答案】A

【解析】句意：这条蛇顺利地爬过了茂盛的草地。creep爬行；蠕动。crouch蹲伏。stroll散步。glide滑翔。

26 On labor Day the workers will march in
_____ through the town.

A. process

B. procession

C. progress

D. procedure

【答案】B

【解析】句意：劳动节那天工人们将排队穿过小镇行进。in
procession列队。

27 One problem the local authorities have
to deal with is the _____ of the thousands

of tons of garbage spewed from homes and
factories.

A. disposal

B. dispersal

C. disposition

D. disappearance

【答案】A

【解析】句意：当地政府必须处理的一个问题是如何处置来自住宅与工厂的成千上万吨的垃圾。disposal多指垃圾等的处理。garbage disposal垃圾处理。disposition指事务的处理。dispersal散布。

28 It is the interaction between people, rather than the events
that occur in their lives, _____ the main focus of
social psychology

A. that is

B. that are

C. which is

D. which are

【答案】A

【解析】本句是一个强调句。句意：社会心理学的主要焦点是人与人之间的互动，而不是他们生活中发生的事。

29 Our urge to classify different life forms and give _____ seems to be as old as the human race.

A. us name

B. them name

C. us names

D. them names

【答案】D

【解析】句意：我们将不同生命形式进行分类并命名的欲望似乎同人类历史一样久。

30 _____ ,his wife was happy
to see him back.

A. After traveling 4 weeks on sea

B. After he traveled 4 weeks on sea

C. After 4 weeks’ sea traveling

D. After his 4 weeks’ sea traveling

【答案】D

【解析】句意：他在海上航行四周以后回到了家，他的妻子十分开心。根据句意可知，逗号前后主语不一致，因此逗号前须另带主语，构成独立主格结构。其中，非谓语动词主动用现在分词，被动用过去分词。选项A和C没有另带主语he，因此不正确。B选项中traveled应改为traveling。D选项为名词短语作状语。

Part III. Reading Comprehension (1*30
POINTS, 80 MINUTES )

There are Five passages in this
section. Read each passage and answer the questions given at the end of each
passage. Please write your answer on the ANSWER SHEET!

Passage I

Poor people—the destitute, disease ridden
and malnourished “bottom billion”-live in poor countries. That has been the
central operating assumption of the aid business for a decade.

The thesis was
true in 1990: then, over 90% of the world’s poor lived in the world’s
poorest places. But it looks out of date now. Andy Sumner of Britain’s
Institute of Development Studies reckons that almost three-quarters of the 13
billion-odd people existing below the $125 a day poverty line now live in
middle-income countries. Only a quarter live in the poorest states (mostly in
Africa).

This change
reflects the success of developing countries in hauling themselves out of
misery. In 1998 the World Bank classified 61 countries (out of 203) as
low-income (meaning an annual income per head of less than $760, in money of
that era). In 2009 the number had shrunk to 39 out of 220 India, Pakistan,
Indonesia and Nigeria all moved to middle-income status during that time (China
passed the threshold earlier). But even excluding China and India, the share of
global poverty accounted for by other middle-income countries tripled between
1990 and 2008, to 22%. Other figures support Mr. Sumner’s finding. Of the
world’s undersized children (a good indicator of malnutrition), 70% live in
middle-income countries.

In one sense it
hardly matters to a destitute Nigerian or Indian that his country has been
reclassified by some distant development bank. But it raises hard questions
about whether foreign aid should be for poor people or poor countries. Britain,
for example, has a rule that 90% of aid is supposed to go to the poorest
countries. Aid charities strongly support that focus. The result, as taxpayers’
money runs scarce, is that donors have consigned programmes in middle-income
countries to a “bonfire” says Alex Evans, a former adviser at Britain’s Department for International
Development. Yet these are the countries where the vast majority of the poor
live.

On September
29th, Bob Zoellick of the World Bank called for a profound “change in how we
conduct development research”. President Barack Obama wants a rethink of
America’s muddled aid programme. Mr. Sumner’s data make that look overdue.
Poverty, he says, may be turning from being an international distribution
problem into a national one. Most middle-income countries, through national
conditional-cash-transfer schemes such as Brazil’s Bolsa Familia, have proved better at helping their own
poor than anything invented and financed by the international aid industry.
Giving is easy. Thinking can be a lot harder.

31 Which of the following words has the
closest meaning to “destitute” in Paragraph 1?

A. miserable

B. impoverished

C. unfortunate

D. disastrous

32 The figures in the first three
paragraphs show_____

A. developing countries now rid themselves
of poverty

B. the relation between poor countries and
poor people

C. poor people now do not live in poor
countries

D. although many developing countries are
not listed in low-income countries as before, they are still where most poor
people live

33 What is the problem that exists in
today’s charity implied in Paragraph 4?

A. It is hard to tell whether foreign aid
should be for poor people or poor countries.

B. Foreign aid may not go to the majority
of the poor people who live in the middle-income countries.

C. With less taxpayers’ money donors will
abandon some charity programmes.

D. Poor people don’t live in the poorest
countries.

34 The last paragraph implies _____

A. it’s easy to donate but difficult to
work out the best aid programme to help the poor people

B. international aid programmes should be
cancelled

C. national aid programmes are better than
international schemes

D. it is too late to rethink the muddled
aid programmes

35 A suitable title for the passage would
be _____

A. Poor People and Poor Countries

B. Classifying Developing Countries

C. Measuring Global Poverty

D. Global Aid Programmes

【答案与解析】

31 B destitute的意思为“穷困的”。impoverished穷困的。miserable悲惨的。disastrous灾难性的。

32 C 根据前三段可知，目前贫困人口有近四分之三生活在中等收入国家（发达国家）。只有四分之一生活在最贫穷的国家，这一变化反映了发展中国家摆脱苦难的成功。因此C选项（穷人现在不在贫穷的国家生活）符合题意。

33 C 根据第四段中“The result, as taxpayers’ money runs scarce, is that donors have
consigned programmes in middle-income countries to a ‘bonfire’”可知，随着纳税者的钱减少，导致捐助中等收入国家的方案付之一炬。C选项意思是“由于纳税人的钱减少，捐赠者将放弃一些慈善项目。”，符合题意。

34 A 根据最后一段最后一句“Giving is easy. Thinking can be a lot harder.”可知，选项A正确。

35 A 本文介绍了穷人越来越多地存在与中等收入国家，而不是贫困国家。由此出现了外国援助应该用于贫困国家还是贫困人口的问题。后两段介绍了英国和美国对于这一问题的看法。因此A选项“贫困人口与贫困国家”符合题意。

Passage II

To most people,
vampires exist in old stories and horror movies, not in reality. However, as is
true for many legends, this one may have a basis in fact. Interestingly, it is
modem medical science—not Hollywood—that is giving vampires new life.

According to
neurologist Dr. Juan Gomez-Alonso, the monster made famous by the novel Dracula
can be explained, at least in part, by a simple disease: rabies. Examining
historical records from Europe, Gomez-Alonso discovered that a major outbreak
of rabies struck Europe’s dogs and wolves in the 1700s. After reviewing the
records, he noticed that reports of vampirism frequently occurred at the same time
as the animal infections. To the doctor, this connection was more than a
coincidence.

Researching the
disease, Gomez-Alonso found something shocking: in humans, rabies produces
symptoms that mirror the characteristics of vampires. For instance, about 25
percent of rabid men are known to try to bite other people, especially when in
close quarters with them. In addition, rabies makes victims sensitive to strong
stimulation. As a result, a rabid person would find sunlight or a shiny mirror
painful to see. (12)Such symptoms clearly resemble the legendary vampire’s fear
of daylight and mirrors. (13)Similarly, the strong scent of garlic—believed to
repel vampires—would be agonizing to a rabid person.

As rabies
progresses, sufferers display other symptoms consistent with vampire traits.
For example, rabid people have the frightening tendency to bare their teeth and
produce bloody froth at the mouth. A person with this frothing resembles the
popular image of the “undead” creature with blood dripping from his fangs.
Furthermore, because a sufferer
of rabies would prefer silence and darkness, he would increasingly become more
active at night. (18)As a result, his appearance—especially to uneducated,
superstitious people—could very easily be associated with other “evil”
nocturnal creatures, such as wolves and bats.

In short,
Gomez-Alonso believes that what people in the 1700s thought to be vampirism
might simply have been rabies. Though witnesses misdiagnosed what they saw, the
superstitions they created did contain some truth. The idea that a vampire
could spread his condition to others by biting them is accurate, since rabies
is carried through saliva. And if people really did want to scare a rabid
person away, sunlight, garlic, and shiny mirrors could actually work. Of
course, so would the threat of a wooden stake in the heart!

36 In Paragraph 2, the author implies that
the doctor believed _____

A. rabies could make humans become vampires

B. vampire monsters did, in fact, exist at
this time

C. all reports about rabies and vampires
were false

D. there was a connection between rabies
and the vampire reports

37 The relationship between Sentences 12
and 13 in Paragraph 3 is one of _____

A. comparison

B. contrast

C. illustration

D. cause and effect

38 According to the passage, both rabies
victims and vampires._____

A. gain power from the morning sun

B. tend to bare their teeth

C. like to prey on children more than any
other victims

D. love garlic

39 The word “nocturnal” in Paragraph 4
means_____

A. daytime

B. tame

C. lively

D. nighttime

40 The author suggests in Sentence 18,
Paragraph 4 that_____

A. people enjoyed having bats and wolves
near their homes

B. most people in Europe were unafraid of
creatures that lived in the dark

C. if people were more educated about rabies,
the vampire legend might not have developed

D. most people in Europe in the 1700s were
highly educated

41 The author’s main purpose is to_____

A. entertain readers with gory descriptions
of vampires and their victims

B. persuade readers that vampires still
exist and are to be feared

C. inform readers about the likely
connection between rabies and vampires

D. introduce Dr. Juan Gomez-Alonso5s
achievements

【答案与解析】

36 D 由第二段可知，在欧洲，关于吸血鬼的报道经常与狂犬病爆发的时间相同。因此其二者之间可能有某种联系，D选项正确。

37 A 根据两句之间的连接词“similarly”可知，二者相互对照，因此A选项正确。

38 B 根据倒数第二段，患狂犬病的人与吸血鬼有一些共同的特点，比如“have the frightening tendency to bare their teeth”，因此B选项正确。

39 D 后面例子中狼和蝙蝠都是夜间活动的动物，因此“nocturnal”的意思应为“夜间的”。

40 C 由（18）句可知，狂犬病人的外表——特别是对未受教育、迷信的人——很容易与其他“邪恶”夜行动物(如狼和蝙蝠)联系在一起。因此如果人们受到更多关于狂犬病的教育，吸血鬼传说可能就不会发展起来了。所以C选项符合题意。

41 C 本文介绍了吸血鬼与狂犬病之间的联系，二者的相同症状，指出“吸血鬼”可能是感染了狂犬病的人。因此C选项正确。

Passage III

The close
relationship between poetry and music scarcely needs to be argued. Both are
aural modes which employ rhythm, rime, and pitch as major devices; to these the
one adds linguistic meaning, connotation, and various traditional figures, and
the other can add, at least in theory, all of these plus harmony, counterpoint,
and orchestration techniques. In English the two are closely bound
historically. Anglo-Saxon heroic poetry seems certainly to have been read or
chanted to a harpist’s accompaniment; the verb used in Beowulf for such a
performance, the Finn episode, is singan, to sing, and the noun gyd, song. A
major source of the lyric tradition in English poetry is the songs of the
troubadours.

The distance
between the gyd in Beowulf and the songs of Leonard Cohen or Bob Dylan may seem
great, but is one of time rather than aesthetics. The lyric poem as a literary
work and the lyrics of a popular song are both still essentially the same
thing: poetry. Whether the title of the work be “Gerontion”, or “Hound Dog”, our criteria for evaluating the work must remain the same.

The most important prerequisite for both a
significant poem and significant lyrics in a popular song is that the writer is
faithful to his own personal vision or to the vision of the poem he is writing. Skill and craft for writing poetry are indeed necessary because
these are the only means by which a poet can preserve the integrity of this
vision in the poem. A poet must not, either because of lack of skill or because
of worship of popularity, wealth, or critical acclaim, go outside of his own or
his own poem’s vision-on pain of writing only the derivative or the trivial.
Historically, the writers and singers of the lyrics of popular songs have
seemed often to be incapable of personal vision, and to have confused both
originality and morality with a servile compliance to popular taste.

42 According to the writer, the
relationship between poetry and music _____

A. can be made but in a limited way

B. is a debatable topic

C. needs to be acknowledged more by poets

D. is indisputable if you analyze history

43 The author cites Beowulf in order to
show that _____

A. a song like Beowulf cm sound like a poem

B. the distance between song and poetry is
not so great

C. songs generally evolve into poetry over
time

D. English poetry is highly connected to
songs

44 According to the passage, which of the
following statements is true?

A. The differences between poetry and song
lyrics have been overstated.

B. Song lyrics and poetry must be treated
analytically as the same.

C. The lyrics of a song are no different
from the lyrics of poetry.

D. It is the aesthetics that is different
in most poems and song lyrics.

45 A poem or a song can be significant
when _____

A. the writer has a personal vision of the
poem or song

B. it is done by a faithful writer

C. it is written within the vision of the
poem, song, poet or songwriter

D. the writer is willing to go outside of
the vision

46 The author focuses on _____ in the
passage.

A. the shared, most important evaluation
criteria in songwriting and poetry

B. the origins of songs and poems

C. how to evaluate a poem and a song’s
value from a lyrical standpoint

D. the difference between good poetry and
songs and mediocre ones

【答案与解析】

42 D 根据文章第一段，“The close relationship between poetry and music scarcely needs to be
argued.”因此诗歌与音乐自古就密不可分。D选项正确。

43 D 本文第一段从历史角度说明诗歌与音乐密切相关，其中，举《贝奥武夫》的例子是为了说明本段主题，即英国诗歌与歌曲联系紧密。因此D项为正确答案。

44 B 从第二段“The lyric poem as a literary work and the lyrics of a popular song
are both still essentially the same thing: poetry.”可知，诗歌与歌曲的歌词本质相同。因此B项为正确答案。

45 C 由第三段第一句可知，有意义的诗歌和流行歌曲的歌词二者最为重要的前提都是，作者忠于自己的审美或者所写诗歌的境界。因此C项为正确答案。

46 A 本文介绍了诗歌和音乐之间的密切关系，主要涉及二者共同的重要评价标准。因此A项为正确答案。

Passage IV

Con men may
outsmart people, but they have little originality. They usually rely on
well-established cons known for their success in tricking gullible
people. “The Shell Game” and “the Spanish Prisoner” are two old confidence
tricks that have been updated by con men in the modem world. “

Created in the
Middle Ages, “the Shell Game”
is used to trick people into foolishly betting their money. First, the con man
puts a pea under one of three shells. He then moves the shells around in a
simple fashion, and asks a bystander which shell the pea is under. The answer
seems obvious. However, while the con man is asking, he skillfully moves the
pea to a different shell. When the bystander loses money, several of the con
man’s collaborators, or shills, show the bystander that winning is “easy,” and that he should continue to bet until
he makes money. A modernized version of this same trick,
called the “Three Card Monty,” is now performed with face cards all around the world. The only
difference is that in this version, the victim is asked to find the Queen card
instead of a pea.

“The Spanish
Prisoner” is a confidence trick that relies on a bystander’s greed. In the
traditional trick, a con man approaches a stranger and tells him of a desperate
situation. A very wealthy man has been imprisoned in Spain under a false name,
he says. If the stranger can maintain secrecy, he will be allowed to contribute
money towards the prisoner’s release which will result in a very handsome
reward. Of course, after the gullible victim presents the money, the con man
takes off and is never heard from again. A modem version of this trick called
the “Nigerian Money Transfer Con” solicits victims’ help through mass e-mails.
People are asked to deposit money into an account that will be used to free the
assets of a wealthy foreigner and result in a large reward. Once a victim
responds, he or she may be strung along and asked to make continued deposits
into the account until the victim cannot or will not make any farther
contributions. Needless to say, the deposited money always disappears, along
with the con man.

47 The word “gullible” in Sentence
2 means ______

A. unoriginal

B. stupid

C. overly trusting

D. educated

48 The passage suggests that the reason
the bystander loses at “the Shell Game” is ______

A. the con man moves the shells around so
rapidly that the bystander can’t follow their movements

B. the bystander takes his eyes off the
shells to look at the con man as he speaks

C. one of the con man’s shills secretly
moves the pea to another shell

D. the con man never puts a pea under a
shell in the first place

49 The reason that a bystander will
continue to bet money in “the Shell Game” is that ______

A. the con man’s collaborators convince the
bystander that he will win if he keeps playing

B. ifs fun to play a game of skill,
whatever the outcome

C. the odds are against him losing all the
time

D. the con man encourages him to keep
playing

50 We can infer that those who cheat
people are often called con men because ______

A. many of them are former convicts

B. the tricks they use involve gaining the
confidence of their victims

C. they often have contempt for their
victims

D. they usually engage their victims in
conversation before cheating them

51 The author’s attitude toward the
victims of con men seems to be one of ______

A. compassion

B. forgiveness

C. scorn

D. indifference

52 On the basis of this passage, we can
infer that well-established cons continue to be successful because ______

A. people like to participate in activities
that have a long track record.

B. some people don’t mind being tricked as
long as they are entertained in the process.

C. some people always believe that they can
outsmart a cheater.

D. there will always be greedy and gullible
people in the world, as well as people to take advantage of them.

53 Which statement best expresses the
central point of the passage?

A. Some cons take advantage of the desire
of people to help wealthy foreigners.

B. Modem con men usually rely on versions
of well-established cons to trick gullible people.

C. Gullible people have only themselves to
blame for falling victim to ‘Three Card Monty” and the “Nigerian Money Transfer
Con.”

D. Throughout history, some people have
succeeded in outsmarting others.

【答案与解析】

47 C 根据句意可知，骗子通常欺骗容易轻信别人的人。over trusting意思是轻信的，即易于欺骗的。因此C项正确。

48 B 根据第二段中“while the con man is asking, he skillfully moves the pea to a
different shell”可知，骗子是自己移动豌豆的，而不是其同伴。旁观者输掉的原因是听骗子说话时将眼睛从贝壳上移开。

49 A 文章第二段“When the bystander loses money, several of the con man’s collaborators, or shills, show the bystander that winning is ‘easy’”说明骗子的同伴会向旁观者证明赢很容易，以此让他继续玩下去。因此A符合题意。

50 B 根据第一段最后一句中的“old confidence tricks”可知，这些骗术是利用了受害者对于游戏结果的自信，因此B选项符合题意。

51 D 本文作者客观地介绍了几种骗术即骗子的骗人方法，并没有对受害者表示同情、原谅或者责备，因此D选项符合题意。

52 D 根据全文可知，骗子总是成功的原因是世界上总有贪婪和容易轻信别人的人。因此D选项正确。

53 B 本文主要介绍了几种古老的骗局及其现代形式，因此B选项“现在的骗子总是依靠已经成熟的骗局来欺骗容易轻信他人的人。”正确。

Passage V

With trade
imbalances helping make billionaires of more than a few Chinese, business pages
have been abuzz with the promise of at least one American export to China:
philanthropy.

Warren Buffett
and Bill Gates are visiting China this week to coax commitments to charity out
of their Chinese counterparts. The Americans will be in China to “spread the
word that it’s good to give,”
said a host on America’s National Public Radio. The visit “underscores what
experts say is the relatively immature state of philanthropy in China,” we hear
from the Associated Press.

In fact, Mr.
Buffett and Mr. Gates might as well be bringing gunpowder and fireworks to
China.

The relatively
small amount of charitable giving in modem China is an aberration in the longer
sweep of Chinese history. In late imperial China, bridges, ferries or
schools—what a modem person might see as public or civic facilities—were often
run with charitable land or cash endowments set up by local notables. Village
social-welfare-in the form of
clinics, refugee shelters or soup kitchens—was often paid for and managed by
prominent resident households.

China’s moguls
of the imperial period traded in salt, which like Microsoft software was essential for the imperial
economy, used for everything from cooking, preserving and pickling foods to
tea, leather, paint, medicine and fireworks.

Extraordinary
profits were made by the men with imperial licenses to deal in salt, and this
money was consistently poured back into temple or bridge construction and even
into disaster-relief operations.

These
public-spirited figures came in the form of Li Sixian, who was one of several
sojourning salt merchants in rural north China’s Cang County credited in a
local history with major charitable acts in a 50-year stretch of the 17th
century.

Local official
histories, bound with string,
brittle and yellowed, are
troves of information on China’s charitable past. According to one of these, Li spent 1,000 gold coins—a fortune at the time—on famine relief in 1639,
“saving countless” of the starving, while Wei Qijie, the son of another
sojourning merchant, was said to have donated 10,000 gold coins to feed and
clothe thousands during a drought in 1688

Salt profits
also meant an unconscionable wealth gap between an average laborer and
these merchants, who earned some hundred thousand times more in annual income, a ratio akin to the income disparities in
today’s leading billionaire-producing nations: the United States and China.

One vestige of
traditional Chinese giving that has survived the 20th century is aid within
families. Where lineages were strong, particularly in the south, charitable
estates long provided the schooling and health care of poorer members of
extended families, which could comprise an entire community.

Why is so little
known of China’s charitable past? The buck must stop at the desks of
historians, who have largely failed to properly study and report on this vast
philanthropic legacy.

Chinese
scholarship has only recently begun to focus on this aspect of the Chinese
legacy. So, this week, as Mr. Buffett and Mr. Gates visit China, even Chinese
themselves may associate philanthropy with modernity and the “new China”一despite the fact that, for
centuries, dispensing medicine and winter clothes to the local poor and
setting-up free tea stations on the roadside for the benefit of weary travelers
were all, in a sense, as Chinese as silk and firecrackers.

54 Why does the author mention Microsoft
software in Paragraph 5?

A. To explain why the trade of salt was
important in China’s charitable past.

B. To show the significance of the trade of
salt in the imperial economy in China’s past.

C. To contrast the charity industries
between China and the US.

D. To show its necessity for the imperial
economy.

55 The author takes Li Sixian and Wei
Qijie as examples to illustrate that ______

A. salt merchants made donations to
disaster-relief operations

B. prominent resident households paid for and
managed village social-welfare

C. local notables provided charitable land
or cash endowments to run public or civic facilities

D. historians failed to properly study and
report on philanthropic legacy

56 Which of the following is the closest
in meaning to the word “unconscionable” in Paragraph 9?

A. conscienceless

B. unconscientious

C. outrageous

D. unreasonable

57 Which of the following is NOT true
about China’s charitable past?

A. Some public-spirited figures are
credited in local histories.

B. It has been long established that aid
was given within families.

C. The records of China’s charity are
abundant.

D. Historians failed to do a good job to
study China’s philanthropic legacy.

58 Why is China’s philanthropy being
compared with silk and firecrackers in the last paragraph?

A. It deserves passing on from generation
to generation.

B. It has its distinctive features.

C. It should be modernized and adapted to
the new China.

D. It should be focused on by Chinese
scholarship.

【答案与解析】

54 D 由第五段可知，微软对于帝国的经济是必不可少的。盐贸易对于中国古代的重要性也是如此。因此D选项正确。

55 A 由第六、七、八段可知，二人均拿出自己的钱支持“disaster-relief operations”，因此A选项正确。

56 D “unconscionable”是用来形容普通劳动者与这些商人之间的贫富差距的，由后文可知，二者之间的年收入差距相差十万倍，由此可知这个差距非常大。unreasonable不合理的；过度的。conscienceless没良心的。unconscientious不负责任的。outrageous无耻的。因此D选项符合题意。

57 B 文章倒数第五段说一些旅居的盐商“credited in a local history with major charitable acts”，因此A选项正确。根据倒数第三段中“One vestige of
traditional Chinese giving … is aid within families.”可知中国传统捐赠的一个痕迹是家庭的援助，无法说明中国古代就有家庭援助，因此B选项错误。由文章可知，有很多关于古代商人进行慈善活动的记载，因此C项正确。根据倒数第二段，历史学家“have largely failed to properly study and report on this vast
philanthropic legacy”，因此D选项正确。

58 D 根据最后一段可知，中国的慈善事业跟丝绸和鞭炮一样“Chinese”，即同样都是宝贵的传统遗产，因此也值得中国学者的关注。

Part IV. Writing (40 POINTS, 60 MINUTES)

Directions:

Youth is not a time of life, it is a
state of mind.

How do you understand this sentence? Please
write a short essay on the ANSWER SHEET with at least 300 wordswithin
the given time.

【参考范文】

It is not merely
the young who possesses youth. Youth is a state of mind instead of just a time
of life. Courage, confidence and the eager for adventure make up of youth.

Youth is a
hopeful, fearless state of mind. Because of youth, we dare to challenge the
world; We have boundless energy and can pursue our dreams persistently. We are
not afraid of the road ahead of thorns or heavy and obstacles. A
60-year-old man may have more of this temperament than a 20-year-old man. It is
not the pass of time that makes a man turn old, but that he gives up his dream. Time
may wrinkle the skin, but to lose enthusiasm wrinkles the soul.

Confidence is
also an indispensible factor of youth. Some people are young but have a temperament of gloomy. Worry,
fear and self-distrust bows one’s heart and turn him into a walking dead. Whether
60 or 16, each person should be able to be attracted by novelty and has endless
desire for all things for the future and life. The new-born
calf is not afraid of the tiger. Some people become afraid of many things as
they become older. But this means that you may lose opportunities to expose to
interesting things and success.

Besides courage
and confidence, the eager for adventure is another essential symbol of youth.
As a Chinese saying goes,
“An old steed in the stable still aspires to gallop a
thousand li. An old hero still cherishes high aspirations.” Whether you are a
teenager or grey-hair, youth belongs to everyone with the desire to adventure
and to show himself.
Taking risks is a positive attitude to life and an
upward force that keeps pace with the time. Those who dare not take risks, seek
to survive in familiar patterns.

Youth is a temperament
of courage, confidence and eager for adventure. As long as you fight like a
young man, you will have youth, no matter how old you are.

【解析】本题要求就“青春不是一个生命时期，而是一种心态。”写一篇文章。

范文在第一段点明了青春的三个重要因素是勇气、自信与敢于冒险的态度。第二、三、四段分别对这三个因素进行了解释与论证。最后一段重申了自己的观点。

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