北京航空航天大学357英语翻译基础考研真题及辅导用书

考研真题

1. 北京航空航天大学外国语学院《357英语翻译基础》历年考研真题汇总（含部分答案）

2. 2026年翻译硕士《357英语翻译基础》考研真题与典型题

考研指导书

1. 郭著章《英汉互译实用教程》（第4版）配套题库（含考研真题）

北京航空航天大学外国语学院《357英语翻译基础》历年考研真题汇总（含部分答案）

书籍目录

部分内容

2010年北京航空航天大学《357英语翻译基础》考研真题及详解

第一部分：将下列术语翻译成中文，并用中文简单解释（本题共15分，每一题1分）。

1 corpus

【答案】语料库（翻译研究中传统上沿用的术语，指较小规模的文本集合，（其中有些部分）供人工从中搜索特征中有趣的范例。）

2 commission

【答案】委托（弗米尔在译者行动框架内使用的术语，指译者在做出目标文本时所遵循的工作要求。委托可以指来自客户或其他第三方一系列明确的指令和要求。）

3 adequacy

【答案】充分性（某些译评者讨论源文本与目标文本关系属性时所采用的术语。）

4 compensation

【答案】补偿（当源语中某些表达方式在目标语中无法找到对应的词句，这就需要译者在翻译中始终要有跨文化意识，灵活运用增译和补译，从而减轻译文受众的理解障碍。）

5 direct translation

【答案】直接翻译（一些学者使用的术语（如图里），指目标文本直接产生于最初源文本而非转译自另一篇用其他语言所作中介译文的翻译程序。）

6 dubbing

【答案】配音（用来指翻译试听材料（如电影，电视节目）的两种主要翻译技巧之一。）

7 terminology

【答案】术语（指与任何科技领域相关的话语中所存在的大量的专业词汇。）

8 transliteration

【答案】音译（按照卡特福德的解释，指“源语字形单位被目标语字形单位替代”的过程。）

9 FIT

【答案】国际翻译家联盟（翻译者组织的协会，于1953年成立于巴黎。）

10 addition

【答案】增补法（根据译文的语法结构、表达习惯、语义连贯和修辞的需要，增加一些原文中虽无其词却有其义的一些词句，从而更忠实通顺地表达原文的思想内容。）

11 sublanguage

【答案】子语言（机器翻译语境中采用的术语，指“专业技术领域使用或为了专业目的而使用的语言。”）

12 translatability

【答案】可译性（用于讨论在多大程度上，单个词，词组或者整个文本可以从一种语言译成另一种语言的术语。）

13 MT

【答案】机器翻译（是利用计算机把一种自然源语言转变为另一种自然目标语言的过程，一般指自然语言之间句子和全文的翻译。）

14 version

【答案】改译（译者在内容方面的微小变动抑或是文体方面的大变动，以期来满足翻译目的的行为。）

15 transcription

【答案】注音（指原文形式（如语音，字母或单词）在目标文本中保持不变的一种语际转换的一般性术语。）

第二部分：将下列术语翻译成英文，并用英文简单解释（本题共15分，每一题1分）。

1 重写

【答案】rewriting (André Lefevere thought translation, analects, literature review, adaptation from TV and film scripts and so on all are a form of rewriting. André Lefevere’s theory of “rewriting” has exerted great influences on translation studies.)

2 翻译单位

【答案】translation unit (It is the minimal stretch of language that has to be translated together, as one unit.)

3 地道翻译

【答案】idiomatic translation (Idiomatic translation makes every effort to communicate the meaning of the source language text in the natural forms of the receptor language.)

4 词对词翻译

【答案】word-for-word translation (Word-for-word translation, also known as literal translation, refers to translate a sentence originally, keep the original message form, including construction of sentence, meaning of the original words, metaphor of the original and so on.)

5 对应

【答案】correspondence (Correspondence is a term used to refer to the relationship which exists between elements of source language and target language that are in some way considered to be counterparts of each other.)

6 工具型翻译

【答案】Instrumental translation (Instrumental translation functions as an instrument of communication in its own right, it works independently of a source text, and is judged on how well it expresses its message.)

7 归化

【答案】Domesticating translation (Domesticating translation refers to the translation strategy in which a transparent, fluent style is adopted in order to minimize the strangeness of the foreign text for target language readers.)

8 回译

【答案】Back Translation (Back Translation is the process of translating a document that has already been translated into a foreign language back to the original language.)

9 会议传译

【答案】Conference interpreting (Conference interpreting is a term used to refer to the type of interpreting which occurs in international conferences as well as other high-profile settings such as lectures, television broadcasts or summit meetings.)

10 伪朋友

【答案】False friends (False friends are used to describe source language and target language items which have the same or very similar by different meanings, and which consequently give rise to difficulties in translation (and indeed interlingual communication in general).)

11 经纪人

【答案】agent (An agent is a term used by Sager to the person who is “it an intermediary position between a translator and an end user of a translation”.)

12 可接受性

【答案】acceptability (Acceptability is a term used by Toury to denote one of the two tendencies which can be observed in translated texts.)

13 目的语

【答案】target language (A target language is a language into which a text written in another language is to be translated.)

14 受控语言

【答案】controlled language (A controlled language is defined by Arnold as “a specifically simplified version of a language.”)

15 文体对等

【答案】stylistic equivalence (Stylistic equivalence is a kind of functional equivalence. When translating, you should try to keep the style unchanged.)

第三部分：英译汉（本题共60分，第一段25分，第二段35分）。

1

Even discussions of architectural esthetics have taken a strange turn. The Bloomberg Tower is now finished, dominating the skyline in one area of midtown Manhattan; love it or hate it, it’s quite a building. “I just wish it wasn’t so tall”, someone lamented at dinner.

The citizens of New York, who live in the spiritual home of the skyscraper, now fear the office tower and the high-rise. In San Francisco they build structures that are earth-quakeproof. But there’s no structural steel, no reinforced foundation that can ward off fear.

It’s been nearly five years since an area in the southernmost part of Manhattan was renamed Ground Zero. On September 11, 2001, New York became a city of survivors. That’s on a sliding scale, of course: it would be an insult to claim otherwise.

【参考译文】

甚至关于建筑美学的讨论都发生了奇怪的转变。布隆伯格塔现在已经竣工，遮住了曼哈顿中心城区一个地区的天际线。不管人们喜不喜欢，这都是一个很棒的建筑。“我只是希望它不这么高”，有人在餐桌上遗憾地表示。

生活在满是摩天大楼的精神家园里的纽约公民们，现在很害怕这种办公塔楼和高层建筑。在旧金山，人们建造了防震的建筑。不过，没有哪种建筑钢材和加固的地基能够让人们不再恐惧。

自从曼哈顿的最南端被重新命名为“归零地带”以来，差不多五年时光已经过去了。在2001年9月11日，纽约成为了幸存者的城市，当然，这是按照比例计算的。其他的说法都只会是一种侮辱。

2

Every country with a monetary system of its own has to have some kind of market in which dealers in bills, notes, and other forms of short term credit can buy and sell. The “money market”, is a set of institutions or arrangements for handling what might be called wholesale transactions in money and short term credit. The need for such facilities arises in much the same way that a similar need does in connection with the distribution of any of the products of a diversified economy to their final users at the retail level. If the retailer is to provide reasonably adequate service to his customers, he must have active contacts with others who specialize in making or handing bulk quantities of whatever is his stock in trade. The money market is made up of specialized facilities of exactly this kind. It exists for the purpose of improving the ability of the retailers of financial services—commercial banks, savings institutions, investment houses, lending agencies, and even governments—to do their job. It has little if any contact with the individuals or firms who maintain accounts with these various retailers or purchase their securities or borrow from them.

【参考译文】

每一个拥有独立金融系统的国家都应该有这样的市场：在这里，汇票、期票和其他形式的短期信贷可以进行买卖。“金融市场”就是一组用钱和短期信贷进行批发交易的机构或协议。将多样化经济中的产品在零售层面分配给最终用户需要许多便利设施，同样在批发层面对这类设施的需求也在快速增长。如果零售商要为他的客户提供充足的服务，他必须主动同大量制造及买卖他所要存货物品的其他商人接触。金融市场就是由这种专门的设施、组织组成的。其存在的目的是为了帮助金融服务行业——金融银行、储蓄机构、投资公司、信贷中介、甚至政府——的零售商们提高能力，以做好他们的工作。它与那些在不同零售商那里开立账户或购买它们的有价证券或借贷的个人或公司几乎没有什么联系。

第四部分：汉译英（本题共60分，第一段40分，第二段20分）。

1

1957年10月苏联成功发射第一颗人造卫星，揭开了人类历史由地球迈向太空的第一页。此后短短半个世纪里，人类的外空探索活动突飞猛进，取得了辉煌的成就。人类不仅成功登陆月球，而且还将研究的触手伸向火星等更为遥远的星球。截止到2006年底，环绕地球飞行的各类人造物体，包括人造卫星、航天飞机、国际空间站、空间实验室等接近6000个。

【参考译文】

On October, 1957, the Soviet Union successfully launched the first artificial satellite, which turned the first page in human history of entering the space. During the half century coming after, humans’ explorations in outer space have grown by leaps and bounds and have made brilliant achievements. Humans not only successfully landed on the moon, but also reached toward even more distant planet such as Mars. At the end of 2006, the number of the various types of artificial objects flying around the Earth, including satellites, space shuttles, international space stations, space laboratories, etc. is already close to 6,000.

2

博鳌论坛的经历给了刘晓宁不小的打击，生活上的拮据让她开始反思自己做公务员两年多的经历。都说公务员舒服，但刘晓宁每天的工作时间都在10小时以上，加班到晚上八九点钟，是很正常的事。如果有活动，赶工到夜里l2点，也是家常便饭。

【参考译文】

The experience in Boao Forum is not a small blow to Liu Xiaoning. The bare livelihood forced her to reflect on her life as a civil servant for more than two years. Everyone says that civil servants enjoy a comfortable life, but Xiaoning works more than 10 hours every day. Working overtime until eight or nine in the evening is perfectly normal. When there are activities, staying up to l2 at night is also not uncommon.

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