广西民族大学622基础英语考研真题及辅导用书

考研真题

1. 广西民族大学外国语学院《622基础英语》历年考研真题汇总（含部分答案）

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考研指导书

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广西民族大学外国语学院《622基础英语》历年考研真题汇总（含部分答案）

书籍目录

部分内容

2012年广西民族大学《622基础英语》考研真题及详解

Ⅰ. Vocabulary (20 points)

Directions: There are 20 sentences in this part. Each sentence has a word or
phrase underlined. Below each sentence are four other words or phrases. You are
to choose the one word or phrase which would best keep the meaning of the
original sentence and write down the letter on your
answer sheet.

1 I didn’t
stop at John’s house because he had visitors, and I didn’t
want to butt in.

A.
incur

B.
intrude

C.
infer

D.
intercept

【答案】B

【解析】句意：我没有在约翰家停下，因为他家有客人，我不想贸然闯入。butt in闯进。incur招致，引发。intrude闯入，侵扰。两者意义最接近。infer推断。intercept拦截。因此，本题的正确答案为B。

2 The author dedicated the book to his son.

A.
inscribed

B.
submerged

C.
promoted

D.
reassured

【答案】A

【解析】句意：作者把这本书献给他的儿子。dedicate致力于，题献。inscribe题写。两者意义最接近。submerge潜入水中。promote推销。reassure消除疑虑。因此，本题的正确答案为A。

3 When you are hungry, you will devour what is up before
you.

A.
gulp

B.
enhance

C.
defray

D.
doze

【答案】A

【解析】句意：当你饥肠辘辘的时候，你会狼吞虎咽面前的食物。devour吞咽。gulp狼吞虎咽。两者意义最接近。enhance提高。defray支付。doze打盹。因此，本题的正确答案为A。

4 We’d better wait inside until
the storm subsides.

A. transmits

B. distorts

C. migrates

D. diminishes

【答案】D

【解析】句意：暴风雨减弱之前我们最好在室内等着。subside减弱，平息。transmit传输。distort扭曲。migrate迁移。diminish变小。两者意义最接近。因此，本题的正确答案为D。

5 The union and the company have come to terms on a new
contract.

A.
brought to an end

B.
called on

C.
reached an agreement on

D.
terminated

【答案】C

【解析】句意：这个协会与该公司达成了一项新的协议。come
to terms达成协议。bring sth to an end结束。reach an agreement达成协议。两者意义最接近。terminate终止。因此，本题的正确答案为C。

6 Several dissenting statements were made.

A.
lengthy

B.
novel

C.
unanticipated

D.
opposing

【答案】D

【解析】句意：人们发表了一些各不相同的意见。dissenting不同意的。lengthy冗长的。novel新奇的。unanticipated未预料到的。opposing反对的。两者意义最接近。因此，本题的正确答案为D。

7 Speaking the truth, he is really stubborn.

A. indignant

B. obstinate

C. ambitious

D. prodigal

【答案】B

【解析】句意：说实话，他真的太固执了。stubborn顽固的。indignant愤愤不平的。obstinate顽固的，倔强的。两者意义最接近。ambitious雄心勃勃的。prodigal挥霍的。因此，本题的正确答案为B。

8 John is interested in and clever at many different things, so he
is all-around.

A. vertical

B. versatile

C. verdant

D. vernal

【答案】B

【解析】句意：约翰对许多事情都颇有兴致，头脑也很灵活。all-around全面的。vertical垂直的。versatile多才多艺的。两者意义最接近。verdant翠绿的。vernal春天的。因此，本题的正确答案为B。

9 Because it was very contagious, everyone in the family
came down with the disease.

A.
superfluous

B.
paternal

C.
sanitary

D.
infectious

【答案】D

【解析】句意：因为这是传染性疾病，所以家里每个人都被感染了。contagious有传染性的。superfluous过多的。paternal父亲般的。sanitary清洁的。infectious有传染性的。两者意义最接近。因此，本题的正确答案为D。

10 If something can be easily seen, we say that it is conspicuous.

A. picturesque

B. desolate

C. vigorous

D. eminent

【答案】D

【解析】句意：如果某事很容易被注意到，我们就称它十分显眼。conspicuous显眼的。picturesque风景如画的。desolate荒凉的。vigorous精力充沛的。eminent有名的。两者意义最接近。因此，本题的正确答案为D。

11 The judge’s decision was appealed.

A. applauded

B. unexpected

C. appropriate

D. challenged

【答案】D

【解析】句意：裁判的决议被群众上诉。appeal上诉，呼吁。applaud称赞。unexpected出乎意料的。appropriate合适的。challenged受到挑战的。两者意义最接近。因此，本题的正确答案为D。

12 As an artist, Jim is certainly an amateur, for he has had
no training.

A. a senior

B. an alien

C. a layman

D. a steward

【答案】C

【解析】句意：作为一名艺术家，吉姆当然是一个业余爱好者，因为他没有接受过培训。amateur业余爱好者。an alien外星人。a layman门外汉。两者意义最接近。a steward一名管家。因此，本题的正确答案为C。

13 That is a very interesting hypothesis.

A. assumption

B. announcement

C. conclusion

D. comment

【答案】A

【解析】句意：那真是一个有趣的假设。hypothesis假设。assumption假定。两者意义最接近。announcement宣布。conclusion结论。comment评论。因此，本题的正确答案为A。

14 The agreement between them has been made.

A. contention

B. concord

C. conjunction

D. commune

【答案】B

【解析】句意：他们之间达成了协议。agreement协议。contention竞争。concord一致。两者意义最接近。conjunction结合。commune公社。因此，本题的正确答案为B。

15 The warranty period is one year.

A. initial

B. trial

C. guarantee

D. maximum

【答案】C

【解析】句意：保修期为一年。warranty担保。initial最初的。trial试验的。guarantee保证。两者意义最接近。maximum最小的。因此，本题的正确答案为C。

16 During the weekends, they wander idly without purpose in
the street.

A. ramble

B. rumble

C. fumble

D. clamp

【答案】A

【解析】句意：周末时，他们在街上毫无目的地闲逛。wander idly without purpose毫无目的地闲逛。ramble漫步。两者意义最接近。rumble发出隆隆声。fumble笨拙地做。clamp夹紧。因此，本题的正确答案为A。

17 Many sick persons stayed in hospital waiting for the
doctor.

A. scavengers

B. invalids

C. cronies

D. deacons

【答案】B

【解析】句意：许多病人在医院等待医生的就诊。sick person病人。scavenger清扫工。invalid病人。两者意义最接近。crony密友。deacon执事。因此，本题的正确答案为B。

18 Mr. Harris has been in a coma for several days.

A. very angry

B. unconscious

C. distracted

D. very busy

【答案】B

【解析】句意：哈利先生已经昏迷几天了。in a coma昏迷不醒。very angry非常生气的。unconscious无意识的。两者意义最接近。distracted分心的。very busy十分忙碌的。因此，本题的正确答案为B。

19 They finally agreed unwillingly.

A. consorted

B. consoled

C. consigned

D. conceded

【答案】D

【解析】句意：他们最终十分不情愿地同意了。agree unwillingly不情愿地同意。consort结交。console安慰。consign托付。concede让步。两者意义最接近。因此，本题的正确答案为D。

20 The returning of his illness surprised us.

A. relay

B. relapse

C. refrain

D. refund

【答案】B

【解析】句意：他的病情复发让我们十分惊讶。relay转播。returning
of illness旧病复发。relapse再度恶化。两者意义最接近。refrain克制。refund退款。因此，本题的正确答案为B。

Ⅱ. Reading Comprehension: (80 points)

Directions: The following two passages are followed by
some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four
choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice and write
down the letter on your answer sheet.

Passage 1 (10 points, 2 points each)

The standardized
educational or psychological tests, that are widely used to aid in selecting,
classifying, assigning, or promoting students, employees, and military personnel
have been the target of recent attacks in books, magazines, the daily press,
and even in Congress. The target is wrong, for in attacking the tests, critics
turn attention from the fault that lies with ill-informed or incompetent users.
The tests themselves are merely tools, with characteristics that can be
measured with reasonable precision under specified condition. Whether the
results will be valuable, meaningless, or even misleading depends partly upon
the tool itself but largely upon the user.

All informed
predictions of future performance are based upon some knowledge of relevant
past performance. How well the predictions will be supported by later
performance depends upon the amount, reliability, and appropriateness of
information used and on the skill and wisdom with which it is interpreted.
Anyone who keeps careful score knows that the information available is always
incomplete and that the predictions are always subject to error.

Standardized
tests should be considered in this context. They provide a quick, objective
method of getting some kinds of information about what a person has learned,
the skills he has developed, or the kind of person he is the information so
obtained has, qualitatively, the same advantages and shortcomings as other
kinds of information. Whether to use tests, other kinds of information, or both
in a particular situation depends, therefore, upon the evidence from
experience, and upon such factors as cost and availability.

1 What is the author’s attitude towards standardized tests?

A. Negative

B. Positive

C. Slightly
critical

D. Both A and B

2 Why is the target of attacks considered
to be wrong?

A. Because the
standardized tests are criticized by too many magazines.

B. Because the
problems of the tests should not be referred to Congress.

C. Because one
fails to notice test users’ lack of knowledge.

D. Because
attacks shouldn’t be made by incompetent
users.

3 “All informed predictions” in Paragraph
2 means all predictions that ______.

A. are based on
sound knowledge of the tests

B. are based on
information from the mass media

C. are made by
government agencies

D. are made by
testes

4 One’s
predictions are never 100% accurate because ______.

A. the predictor
may not be wise enough

B. the predictor
may not have sufficient experience

C. the predictor
never receives complete information

D. the
information received is subject to errors

5 According to the author, what is the
context in which standardized tests should be considered?

A. They provide
a quick objective method.

B. They get
information about a particular person.

C. They provide
good quality information.

D. They may be
partly incorrect.

【答案与解析】

1B  文章第一段第二句提到“The target is wrong”，表明作者对社会上抨击标准化考试这一行为不赞同。第一段最后一句“Whether the results will be valuable, meaningless, or even misleading
depends partly upon the tool itself but largely upon the user”表明作者认为考试结果大部分取决于做题者。由此可知作者对标准化考试持肯定态度。故选B。

2C  文章第一段作者提到“The target is wrong, for in attacking the tests, critics turn
attention from the fault that lies with ill-informed or incompetent users”。由此可知，人们批评标准化考试是错误的，原因就在于他们把注意力从消息不灵通，自身实力欠佳的人转移开了。也就是忽视了做题者的知识储备不足这一事实。故选C。

3A  文章第二段开头提到“All informed predictions of future performance are based upon some
knowledge of relevant past performance”。由此可知，所有的知情的预测是根据过去相关表现得出的。也就是过去学习中知识的积累，即对测试题的扎实知识储备。故选A。

4C  文章第二段最后一句提到“Anyone who keeps careful score knows that the information available
is always incomplete and that the predictions are always subject to error”。意思为“任何保持谨慎评分的人都知道，可用的信息总是不完整的，而且预测总是容易出错。”由此可知，我们接受的信息总是不完整的。故选C。

5C  文章最后一段开头就提到标准化考试应考虑的背景。第二句提到“… he is the information so obtained has, qualitatively, the same
advantages and shortcomings as other kinds of information…”。由此可知，标准化测试应该提供关于测试者有质量的信息。故选C。

Passage 2 (10 points, 2 points for each)

When Liam McGee
departed as president of Bank of America in August, his explanation was
surprisingly straight up. Rather than cloaking his exit in the usual vague
excuses, he came right out and said he was leaving “to pursue my goal of
running a company.” Broadcasting his ambition was “very much my decision,”
McGee says. Within two weeks, he was talking for the first time with the board
of Hartford Financial Services Group, which named him CEO and chairman on
September 29.

McGee says
leaving without a position lined up gave him time to reflect on what kind of
company he wanted to run. It also sent a clear message to the outside world
about his aspirations. And McGee isn’t alone.
In recent weeks the No.2 executives at Avon and American Express quit with the
explanation that they were looking for a CEO post. As boards scrutinize
succession plans in response to shareholder pressure, executives who don’t get the nod also may wish to move on. A turbulent
business environment also has senior managers cautious of letting vague
pronouncements cloud their reputations.

As the first
signs of recovery begin to take hold, deputy chiefs may be more willing to make
the jump without a net. In the third quarter, CEO turnover was down 23% from a
year ago as nervous boards stuck with the leaders they had, according to Liberum
Research. As the economy picks up, opportunities will abound for aspiring
leaders.

The decision to
quit a senior position to look for a better one is unconventional. For years
executives and headhunters have adhered to the rule that the most attractive
CEO candidates are the ones who must be poached. Says Korn/Ferry senior
partner Dennis Carey: “I can’t think of a single search I’ve done where a board has not instructed me to look at sitting
CEOs first.”

Those who jumped
without a job haven’t always landed in top
positions quickly. Ellen Marram quit as chief of Tropicana a decade age, saying
she wanted to be a CEO. It was a year before she became head of a tiny
Internet-based commodities exchange. Robert Willumstad left Citigroup in 2005
with ambitions to be a CEO. He finally took that post at a major financial
institution three years later.

Many recruiters
say the old disgrace is fading for top performers. The financial crisis has
made it more acceptable to be between jobs or to leave a bad one. “The traditional rule was it’s
safer to stay where you are, but that’s been
fundamentally inverted,” says one headhunter. “The people who’ve
been hurt the worst are those who’ve stayed
too long.”

6 When McGee announced his departure, his manner can best be described
as being ______

A. arrogant.

B. frank.

C.
self-centered.

D. impulsive.

7 According to Paragraph 2, senior executives’ quitting may be spurred by ______

A. their
expectation of better financial status.

B. their need
to reflect on their private life.

C. their
strained relations with the boards.

D. their
pursuit of new career goals.

8 The word “poached” (Line 2, Paragraph 4) most probably means
______

A. approved of.

B. attended to.

C. hunted for.

D. guarded
against.

9 It can be inferred from the last paragraph that ______

A. top
performers used to cling to their posts.

B. loyalty of
top performers is getting out-dated.

C. top
performers care more about reputations.

D. it’s safer to stick to the traditional rules.

10 Which of the following is the best title for the text?

A. CEOs: Where
to Go?

B. CEOs: All
the Way Up?

C. Top Managers
Jump without a Net

D. The Only Way
Out for Top Performers

【答案与解析】

6B  文章第一段第二句提到“Rather than cloaking his
exit in the usual vague excuses, he came right out and said he was leaving “to
pursue my goal of running a company”表明McGee在说明辞职理由时是十分坦率的，并没有含糊其辞。故选B。

7D  文章第二段提到McGee辞职是因为想要开自己的公司。雅芳和美国运通的第二位高管辞职是因为他们想要担任CEO职位。根据题干中的关键词“senior executives’ quitting”寻找原因：文章中很明确的提出“with the explanation that they were looking for a CEO post”。故选D。

8C  文章第四段提到“I can’t think of a single search I’ve done where a board has not instructed me to look at sitting
CEOs first”意思为“我所做的每一次的招聘中，董事会都要求我从那些在任的CEO中寻找人选”。这表明那些人都是要去挖的，那么对应的单词就是“hunt
for”了。故选C。

9A  文章最后一段的这句话“The traditional rule was it’s safer to stay where you are, but that’s been fundamentally inverted”表明过去高管们不轻易离职。故选A。

10C 该题的强烈的干扰项是A和B选项，原因在于CEO在文中出现了很多次CEO很容易被误认为主体词。文章的主体词其实是“top manager”。CEO只是他们想去成为，而不是现在就是。去掉A和B以后，C和D 相比答案就比较容易了。只是要理解“net”就是替换了“new job”。故选C。

Passage 3

Read the following passages carefully
and then explain in your own English the exact meaning of the numbered and
underlined parts. (30
points, 3 points for each)

(1) Being
angry increases the risk of injury, especially among men, new research says.
The researchers gathered data on more than 2,400 accident victims at three
Missouri hospitals. They interviewed each subject to determine the patient’s emotional state just before the injury and 24
hours earlier, gathering data on whether the patients felt irritable, angry or
hostile, and to what degree. Then they compared the results with a control
group of uninjured people.

(2) Despite
widespread belief in “road rage,” anger did not correlate with injuries from
traffic accidents.(3) Not surprisingly, anger was strongly associated
with injuries inflicted deliberately. But other injuries—those neither
intentionally inflicted nor from falls or traffic accidents—also showed strong
associations with anger.

(4) The
correlations were significantly weaker for women than for men, but there were
no differences by race.The authors acknowledge that their data depend on
self-reports, which are not always reliable.

(5) Why anger
correlates with injury is not known. “I can speculate that the anger may
have prompted some behavior that led to the injury, or may have simply
distracted the person, leading indirectly to the injury,” said the study’s lead author.

(6) It is
useful to remember that history is to the nation as memory is to the
individual.As persons deprived of memory become disoriented and lost, not
knowing where they have been and where they are going, so a nation denied a
conception of the past will be disabled in dealing with its present and its
future.

【答案与解析】

1 According to a new research, getting angry increases the chances
of getting physically hurt, particularly for male.

（该句意思是“新的研究表示，生气会增加受伤的风险，特别是在男性中”。injury在文中指的是身体上受的伤。）

2 Even if people generally believe that people easily get angry
when driving on the road, anger didn’t have
much to do with injuries with traffic accidents.

（该句意思是“尽管人们普遍相信‘路怒症’这一概念，但是愤怒与交通事故伤害没有关系”。“road rage”释义为“people easily get angry when driving on the road”。）

3 It is not at all surprising that anger is an important reason for
people to cause injuries intentionally.

（该句意思为“愤怒与故意造成的伤害密切相关，这一点毫不奇怪”。“deliberately”可以释义为“intentionally”。）

4 We see this strong link between anger and injury more in men than
in women, but different races of people did not show much variation.

（该句句意为“愤怒与受伤之间的联系在男性身上更为明显，但是种族之间并没有多大差别”。“significantly”为程度副词。）

5 People don’t know why anger is
associated with injury.

（该句句意为“人们不知道愤怒与受伤为何存在联系”。）

6 It is of great help to keep in mind that the function of history
to a nation equals to that of memory to an individual.

（该句句意为“历史之于国家就像记忆之于个人，记住这一点是很有用的”。“sth. is to…as sth. is to…”意为“equal to”。）

Passage 4

Read the following passages carefully
and then explain in your own English the exact meaning of the numbered and
underlined parts. (30
points, 3 points for each)

History is the best antidote to delusions of omnipotence and
omniscience. (7)Self-knowledge is the indispensable prelude to
self-control, for the nation as well as for
the individual. History should forever remind us of
the limits of our passing perspectives. It should strengthen us to resist the
pressure to convert momentary impulses into moral absolutes. It should lead us
to recognition of the fact, so often and so sadly displayed, that the future
outwits all our certitudes and that the possibilities of the future are more
various than the human intellect is designed to conceive.

(8)A nation informed by a vivid
understanding of the ironies of history is best equipped to manage the tragic
temptations of military power. Let us not bully our way through life,
but let a sensitivity to history temper and civilize our use of power. In the
meantime, let a thousand historical flowers bloom. (9) History is never a
closed book or a final verdict. It is forever in the interests of an ideology,
a religion, a race, and a nation.

The great strength
of history is its capacity for self-correction. This is the endless excitement
of historical writing: the search to reconstruct what went before. (10) A
nation’s history must be both the guide and
the domain not so much of its historians as its citizens.

【答案与解析】

7 To know oneself very well is the necessary first step before one
can control oneself. This is true for both the nation and the individual.

（该句句意为“无论是国家还是个人，自我认识是自我控制必不可的前提”。“prelude”意为“前奏”，可释义为“the first step”。）

8 A nation that is fully aware of the twists and turns of history
has the power to resist using military power, which will bring tragic results.

（该句句意为“只有详细了解自己过去的苦难史的国家禁得起使用军事武器的诱惑，而使用军事武器会带来悲剧”。“irony”意为“讽刺”，在此可释义为“twists and turns。）

9 History is never final but open to revision. People can always
rewrite history.

（该句句意为“历史绝不是封闭的书和最后的裁决”。“never a
closed…”可以释义为肯定句。）

10 Not only people who study history should take a nation’s history as their guide and field of study, but
the ordinary citizens should also do so.

（该句句意为“一个国家的历史既应该是历史学家，也更应该是人们的向导和学习领域”。“not so much as”意为“与其说是……倒不如说是……”。）

Ⅲ.
General knowledge (20 points,)

A. Fill in each blank with a suitable word which
should be written on the answer sheet. (10 points, 1 for each)

1 The distinctive phonemic features that occur
above the level of the segments are called suprasegmental features, which
include ________, _______, and ________.

【答案】stress, tone, intonation

【解析】超音段特征，传统也称节律（suprasegmental）。这是除元音、辅音等音色特征以外，包括音高、音强、音长和其相互关系的一切特征。它们在语音学中表现为声调、语调、重音。

2 In the predication analysis, the basic unit
is called predication, which is the abstraction of the meaning of a sentence.
It consists of _______ and _______.

【答案】argument, predicate

【解析】述谓分析是由Leech提出的一种分析句子语义的手段。句子由主语、谓语构成，是语法分析的基本单位。述谓是句子语义分析的基本单位，是句子的抽象语义内容。述谓是由论元（argument）和谓词（predicate）构成。一个论元是一个述谓的逻辑参与者，与一个句子中的一个或数个名词性成分大体一致。一个谓词是关于论元的陈述，或说明一个句子的论元间的逻辑关系。

3 According to Austin’s new model, a speaker
might be performing three acts simultaneously when speaking: ________,
_________and ________.

【答案】locutionary act; illocutionary act; perlocutionary act.

【解析】言语行为理论（Speech Act
Theory），言语行为理论是语言语用研究中的一个重要理论。它最初是由英国哲学家约翰·奥斯汀在20世纪50年代提出的。根据言语行为理论，我们说话的同时是在实施某种行为。根据言语行为理论，说话者说话时可能同时实施三种行为：言内行为，言外行为和言后行为。

4 According to cognitive linguistics, conceptual ______ and conceptual
metonymy are cognitive models.

【答案】metaphor

【解析】隐喻和转喻都是认知模式的基本类型，两者都以经验为理据，并用于某些语用目的。把隐喻和转喻作为“模式”强调了它作为稳定的“认知装备”（cognitive equipment）的一部分，即隐喻和转喻应是我们人类范畴系统的稳定成分。

5 “Care” is the ______ of the word
“carelessness”.

【答案】root word

【解析】词的意义主要是由组成单词的词根（root word）体现出来的。词根可以单独构成词，也可以彼此组合成词，通过前缀后缀来改变单词的词性和意义。（词根和词缀叫构词语素）也就是说，单词一般由三部分组成：词根、前缀和后缀。词根决定单词意思，前缀改变单词词义，后缀决定单词词性。care为词根，less和ness均为后缀。

B. Write out the authors
of the following works: (4 points, 1 point each)

1) The
Voice of the City
________________

【答案】O.Henry

【解析】欧·亨利（O.Henry，1862～1910），又译奥·亨利，原名威廉·西德尼·波特（William Sydney Porter），美国短篇小说家、美国现代短篇小说创始人，其主要作品有《麦琪的礼物》《警察与赞美诗》《城市之声》等。欧·亨利与契诃夫和莫泊桑并列“世界三大短篇小说巨匠”，曾被评论界誉为“曼哈顿桂冠散文作家”和“美国现代短篇小说之父”，他的作品有“美国生活的百科全书”之誉。

2) Life
on the Mississippi
_______________

【答案】Mark Twain

【解析】Life on the
Mississippi是美国著名作家马克·吐温的自传体小说。马克·吐温凭着年轻时驾驶河船的经验，写成了脍炙人口的自传《密西西比河上的生活》（Life on the Mississippi）。以密西西比河及沿岸的城镇为舞台背景，生动地写下作者的生活体验、童年岁月以及他所热爱的乡土。这本书中饶富自传性，有描述、有插曲、有寓言、也有引用，具有多方面的意义和艺术价值，是一部结构雄伟，内容丰富的叙事诗。以幽默嘲讽风格著称的马克·吐温，在书中呈现温暖的追忆和淡淡的忧愁。

3）Song of myself __________________

【答案】Walt Whitman

【解析】《自己之歌》是美国19世纪杰出的民主诗人华尔特·惠特曼的作品。它是《草叶集》初版的开卷之作。在此诗中揭示了“草叶”的意义：自然界最平凡、最普通的草，有广大的生活天地和强劲的生命力量，它“在宽广的地方和狭窄的地方都一样发芽，在黑人和白人中都一样地生长”。惠特曼认为草是他的形象，他的“意向的旗帜，由代表希望的碧绿物质所织成”，他要用“如同草一样朴实”的语言讴歌祖国和人民。在诗人心目中，不朽的草象征不朽的人民，正在发展中的美国、自由和民主的理想。

4）Syntactic Structure __________________

【答案】Noam Chomsky

【解析】《句法结构》是美国语言学家乔姆斯基（Chomsky）的作品。《句法结构》是对美国传统的描写语言学的一场革命，其革命性首先表现在乔姆斯基站在理性主义的立场上反对描写语言学的经验主义。他把语言学看成跟自然科学中的其他科学一样，可以从假设出发，进行推演并形式化。换句话说，非经验主义是可能的。《句法结构》是转换生成语法第一阶段——古典理论的代表作，它的出版被人们认为是“乔姆斯基革命”开始的标志，也标志着转换生成语法的诞生。

C. Translate the
following into English or Chinese (2 points, 1 point each):

1) APEC

【答案】亚太经贸合作组织（Asia-Pacific
Economic Cooperation）

2) 金砖四国

【答案】BRIC countries

D. Explain the following terms: (4 points, 2
point each)

1) ASEAN

【答案】The Association of Southeast Asian Nations is a
regional intergovernmental organization comprising ten Southeast Asian states
which promotes Pan-Asianism and intergovernmental cooperation and facilitates
economic, political, security, military, educational and socio-cultural
integration amongst its members and Asian states. Since its formation on 8
August 1967 by Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, Singapore and Thailand,
the organization’s membership has expanded to include Brunei, Cambodia, Laos,
Myanmar and Vietnam. Its principal aims include accelerating economic growth,
social progress, and sociocultural evolution among its members, alongside the
protection of regional stability and the provision of a mechanism for member
countries to resolve differences peacefully.

2) stream of consciousness

【答案】In literary criticism, stream of consciousness
is a narrative mode or method that attempts to depict the multitudinous
thoughts and feelings which pass through the mind. The term was coined by
William James in 1890 in his The Principles of Psychology, and in 1918 the
novelist May Sinclair first applied the term stream of consciousness in a
literary context when discussing Dorothy Richardson’s novels. Pointed Roofs
(1915), the first work in Richardson’s series of semi-autobiographical novels
titled Pilgrimage is the first complete stream of consciousness novel published
in English.

Ⅳ. Translation (30 points)

E-C (15 points)

The decision of
the New York Philharmonic to hire Alan Gilbert as its next music director has
been the talk of the classical-music world ever since the sudden announcement
of his appointment in 2009. For the most part, the response has been favorable,
to say the least. “Hooray! At last!” wrote Anthony Tommasini, a sober-sided
classical-music critic.

One of the
reasons why the appointment came as such a surprise, however, is that Gilbert
is comparatively little known. Even Tommasini, who had advocated Gilbert’s appointment in the Times, calls him “an
unpretentious musician with no air of the formidable conductor about him.” As a
description of the next music director of an orchestra that has hitherto been
led by musicians like Gustav Mahler and Pierre Boulez, that seems likely to
have struck at least some Times readers as faint praise.

【参考译文】

纽约爱乐乐团决定聘请Alan Gilbert（艾伦·吉尔伯特）作为下一任的音乐总监，从2009年任命被宣布之日起到现在，这次任命在古典音乐界引起了热议。别的不说，大部分人的反应是积极的。“好啊，终于好了！”Anthony Tommasini（安东尼·托马西尼）写道，他可是一个以严肃著称的古典音乐评论家。

但是，这个任命引起人们惊讶的原因却是Gilbert并不是很有名。甚至在《时代》杂志上发文支持Gilbert任命的Tommasini都称他为低调的音乐家。在他身上找不到那种飞扬跋扈的指挥家的气质。纽约爱乐乐团迄今为止都是由像Gustav Mahler（古斯塔夫·马勒）和Pierre Boulez（皮尔·布列兹）那样的音乐家领导的。这样去描述这个乐团的下一位指挥，至少对于《时代》的读者而言，这是一种苍白的表扬。

C-E (15 points)

一个可能的应对方式（解决办法）是古典音乐表演者发明有吸引力的从唱片上听不到的曲子。吉尔伯特在新音乐方面投入了自己的兴趣，这已广被人知：如古典音乐评论家罗斯就把吉尔伯特描述成一个可以扭转交响乐方向的人，认为他把交响乐带进了一个明显不同的更有活力的天地。但是，这种“不同”的实质是什么呢？仅仅扩展交响乐的节目是不够的。吉尔伯特和交响乐要想取得成功，必须首先改变美国旧的管弦乐和它们想吸引的新的听众之间的关系。

【参考译文】

One possible
response is for classical performers to program attractive new music that is
not yet available on record. Gilbert’s own
interest in new music has been widely noted: Alex Ross, a classical-music
critic, has described him as a man who is capable of turning the Philharmonic
into a markedly different, more vibrant organization. But what will be the
nature of that difference? Merely expanding the orchestra’s repertoire will not be enough. If Gilbert and the
Philharmonic are to succeed, they must first change the relationship between
American’s oldest orchestra and the new
audience it hopes to attract.

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