杭州电子科技大学801英汉互译考研真题及辅导用书

考研真题

1. 杭州电子科技大学外国语学院《801英汉互译》历年考研真题汇总（含部分答案）

2. 全国名校英汉互译考研真题

考研指导书

1. 冯庆华《汉英翻译基础教程》配套题库（含考研真题）

2. 陈宏薇《新编汉英翻译教程》（第2版）配套题库（含考研真题）

杭州电子科技大学外国语学院《801英汉互译》历年考研真题汇总（含部分答案）

书籍目录

部分内容

2012年杭州电子科技大学《801英汉互译》考研真题及详解

一、英译汉（本大题共1小题，每小题75分，本大题共75分）

The idea
“happiness”, to be sure, will not sit still for easy definition: the best one
can do is to try to set some extremes to the idea and then work in toward the
middle. To think of happiness as acquisitive and competitive will do to set the
materialistic extreme. To think of it as the idea one senses in, say, a holy
man of India will do to set the spiritual extreme. The holy man’s idea of
happiness is in needing nothing from outside himself. In wanting nothing, he
lacks nothing. He sits immobile, rapt in contemplation, free even of his own
body. Or nearly free of it. If devout admirers bring him food he eats it; if
not, he starves indifferently. Why be concerned? What is physical is an
illusion to him. Contemplation is his joy and he achieves it through a fantastically
demanding discipline, the accomplishment of which is itself a joy within him.

Is he a happy
man? Perhaps his happiness is only another sort of illusion. But who can take
it from him? And who will dare say it is more illusory than happiness on the installment
plan?

But, perhaps
because I am Western, I doubt such catatonic happiness, as I doubt the dreams
of the happiness-market. What is certain is that his way of happiness would be
torture to almost any Western man. Yet these extremes will still serve to frame
the area within all of us and must find some sort of balance. Thoreau—a
creature of both Eastern and Western thought—had his own firm sense of that
balance. His aim was to save on the low levels in order to spend on the high.

Possession for
its own sake or in competition with the rest of the neighborhood would have
been Thoreau’s idea of the low levels. The active discipline of heightening one’s
perception of what is enduring in nature would have been his idea of the high.
What he saved from the low was time and effort he could spend on the high.
Thoreau certainly disapproved of starvation, but he would put into feeding
himself only as much effort as would keep him functioning for more important
efforts.

Effort is the
gist of it. There is no happiness except as we take on life-engaging
difficulties. Short of the impossible, as Yeats put it, the satisfactions we
get from a lifetime depend on how high we choose our difficulties. Robert Frost
was thinking in something like the same terms when he spoke of “The pleasure of
taking pains.” The mortal flaw in the advertised version of happiness is in the
fact that it purports to be effortless.

【参考译文】

诚然，给“幸福”这一概念下定义远非易事：最好是尽量为这一概念确立一些极限，然后将两者折中。将幸福视为物质上的拥有和相互攀比，这就确立了其物质上的极限。将其视为一个人（比如印度的圣人）所感知的信念，则是确立了其精神上的极限。圣人的幸福是无需身外之物。无欲则无求。他静坐不动，陷入冥思，甚至脱离或者说近乎脱离自己的肉体。如果有虔诚的信徒带来食物，他硬听；如果没有，他便淡然地饿着。有什么好牵挂的呢？对他而言，物质世界只是虚幻。冥想是他的极乐，而他通过修行来实现。这种修行要求之高，让人难以置信，其完成本身就是他内心的一种极乐。

他幸福吗？或许他的幸福只是另一种虚幻。但谁又能将幸福从他身边夺走呢？又有谁敢说这种幸福比分期付款计划中得到的幸福更缥缈呢？

然而，或许因为我是西方人，我对这种令人精神紧张的幸福持怀疑态度，正如我怀疑幸福市场的梦幻一样。可以确信，他这种幸福方式对几乎任何一个西方人而言都是一种折磨。尽管如此，我们仍然可以利用这些极限来划定幸福的范畴，在这一范畴内每个人都得找到某种平衡。梭罗，一个东西思想交融的人物，对这种平衡有他自己的坚定信念。他的目标是在低层次节约，在高层次上付出。

殚精竭虑，全力以赴，便是问题的精髓所在。除非我们愿意直面那些需要我们全身心投入的艰难困苦，否则便不会有幸福可言。正如叶芝所言，除却某些不可能的情形，我们人生中所获取的满足皆取决于我们在多高的境界中选择我们所愿意面对的艰难困苦。当罗伯特·弗罗斯特言及“以苦为乐”时，他内心所思，大体如此。商业广告中所宣扬的那种幸福观，其致命的缺陷就在于它宣称，一切幸福皆唾手可得，不费吹灰之力。

二、汉译英（本大题共1小题，每小题75分，本大题共75分）

哲学在今天是最感危机的学科。以往认为最适合哲学的领域，如今已为对人类存在各方面经验做出成功解释的科学所占领。在一个信息技术取得支配地位的世界上，哲学似乎已败下阵来。它至少不能把智慧切成一个个可以测量的小块提供给人们。20世纪有无数哲学家讥讽自己从事的学科，说什么哲学活动在经历了300年之后，至今还在希望哲学能把我们引向真理，那不过是遥遥无期的幻象而已。然而，哲学仍然比以往任何进修都受人喜爱。这或许是因为近20年来哲学一直从科学和其他学科中寻求庇护，而今已经从这种专业束缚中解脱出来的缘故吧。

如今，哲学的范围早已不像以前那样无所不包。人们日益认识到哲学和宗教及社会遗产的深层联系。人类经验的种种因素很少能够脱逃哲学家批判的眼光。从柏拉图到马克思以及更近，我们珍视的大多数信念和希望，都在受到质疑和挑战。这样做的前提是：人之所以为人，就在于人类的哲学思考能力，舍此则无以区别人和其他动物。

【参考译文】

Philosophy is
the discipline facing the graved crisis today. Fields, which used to be
considered most suitable for philosophy, have already been taken over by
science that has succeeded in explaining human experience in various areas.
Philosophy seems to have been defeated in a world dominated by information
technology. At least, it is unable to cut wisdom into measurable small pieces
and then offer them to the people. In the 20^th century numerous
philosophers satirized the discipline they were engaged in, saying that it was
only a distant illusion that philosophical activities, after 3000 years since
it first started, could ever lead us to the truth. However philosophy is still
liked more by people than ever before maybe because that philosophy has thrown
off the professional shackles of constantly seeking protection from science and
other disciplines for nearly 20 years.

Nowadays,
philosophy is not as inclusive as before. People are growing more and more
aware of the deep relation between philosophy and religion and that between
philosophy and social heritages. Few of the various factors of human experience
can ever escape from the critical eyes of philosophers. From Platonism to
Marxism to even more recent philosophers, most of our cherished beliefs and
hopes are being questioned and challenged. The prerequisite of so doing is that
it is the ability of philosophical thinking that is particular to human being
that makes us human, and besides that ability nothing can distinguish men from
other animals.

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