聊城大学616基础英语考研真题及辅导用书

考研真题

1. 聊城大学外国语学院《616基础英语》（含语言学及英美文学基础知识）历年考研真题

2. 全国名校基础英语考研真题

考研指导书

1. 张汉熙《高级英语（1）》（第3版重排版）学习指南【词汇短语＋课文精解＋全文翻译＋练习答案】

2. 张汉熙《高级英语（2）》（第3版重排版）学习指南【词汇短语＋课文精解＋全文翻译＋练习答案】

聊城大学外国语学院《616基础英语》（含语言学及英美文学基础知识）历年考研真题AI讲解

书籍目录

部分内容

2007年聊城大学607基础英语（含语言学及英美文学基础知识）考研真题及详解

Part Ⅰ.
GRAMMAR AND VOCABULARY (20 Points)

Directions: For each of the following
sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D, choose the most suitable
one from them to complete the sentence. Mark the corresponding letter on the
ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the centre.

1 She was overwhelmed with _____ and couldn’t
speak for a moment.

A. feeling

B. sensitivity

C. emotion

D. reason

【答案】C

【解析】句意：她被情绪压倒，一时之间竟说不出话来。emotion指情绪，多指感情。feeling指一般的感情，感觉。sensitivity指多愁善感。reason指理智，原因。故选C。

2 Before he sank into unconsciousness, he
_____ towards the window and managed to open it.

A. fought

B. struggled

C. walked

D. dragged

【答案】B

【解析】句意：在失去知觉以前，他挣扎着爬到窗口打开了窗户。struggle挣扎。fight斗争；作战。walk步行。drag拖拽。从本文看用挣扎对语境比较适合。故选B。

3 In spite of all effort the doctors had
done, her burns refuse to _____.

A. heal

B. revive

C. recover

D. survive

【答案】A

【解析】句意：尽管医生做了最大的努力，她的伤口还是无法愈合。heal多指伤口治愈，愈合。revive复活。recover恢复(主语跟人)。survive生存。故选A。

4 Although somehow abstract, the article
is full of biblical and historical _____.

A. illusion

B. allusion

C. accountants

D. literacy

【答案】B

【解析】句意：尽管有点深奥，这篇文章却包含了许多圣经与历史故事。allusion暗指，提及;典故。illusion幻觉。accountants会计。literacy识字；有文化。故选B。

5 We told him to prepare for the coming
cold wave, but he simply _____ our advice.

A. scorn

B. neglect

C. deny

D. ignore

【答案】D

【解析】句意：我们劝他为即将到来的寒流做准备，但他却不理会我们的建议。ignore表示故意忽视。scorn蔑视。neglect表示无意间忽视。deny否认。可见ignore符合题意。故选D。

6 Although thrift all his life, the man
left the _____ fortune to his son.

A. huge

B. immense

C. magnificent

D. rich

【答案】A

【解析】句意：虽然一生节俭，他留了一大笔遗产给他的儿子。huge指一般的巨大。immense指空间上的巨大。magnificent指宏伟壮观。rich资源；富有。故选A。

7 The old building is in a good state of
_____ except for the wooden floors.

A. observation

B. preservation

C. conservation

D. compensation

【答案】B

【解析】句意：除了木制的地板之外，这座老房子保存完好。ation都有“保存”之意，而A和D无此含义。名词preservation和conservation分别由动词preserve和conserve而来。conserve侧重谨慎合理地使用现有的珍贵东西，含有一旦用完很难再补充之意。而preserve侧重指保存珍贵的东西原样不变，有时甚至根本不使用它，与题意相符。observation观察。compensation补偿。故选B。

8 The council was asked to _____ the engineer’s
estimates for the coming year.

A. answer

B. approve

C. confirm

D. converge

【答案】B

【解析】句意：委员会被要求批准工程师对下一年的计划预算。approve批准。answer回答。confirm确认；确定。converge聚集；靠拢。故选B。

9 Is that a(n) _____Roman statue, or a
modern copy?

A. authentic

B. true

C. legitimate

D. authorized

【答案】A

【解析】句意：那是一座真的罗马时代的塑像，还是一个现代仿制品。authentic真正的，真实的。true正确的。legitimate合法的。authorized经授权的；经认可的。故选A。

10 Babies begin to be _____ sounds three
months after they are born.

A. responsible
for

B. retort to

C. responsive
to

D. reply

【答案】C

【解析】句意：婴儿在出生三个月后开始对声音有反应。responsive
to表示对……有反应。responsible
for对……负责。retort to依靠，求助于；诉诸；常去。reply回复。故选C。

11 The world’s governments have done _____
nothing to combat the threat of nuclear accidents.

A. inherently

B. vitally

C. virtually

D. identically

【答案】C

【解析】句意：世界各国政府实际上没有做什么事情来对付核事故的威胁。virtually实际上基本上。inherently固有地，天生地。vitally至关重要地，不可缺少地。identically相同地。故选C。

12 We were warned that even a slight _____
in calculation might ruin the whole project.

A. mistake

B. fault

C. flaw

D. error

【答案】D

【解析】句意：我们被警告说即使是工程计算中的一个小错误也会毁掉整个计划。error指科学计算和工程上的小过失。mistake指一般的错误。fault指人犯的过错，过失。flaw指人和物的缺点，瑕疵。故选D。

13 The patient is in a critical state. He
doesn’t _____ pulling through this time.

A. bear

B. have time

C. stand any
chance of

D. desire

【答案】C

【解析】句意：病人处于危急状态，他似乎已不可能度过难关。doesn’t
stand any chance of表示“没有任何机会……”。bear忍受。have
time有时间且后跟doing
sth.。desire渴望。故选C。

14 It is too noisy in the room, we had to
use _____ to get those trouble makers out of the place.

A. force

B. power

C. vigor

D. strength

【答案】A

【解析】句意：房间里大吵了，我们强迫这些麻烦制造者出去。force表示强迫。power指“力量”，如工业机器的能量，电量。vigor表示人的精力。strength表示人的力气。故选A。

15 Parents often faced the _____ between doing what they felt was
good for the development of the child and what they could stand by way of
undisciplined noise and destructiveness.

A. junction

B. premise

C. paradox

D. dilemma

【答案】D

【解析】句意：父母总是面临两难的选择：到底是该做他们自己认为对孩子发展有益的事，还是该容忍孩子任性的吵闹和破坏。dilemma意为“进退两难的局面”。paradox意为“自相矛盾的说法”。junction意为“连接，接合；枢纽”。premise意为“前提”。故选D。

16 I will get an exam tomorrow, so for
_____ reasons I won’t go out tonight.

A. direct

B. plain

C. unknown

D. obscure

【答案】B

【解析】句意：我明天有考试，因此我今天晚上当然不会出去。plain直白的，只有plain reason比较恰当。direct直接的。Unknown未知的。obscure费解晦涩的。故选B。

17 The driver responsible for the accident
was _____ punished.

A. seriously

B. totally

C. severely

D. clearly

【答案】C

【解析】句意：闯祸的司机遭到了严厉的惩罚。severely表示程度严厉地。seriously表示态度严肃地。totally表示彻底完全地。clearly表示清晰地。故选C。

18 My parents died young, but I have done
well in this respect _____ my other ancestors.

A. to

B. for

C. as regards

D. with

【答案】C

【解析】句意：虽然我的父母去世得早，但我的寿命和我的其它先辈一样还比较长。in this respect在……方面。as regards至于，关于；就……而论，在……方面。to，for，with仅在respect表示尊敬意思的时候才搭配使用。本题所考的内容与respect无太大关系。故选C。

19 The man was sitting on the floor
shivering with _____; a bullet had been fired through the window.

A. severity

B. fear

C. terror

D. excitement

【答案】B

【解析】句意：这个男人瘫坐在地板上，身体由于恐惧而发抖；一颗子弹刚从窗户穿过。fear害怕；恐惧。相比起来fear多用于修饰人的情绪。severity严重；严格。terror恐怖。 excitement激动，与原文不符。故选B。

20 The person who _____ this type of
research deserves our praise.

A. originated

B. manufactured

C. generated

D. estimated

【答案】A

【解析】句意：创造出这种研究方法的人值得我们称赞。originate创造，创始，开创；起源于，来自，产生（与in, from，with连用），与句意相符。speculate推测，推断（可与about，on连用）；投机，做投机买卖。generate使产生（电气、热等），使发生，引起，导致。Manufacture（用机器大量）制造，加工。故选A。

Part Ⅱ.
CLOZE TEST (20 Points)

Directions: Reading the following
passage and fill each of the numbered spaces with ONE suitable word. Write your
answers on ANSWER SHEET.

Pollution is a “dirty”
word. To pollute means to contaminate—to spoil something by introducing impurities
which make (21) _____ unfit or unclean to use. Pollution comes in many forms.
We see it, smell it, (22) _____ it, drink it, and stumble through it. We
literally live in and breathe pollution, and (23) _____ surprisingly, it is
beginning to (24) _____ our health, our happiness, and our very civilization.

Once we thought
of pollution (25) _____ meaning simply smog—he choking, stinging, dirty (26)
_____ that hovers over cities. But air pollution, while it is (27) _____ the
most dangerous, is only one type of contamination among several (28) _____
attack the most basic life functions.

Through the
uncontrolled use of insecticides, man has polluted the land, (29) _____ the
wildlife. By (30) _____ sewage and chemicals into rivers and lakes, we have
contaminated our (31) _____ water. We are polluting the oceans, too, killing
the fish and (32) _____ depriving ourselves (33) _____ an invaluable food
supply.

Part of the
problem is our exploding (34) _____. More and more people produce more wastes.
But this problem is intensified by our “throw-away” technology. Each year
Americans (35) _____ of 7 million autos, 20 million tons of waste paper, 25
million pounds of toothpaste tubes and 48 million cans. We throw away gum
wrappers, newspapers, and paper plates. It is no longer fashionable to (36)
_____ anything. Today almost everything is disposable. (37) _____ of repairing
a toaster or a radio, it is easier and cheaper to buy a new one and discard the
old, even (38) _____ 95 percent of its parts may still be functioning. Baby
diapers, which used to be made of reusable cloth, are now paper throwaways.
Soon we will wear clothing made of (39) _____: “Wear it once and throw it
away,” will be the slogan of the fashion conscious.

Where is this
all to end? Are we turning the world into a gigantic dump, or is there hope
that we can solve the pollution problem? (40) _____ solutions are in sight. A
few of them are positively ingenious.

【答案与解析】

21 it

（本句意为“污染”就是弄脏——表层土或什么东西，通过引进杂质，这使……不健康或不干净。显然，此空处应指something，因为前面已出现，所以用it来代替。因而填入it。）

22 taste

（根据句意，污染有很多形式。我们可以看见的，闻到的，尝到的，喝到的，还有碰到的。所以填入taste。）

23 not

（此空前半句意为“我们真的生活在污染中，呼吸着它”，而后半句意为“它开始……我们的健康、幸福和文明。”显然，这是因果关系，故中间的surprisingly前只能加个否定词not。因此填入not。）

24 threaten

（此空前半句意为“我们真的生活在污染中，呼吸着它”，而后半句应意为“它开始威胁我们的健康、幸福和文明。”所以填入threaten。）

25 as

（think of sth.as sth.为固定短语，意为“把某物想成某物”。所以填入as。）

26 air

（由前面的smog可知，此空处应填入与smog相应的物质，又由后面的“hovers over cities”可知，此物质只能是“脏空气”。因此填入air。）

27 still

（本句意为“但是空气污染，尽管它……是最危险的，但也只是几种攻击最基本生活功能的污染方式之一。”显然，此空应填“仍然”。所以填入still。）

28 which

（由语法可知此空应为一个引导定语从句的词，即which，其后的定语修饰“several (types of contamination)”。所以填入which。）

29 killing

（本句意为“通过无控制地使用杀虫剂，人类已经污染了土地，……野生动物。”显然，此空处应填“杀害”，但不能填kill，因为英语中无连词时不可能有两个谓语，故应填killing。killing
the wildlife是现在分词做伴随状语。所以应填入killing。）

30 dumping

（由本句句意“通过将污水和化学物质……入河流和湖泊，……”可知，此空处显然应为“倒”。介词后只能用dumping，而不能用dump。所以填入dumping。）

31 drinking

（由本句句意“通过将污水和化学物质倒入河流和湖泊，我们已经污染了我们的……水。”显然，此空处应为“饮用”。所以填入drinking。）

32 thereby

（本句句意为“我们也正在污染海洋，杀死了鱼类，……剥夺了我们那无价的食物供应。”显然，此空前后为因果关系，而且depriving前不能用so或其他表因果关系的连词，而只能用介词thereby。）

33 of

（deprive sb. of sth.为固定短语，意为“剥夺某人的某东西（或某权利）”。所以填入介词of。）

34 population

（由下一句“越来越多的人正在制造更多的垃圾。”可知，此处应指“膨胀的人口”，即exploding population。所以填入population。）

35 dispose

（由前一句“但是这个问题因为我们的‘一次性’技术而加剧了。”可知，此处应为“丢掉，扔掉”之意，即dispose of。所以填入dispose。）

36 reuse

（由后一句“今天几乎每件东西都可以被扔掉。”可知“……任何东西不再流行了。”中的空处应为“再利用”，这样前后两句逻辑上才能合理。所以填入reuse。）

37 Instead

（由本句句意“……修一台烤箱或一台收音机，买一台新的、扔掉旧的更容易、更便宜……”可知，肯定是“不修”，又因为有介词of，所以应填instead。instead of意为“不做某事”，是固定短语。所以填入Instead。）

38 though

（由本句句意“与其修一台烤箱或一台收音机，买一台新的、扔掉旧的更容易、更便宜，……它的95%的部件仍可以使用。”可知，此处表转折，应填“尽管，即使”，即even though。所以填入though。）

39 paper

（由前一句“…are now paper throwaways.”可知“不久以后我们将穿由纸制作的衣服。”所以填入paper。）

40 Fortunately

（由本句句意“……可以看到有解决办法的希望了。”可知此空应填“幸运的是”。所以填入Fortunately。）

Part Ⅲ.
PROOFREADING AND ERROR CORRECTION (20 Points)

Directions: The following passage
contains TEN errors. Each line contains a maximum of ONE error. In each case,
only ONE word is involved. You should proofread the passage and correct it in
the following way:

For a wrong word, underline the
wrong word and write the correct one in the blank provided at the end of the
line.

For a missing word, mark the
position of the missing word with a “∧” sign and write the word you believe to be missing in the blank
provided at the end of the line.

For an unnecessary word, cross out
the unnecessary word with a slash “/” and put the word in the blank provided at
the end of the line.

Example:

【答案与解析】

41 basic→basically

（basic为形容词，应该副词修饰后面的形容词private。所以将basic改成basically。）

42 best→most

（此句句意为，美国的经济是以基本的私有企业和市场导向经济为架构的，在这种经济中，消费者很大程度上通过在市场上为那些他们最想要的货品和服务付费来决定什么应该被制造出来。此处应该填入副词修饰动词“want”，因而将best改成most。）

43 determine→determines

（此句中determine的主语为“the profit motive”，应该使用第三人称单数形式。所以将determine改为determines。）

44 couple→coupled

（此句中，前面已经出现了谓语“is”,因而后面应使用过去分词将其变成非谓语动词引导句子。所以将couple改成coupled。）

45 incomes∧together→that

（此句为强调句型，It is…that…。句意为“因此，在美国经济体系中，正是消费者个体的需求与商人试图最大化其利润的欲望，和个人想最大化其收入的欲望相结合，一起决定了什么应该被制造以及资源如何被用来制造它们”。所以在together前面加入that引导后面的句子。）

46 with→to

（respond to为固定搭配，意为“应对”。所以将with改成to。）

47 arise→rise

（arise表示出现，rise表示上升、增强，表示价格上升应该用rise。所以将arise改成rise。）

48 at→in

（in short supply为固定搭配，表“短缺”。所以将at改成in。）

49 down→up

（根据句意，当商品短缺时，商品价格应该上涨而不是下降。所以将down改成up。）

50 Moreover→Thus

（Moreover表递进，意思是“更重要的是……”，前面几句解释了价格是如何调节美国经济的，因此这里应该用一个总结性的词引导后面的结论句。Thus的意思是“因此”，表总结。所以将Moreover改成Thus。）

Part Ⅳ.
GENERAL KNOWLEDGE (20 points)

Directions: There are 20 multiple-choice
questions in this section. Please choice the best answer to each question and
write A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET.

51 Merchant of Venice is one of
William Shakespeare’s _____.

A. historical
plays

B. comedies

C. tragedies

D. sonnets

【答案】B

【解析】《威尼斯商人》（Merchant of Venice）是威廉·莎士比亚的一部喜剧。故选B。

52 Higher education in the United States
began with the founding of _____ College in 1636.

A. Virginia

B. Harvard

C. Yale

D. Stanford

【答案】B

【解析】美国的高等教育始于1636年哈佛大学的创办。哈佛大学始于1636年。弗吉尼亚大学始于1819年，耶鲁大学始于1701年，斯坦福大学始于1891年。故选B。

53 Which of the following provinces is the
home of most French-speaking people in Canada?

A. Manitoba

B. Saskatchewan

C. Ontario

D. Quebec

【答案】D

【解析】根据地理常识，加拿大大多数讲法语的人的家乡都在魁北克省，D选项正确。曼尼托巴省、萨斯喀彻温省和安大略省均不是正确答案。故选D。

54 _____ are often referred to as the “big
three” of Britain’s newspapers.

A. The Times,
The Financial Times and The Guardian

B. The
Guardian, The Daily Telegraph and The Economist

C. The Times,
The Guardian and The Daily Telegraph

D. The
Financial Times, The Daily Mirror and The Times

【答案】C

【解析】泰晤士报，卫报和每日电讯报经常被称为英国三大报纸。The
Times泰晤士报。The
Guardian卫报。The
Daily Telegraph每日电讯报。The Financial Times金融时报，The Economist经济学人，The Daily Mirror每日镜报均不是正确答案，排除A、B、D。故选C。

55 Henry James was regarded as one of the
pioneers of _____.

A. black humor

B. existential
novel

C. realistic
novel

D.
psychological novel

【答案】C

【解析】亨利·詹姆斯（Henry James）被认为是（心理）现实主义小说的奠基者。故选C。

56 Which of the following is NOT an
American writer?

A. James Joyce

B. Jack London

C. Edgar Allan
Poe

D. Nathaniel
Hawthorne

【答案】A

【解析】James Joyce是爱尔兰作家。Jack London，Edgar Allan Poe和Nathaniel Hawthorne均是美国作家。故选A。

57 Which of the following is NOT written
by William Faulkner?

A. The
Sounds and the Fury

B. The Raven

C. Absalom,
Absalom

D. Light
in August

【答案】B

【解析】The Raven（《乌鸦》）是美国作家Edgar Allan Poe的作品。其余三项均是威廉·福克纳的作品。故选B。

58 The word “boyish” contains _____.

A. three phonemes

B. two
allomorphs

C. two
morphemes

D. three
morphemes

【答案】C

【解析】boyish包含两个词素。boyish由“boy”和“ish”两个词素组成。故选C。

59 The AIDS belongs to _____.

A. clipped
words

B. borrowed
words

C. acronyms

D. blend

【答案】C

【解析】AIDS是Acquired
Immune Deficiency Syndrome的缩写。acronyms首字母缩略词。clipped words省略词。borrowed words外来词。blend混合。故选C。

60 The relationship between language and
culture can be described in the following way except _____.

A. Culture
includes language

B. Language
symbolizes cultural reality

C. Language
helps perpetuate culture

D. Culture is
the structure and language is the process

【答案】D

【解析】D选项意为“文化是结构语言是过程”，不能用来表述文化和语言之间的关系，符合题意。A选项意为“文化包括语言”。B选项意为“语言象征文化现实”。C选项意为“文化使语言得以延续”。故选D。

61 _____ is the capital city of Canada

A. Vancouver

B. Ottawa

C. Montreal

D. York

【答案】B

【解析】渥太华（Ottawa）是加拿大首都。故选B。

62 U.S. presidents normally serve a(n)
_____ term.

A. two-year

B. four-year

C. six-year

D. eight-year

【答案】B

【解析】美国总统任期通常是四年。故选B。

63 Which of the following cities is NOT
located in the Northeast U.S.?

A. Huston

B. Boston

C. Baltimore

D. Philadelphia

【答案】A

【解析】休斯顿（Huston）位于美国东南部。波士顿（Boston）、巴尔的摩（Baltimore）、费城（Philadelphia）均在美国东北部。故选A。

64 _____ is the state church in England.

A. The Roman
Catholic Church

B. The Baptist
Church

C. The
Protestant Church

D. The Church
of England

【答案】D

【解析】根据英国历史，从英王亨利八世时代起，为脱离罗马教皇（Pope）的统治，改以Anglican Church（也称the Church of England）为英国国教。故选D。

65 The novel Emma is written by
_____.

A. Mar Shelley

B. Charlotte Bronte

C. Elizabeth C.
Gaskell

D. Jane Austen

【答案】D

【解析】小说Emma为浪漫主义时期女作家Jane Austen所作。故选D。

66 Which of the following is NOT a romantic
poet?

A. William
Wordsworth

B. George Eliot

C. George G.
Byron

D. Percy B.
Shelley

【答案】B

【解析】George Elliot是维多利亚时期的一位小说家，不是诗人，其他几位都是著名的浪漫派诗人。故选B。

67 William Sidney Porter, known as O.
Henry, is most famous for _____.

A. his poems

B. his plays

C. his short
stories

D. his novels

【答案】C

【解析】短篇小说家William Sidney Porter，笔名O. Henry，在短篇小说方面最闻名于世，而且小说的结束常常出乎读者的意料之外。故选C。

68 Syntax is the study of _____.

A. language
functions

B. sentence
structures

C. textual
organization

D. word
formation

【答案】B

【解析】句法学研究的内容是句子结构。故选B。

69 Which of the following is NOT a
distinctive feature of human language?

A.
arbitrariness

B. productivity

C. cultural
transmission

D. finiteness

【答案】D

【解析】任意性（arbitrariness）、创造性（productivity）、文化传递性（cultural transmission）都是人类语言的主要特征。故选D。

70 The speech act theory was first put
forward by _____.

A. John Searle

B. John Austin

C. Noam Chomsky

D. M. A. K.
Halliday

【答案】B

【解析】John Austin于1969年首先提出了“言语行为”理论，其他人如John Searle（1969年提出）等，不管是提出或是进一步阐述该理论，都是在John Austin之后。故选B。

Part Ⅴ.
READING COMPREHENSION (70 points)

Section A: Multiple
Choices (40 points)

Directions: In this section there are
four reading passages followed by a total of 20 multiple-choice questions.
Reading the passages and then mark your answers on your ANSWER SHEET.

Passage A

Every day there’s
a steady steam of children and their mothers entering the doors of the Saint
Camille Hospital in Ouagadougou—Burkina Faso’s capital—patiently waiting to be
seen by a doctor.

The
well-maintained one-storey building of the Saint Camille Hospital are known to
many. More than five thousand women give birth at the hospital each year,
making it the facility with the highest birth rate in the country. Established
in the 1960s, it’s one of the principle areas for health for mothers and their
children in the capital.

The Saint
Camille Hospital deals with the main chronic health problems facing Burkina
Faso malaria, HIV/AIDS and child malnutrition. On average, there are 100
children seen daily at the Catholic medical centre. Most of those children are
suffering from malaria—the number one killer of children in Burkina Faso.

Burkina Faso is
in the forefront of African countries to develop a national multispectral
strategy to fight HIV/AIDS. While HIV/AIDS is not as widespread in West Africa
as Southern Africa. Burkina Faso has among the highest HIV prevalence rates in
West Africa. About 2 percent of adults are infected nationally, but rated are
higher in urban areas and among high risk groups such as truck drivers and
commercial sex workers.

The Saint
Camille Hospital is the pilot site for the country’s national program to
prevent mother to child transmission of HIV/AIDS. And with backing from the
World Bank, the Global Fund, and other donors, the facility now also offers
AIDS treatment.

It’s in the
facility’s pre-natal counseling centre, World Bank President Paul Wolfowitz,
will have a chance to see firsthand hospital staff discussing AIDS with women
and encouraging them to be tested. Ad elsewhere in Africa, children born with
HIV develop AIDS quickly, and generally die within one to two years. But with
treatment, pregnant women can largely avoid passing HIV to their infants.

And just
outdoors in the facility’s grounds, in a child feeding centre, the World Bank president
will see the staff’s efforts to deal with child malnutrition. Child
malnutrition is worse than it was a decade ago in Burkina Faso, with more than
a third of children malnourished. In the feeding centre, the impact in children
of HIV/AIDS is starkly brought home. Children, who don’t gain weight
after feedings, are tested, and generally found to be JIV positive.

In speaking
publicly about his planned trip to Africa, Wolfowitz stressed he wanted to meet
representatives of women’s groups in Africa. He’ll have the chance to do just
that at Saint Camille Hospital, as well as meet people living with HIV/AIDS.

The World Bank
is supporting efforts to combat HIV/AIDS in Burkina Faso through its HIV/AIDS
Disaster Response Project, approved in 2001 for $24 million. It was the second
project approved as part of the US$500 million Multi-Country HIV/ADIS Program
for the Africa Region and finances nearly a quarter of the cost of the National
HIV/AIDS strategy.

And under the
multi-country HIV/AIDS Treatment Acceleration Program, known as TAP, Burkina
Faso received US$18 million for scaling Up AIDS treatment, through partnerships
with the country’s Ministry of Health and local associations of people living
with AIDS.

The Saint
Camille Hospital’s laboratory will benefit under the TAP program with plans already
underway to expand the laboratory’s facilities.

The World Bank
also has plans to embark on a new integrated health and HIV/AIDS support
program. A key focus of that will be combating malaria, but it will also seek
to improve maternal and child health and nutrition, strengthen JIV prevention
programs, and expand access to AIDS care and treatment.

71 In the first paragraph, the writer
seems to suggest that _____.

A. the doctors
in the Saint Camille Hospital are proficient in medical treatment

B. the mother
and children in Burkina Faso are prone to disease

C. the Saint
Camille Hospital has made great contributions to helping women and children
against health problems

D. women and
children are facing some severe endemic diseases

72 The word “starkly” in the seventh
paragraph is closest in meaning to _____.

A. cheerlessly

B. surprisingly

C. obviously

D. entirely

73 The seventh paragraph indicates that
_____.

A. children in
Burkina Faso are having a desperate life

B. many
children in Burkina Faso plagued by serious malnutrition

C. it is time
that Burkina Faso make more efforts to solve the serious health problems
confronted with children

D. the medical
treatment in Burkina Faso has the highest HIV prevalence rates in West Africa

74 According to the passage, which of the
following statements is true?

A. Burkina Faso
has the highest HIV prevalence rates in West Africa

B. There are
more people suffering AIDS in villages than cities in Burkina Faso

C. Child
malnutrition is better than several years ago

D. Malaria is
the most threatening disease for the children in Burkina Faso

75 It can be inferred from the World Bank
president’s planned trip to the Saint Camille Hospital that _____.

A. his plan was
appropriate and necessary due to his position

B. the
president was audacious in facing the infected diseases

C. the planned
trip could undoubtedly earn the World Bank world acclaim

D. the World
Bank was deeply concerned with the health problems of women and children in
Burkina Faso

【答案与解析】

71 C  文章第一段指出，每天都有妈妈和她们的孩子们在Saint Camille医院的门外耐心地等候就诊，侧面说明Saint Camille医院为帮助妇女和儿童抵抗健康疾病做出了巨大贡献。C项符合题意。A项Saint Camille医院的医生们医疗技术高超、B项Burkina Faso的妈妈和孩子们容易生病和D项妇女和儿童正面临严重的地方病，均属于过度解读。故选C。

72 D  starkly的意思是“完全地，彻底地”，D项entirely“完全地”符合题意。cheerlessly忧郁地；阴暗地。surprisingly惊人地；出人意料地。obviously显然地。故选D。

73 B  根据第七段“Child malnutrition is worse than it was a decade ago in Burkina
Faso, with more than a third of children malnourished.”可知，Burkina Faso的儿童们面临着严重的营养不良，并且人数在增多。故选B。

74 D  根据第三段最后一句话“Most of those children are suffering from malaria—the number one
killer of children in Burkina Faso.”可知，疟疾已经成为威胁Burkina Faso的儿童们的健康的头号杀手。故选D。

75 D  根据文章倒数第四段第一句话可知，世界银行通过HIV/AIDS Disaster Response Project来支持Burkina Faso抵抗疾病，并且在2001年就批准了2400万美元的项目资金。文章后五段也表明了世界银行一直在支持Burkina Faso抵抗HIV/AIDS，D项“世界银行非常关心Burkina Faso妇女和儿童的健康问题”，符合题意。故选D。

Passage B

Since 1992, the
US has offered Israel an additional $2 billion annually in loan guarantees. Congressional
researchers have disclosed that between 1974 and 1989, $16.4 billion in US
military loans were converted to grants and that this was understanding from the
beginning. Indeed, all past U.S. loans to Israel have eventually been forgiven
by Congress, which has undoubtedly helped.

Israel’s
often-touted claim that they have never defaulted on a U.S. government loan.
U.S. policy since 1984 has been that economic assistance to Israel must equal
or exceed Israel’s annual debt repayment to the United States. Unlike other
countries, which receive aid in quarterly installments, aid to Israel since
1982 has been given in a lump sum at the beginning of the fiscal year, leaving
the U. S. government to borrow from future revenues. Israel even lends some of
this money back through U.S. treasury bills and collects the additional
interest.

In addition,
there is the more than $1.5 billion in private U. S. funds that go to Israel
annually in the form of $1 billion in private tax-deductible donations and $
500 million in Israeli bonds. The ability of Americans to make what amounts to
tax-deductible contributions to a foreign government, made possible through a
number of Jewish charities, does not exist with any other country. Nor do these
figures include short-and-long-term commercial loans from U. S. banks, which
have been as high as $1 billion annually in recent years.

Total U.S. aid
to Israel is approximately one-third of the American foreign-aid budget, even
though Israel comprises just 0.001 percent of the world’s population and
already has one of the world’s higher per capita incomes. Indeed, Israel’s GNP
is higher than the combined GNP of Egypt, Lebanon, Syria, Jordan, the West Bank
and Gaza. With a per capita income of about $14,000, Israel ranks as the sixteenth
wealthiest country in the world; Israelis enjoy a higher per capita income than
oil-rich Saudi Arabia and are only slightly less well-off than most Western
European countries.

AID does not
term economic aid to Israel as development assistance, but instead uses the
term “economic support funding”. Given Israel’s relative prosperity, U.S. aid
to Israel is becoming increasingly controversial. In 1994, Yossi Beilen, deputy
foreign minister of Israel and a Knesset member, told the Women’s International
Zionist Organization, “If our economic situation is better than in many of your
countries, how can we go on asking for your charity?”

76 According to the passage, American
economic assistance to Israel took all the following forms EXCEPT _____.

A. private
funds

B. commercial
loans from U.S. banks

C. government
grants

D. government
donations

77 What is the writer’s attitude towards
American economic aid to Israel?

A.
Disapproving.

B.
Appreciative.

C. Ambiguous.

D. Difficult to
tell.

78 What is the main reason why U.S. aid to
Israel is becoming controversial?

A. The large
sum of loans to Israel.

B. American
financial situation.

C. The relative
prosperity of Israel economy.

D. Survey of U.
S. Congressional researchers.

79 The words of the deputy foreign
minister of Israel indicate that _____.

A. Jewish
charities provided great help for Israel

B. American is
obliged to give Israel economic aid

C. Israel
actually doesn’t deserve American economic aid

D. Israel’s
economy is worsening

80 It can be inferred from Israel’s
“often-touted claim” that _____.

A. Israel was
satisfied with the ability in repaying all the loans from America

B. U.S.
government should not worry about the Israel’s economic development

C. U. S
economic aid to Israel was a wrong action

D. American
economic assistance to Israel was successful

【答案与解析】

76 D  由第三段第一句话“In addition, there is the more than $1.5 billion in private U. S.
funds that go to Israel annually in the form of $1 billion in private tax-deductible
donations and $ 500 million in Israeli bonds.”可知，每年有超过15亿美元的美国私人基金以10亿美元的私人免税捐款和5亿美元的以色列债券形式进入以色列。因而D项政府捐款错误，是私人捐款而不是政府捐款。故选D。

77 A  由第四段第一句话可知，美国对以色列的经济援助占美国对外援助预算的三分之一，但是以色列人口仅占世界总人口的0.001%，人均收入已经达到世界较高水平。最后一句话指出，以色列的人均收入甚至高于石油富国沙特阿拉伯，仅次于大多数西欧国家。由此可见作者对于美国对以色列的援助持不认可的态度。故选A。

78 C  根据最后一段第二句话“Given Israel’s relative prosperity, U.S. aid to Israel is becoming
increasingly controversial.”可知，鉴于以色列的相对富裕的情况，美国对以色列的援助变得愈发矛盾。故选C。

79 D  最后一段最后一句话，以色列副外长反问：“如果我们的经济状况比你们很多国家都要好，我们怎么还能继续请求你们的帮助呢？”说明以色列的经济状况在恶化。故选D。

80 A  根据第二段第一句话“Israel’s often-touted claim that they have never defaulted on a U.S.
government loan.”可知，以色列经常说的一句话就是我们从来没拖欠过美国的政府贷款。由此可知，以色列对于自身偿还所有美国欠款的能力很满意。故选A。

Passage C

“In every know
human society the male’s needs for achievement can be recognized…In a great
number of human societies men’s sureness of their sex role is tied up
with their right, or ability, to practice some activity that women are not
allowed to practice. Their maleness in fact has to be underwritten by
preventing women from entering some field or performing some feat.”

This is the
conclusion of the anthropologist Margaret Mead about the way in which the roles
of men and women in society should be distinguished.

If talk and
print are considered it would seem that the formal emancipation of women is far
from complete. There is a flow of publications about the continuing domestic
bondage of women and about the complicated system of defences which men have
thrown up around their hitherto accepted advantages, taking sometimes the
obvious form of exclusion form types of occupation and sociable groupings; and
sometimes the more subtle form of automatic doubt of the seriousness of women’s
pretensions to the level of intellect and resolution that men, it is supposed,
bring to the business of running the world.

There are a good
many objective pieces of evidence for the erosion of men’s status. In the first
place, there is the widespread postwar phenomenon of the women Prime Minister,
in India, Sri Lanka and Israel.

Secondly, there
is the very large increase in the number of women who work, especially married
women and mothers of children. More diffusely there ate the increasingly
numerous convergences between male and female behaviour: the approximation to
identical styles in dress and coiffure, the sharing if domestic tasks, and the
admission of women to all sorts of hitherto exclusively male leisure-time
activities.

Everyone carries
round with him a fairly definite idea of the primitive or natural conditions of
human life. It is acquired more by the study of humorous cartoons than of
archaeology, but that does not matter since it is not significant as theory but
only as an expression of inwardly felt expectations of people’s sense of what
is fundamentally proper in the differentiation between the roles of the two
sexes. In this rudimentary natural society men go out to hunt and fish and to
fight off the tribe next door while women keep the fire going. Amorous
initiative is firmly reserved to the man, who sets about courtship with a club.

81 The phrase “men’s sureness of their sex
role” in the first paragraph suggests that they _____.

A. are
confident in their ability to charm women

B. take the
initiative in courtship

C. have a clear
idea of what is considered “manly”

D. tend to be
more immoral than women are

82 The third paragraph does NOT claim that
men _____.

A. prevent
women from taking up certain professions

B. secretly
admire women’s intellect and resolution

C. doubt
whether women really mean to succeed in business

D. forbid women
to join certain clubs and societies

83 The third paragraph _____.

A. generally
agrees with the first paragraph

B. has no
connection with the first paragraph

C. repeats the
argument of the second paragraph

D. contradicts
the last paragraph

84 At the end of the last paragraph the
author uses humorous exaggeration in order to _____.

A. show that
men are stronger than women

B. carry
further the ideas of the earlier paragraphs

C. support the
first sentence of the same paragraph

D. disown the
ideas he is expressing

85 The opening quotation from Margaret
Mead sums up relationship between man and woman which the author _____.

A. approves of

B. argues is
natural

C. completely
rejects

D. expects to
go on changing

【答案与解析】

81 C  根据第一段的最后一句的“maleness”，我们可确定该短语所暗含的意思应是“清楚地知道什么是‘男子汉’”，因此选C。

82 B  根据排除法可知，A、C、D在第三段中都有提及。根据最后一句话中的“automatic doubt of the
seriousness of women’s pretensions to the level of intellect and resolution
that men”可知，他们怀疑女人拥有像男人那样的智慧和决心，B项“偷偷地赞赏女人的聪明和决心”错误。故选B。

83 A  第三段主要叙述了男人认可自己的先天优势，排斥女人在职场里占据某些职位，并且怀疑女人拥有像男人那样的智慧和决心。第一段则写在每个社会男人对于成功的需求都受到认可，他们通过组织女人进入特定的领域或者展现成就来表现男子汉的特质。所以第三段基本与第一段意思一致。故选A。

84 C  从表面上说，“穴居人”的例子表面男子的主导地位是建立在“身强力壮”上的，但这只是说明本段主题的论据。因此，应排除A，选C。

85 D  根据作者第三段首句的表达，我们知道引文的观点代表了一定的实际。但是第四、第五段的事例表明，妇女的社会角色在逐步发生变化，特别是作者在第四段用了“objective pieces”和“erosion of men’s status”等表达，说明作者不赞成引文观点，据此可排除A、B两项。但最后一段表明了这种观点的形成基础，这说明作者并不完全否定这种观点，因此再排除C项，确定D项为本题答案。

Passage D

My beautiful new
watch had run eighteen months without losing or gaining, and without breaking
any part of its machinery or stopping. I had come to believe it infallible in its
judgments about the time of day, and to consider its constitution and its
anatomy imperishable. But at last, one night, I let it run down. I grieved
about it as if it were a recognized messenger and forerunner of calamity. But
by and by I cheered up, set the watch by guess, and commanded my bodings and
superstitions to depart. Next day I stepped into the chief jeweler’s to set it
by the exact time, and the head of the establishment took it out of my hand and
proceeded to set it for me. Then he said, “She is four minutes slow—regulator
wants pushing up.” I tried to stop him—tried to make him understand that the
watch kept perfect time. But no; all this human cabbage could see was that the
watch was four minutes slow, and the regulator MUST be pushed up a little; and
so, while I danced around him in anguish, and implored him to let the watch
alone, he calmly and cruelly did the shameful deed. My watch began to gain. It
gained faster and faster day by day. Within the week it sickened to a raging
fever, and its pulse went up to a hundred and fifty in the shade. At the end of
two months it had left all the timepieces of the town far in the rear, and was
a fraction over thirteen days ahead of the almanac. It was away into November
enjoying the snow, while the October leaves were still turning. It hurried up
house rent, bills payable, and such things, in such a ruinous way that I could
not abide it. I took it to the watchmaker to be regulated. He asked me if I had
ever had it repaired. I said no, it had never needed any repairing. He looked a
look of vicious happiness and eagerly pried the watch open, and then put a
small dice box into his eye and peered into its machinery. He said it wanted
cleaning and oiling, besides regulating-come in a week. After being cleaned and
oiled, and regulated, my watch slowed down to that degree that it ticked like a
tolling bell. I began to be left by trains, I failed all appointments, I got to
missing my dinner; my watch strung out three days’ grace to four and let me go
to protest; I gradually drifted back into yesterday, then day before, then into
last week, and by and by the comprehension came upon me that all solitary and
alone I was lingering along in week before last, and the world was out of
sight. I seemed to detect in myself a sort of sneaking fellow-feeling
for the mummy in the museum, and desire to swap news with him. I went to a
watch maker again. He took the watch all to pieces while I waited, and then
said the barrel was “swelled.” He said he could reduce it in three days. After
this the watch AVERAGED well, but nothing more. For half a day it would go like
the very mischief, and keep up such a barking and wheezing and whooping and
sneezing and snorting, that I could not hear myself think for the disturbance;
and as long as it held out there was not a watch in the land that stood any
chance against it. But the rest of the day it would keep on slowing down and
fooling along until all the clocks it had left behind caught up again. So at
last, at the end of twenty-four hours, it would trot up to the judges’ stand
all right and just in time. It would show a fair and square average, and no man
could say it had done more or less than its duty. But a correct average is only
a mild virtue in a watch, and I took this instrument to another watchmaker. He
said the kingbolt was broken. I said I was glad it was nothing more serious. To
tell the plain truth, I had no idea what the kingbolt was, but I did not choose
to appear ignorant to a stranger. He repaired the kingbolt, but what the watch
gained in one way it lost in another. It would run awhile and then stop awhile,
and then run awhile again, and so on, using its own discretion about the
intervals. And every time it went off it kicked back like a musket. I padded my
breast for a few days, but finally took the watch to another watchmaker. He
picked it all to pieces, and turned the ruin over and over under his glass; and
then he said there appeared to be something the matter with the hair-trigger.
He fixed it, and gave it a fresh start. It did well now, except that always at
ten minutes to ten the hands would shut together like a pair of scissors, and
from that time forth they would travel together.

86 The word “sneaking” is the closest in
meaning to _____.

A. weird

B. intriguing

C. unexpressed

D. horrible

87 The writer’s attitude towards the
watchmaker in the chief jeweler’s is _____.

A. appreciative

B. despising

C. ambiguous

D. loathing

88 According to the passage, which of the
following rhetorical method is NOT used?

A. metaphor

B. pun

C.
personification

D. contrast

89 It can be inferred from the passage that the writer is in the
_____ mood after his watch was repaired for the second time.

A. critical

B. indignant

C. solitary

D. delightful

90 According to the passage, what makes
the writer NOT believe that his watch needed repairing?

A. He was
uncertain of the skills of the watchmaker

B. He has
accustomed to the state of his watch

C. He has deep
love of his beautiful new watch

D. He view that
his watch was perfect could not be easily changed

【答案与解析】

86 C  根据文中“I seemed to detect in myself a sort of sneaking fellow-feeling for
the mummy in the museum, and desire to swap news with him.”，此句意为“我似乎在自己身上发现了一种对博物馆里木乃伊的偷偷摸摸的感觉，想要和他交换消息。”sneaking偷偷摸摸的，与C项意思一致。故选C。

87 D  根据文中“while I danced around him in anguish, and implored him to let the
watch alone, he calmly and cruelly did the shameful deed.”可知，作者极力想要告诉钟表匠他的手表没有慢，甚至恳求他别去管他的手表，但是钟表匠执意做了那可耻的事，将他的手表调快了。由此可知作者对于钟表匠的态度应是厌恶的，D项loathing厌恶的，符合题意。故选D。

88 D  文章使用了大量的句子，将手表拟人化，运用了大量的暗喻和双关，唯独没有将手表与另外的东西进行对比，D项contrast对比符合题意。故选D。

89 C  根据文章中“and by and by the comprehension came upon me that all solitary and
alone I was lingering along in week before last, and the world was out of sight”可知，作者的手表在第二次修理之后变慢了，他开始误火车，错过所有的约会，甚至误了晚餐，使作者感觉仿佛孤独地徘徊在过去，世界都看不见了。故选C。

90 D  根据文章开头的“I had come to believe it infallible in its judgments about the time
of day, and to consider its constitution and its anatomy imperishable.”可知，作者深信他的手表很准，不会轻易坏掉。故选D。

Section B: ANSWER
QUESTIONS (30 points)

Direction: Give a brief answer to each
of the questions listed at the end of the following passage in about 50 words.

Doing Chores

I have been
doing chores, being for a brief spell alone in a house that recently was a stir
with bustle and echoed with the voices of a gathered family. For those, who may
be in some doubt as to the nature of chores, their variety, their pleasures and
their drudgery, I am prepared to deliver a short disquisition

The first point
about chores is that they are repetitive. They come every day or thereabouts,
and once done they require after a certain time to be done again. In this
regard a chore is the very opposite of a “happening”—that strange sort of event
which a few years back was so much in fashion. For a happening was in essence
unrepeatable; it came about in ways no one could predict, taking form from
vaporous imaginings or sudden impulse. Chores, by contrast, can be foreseen in advance;
for better or worse, I know that tomorrow I must be reenacting rite same small
round of ritualistic deeds; and they arise, moreover, from practical
necessities, not from poetic flights.

A second point
about chores is that they leave no visible mark of improvement or progress
behind them. When I am finished, firings will be precisely as they were
before—except that the fires will have been set, rite garbage disposed of, and the
garden weeded. In this they are different from rite works which optimistically
I undertake. Ozymandias may have been presumptuous, but he was essentially
right when he looked about him and said: “See how my works endure!” A
work, once achieved, leaves a mark upon rite world; nothing is ever quite the same
again. The page of a book may have been printed or a page of manuscript
written; a sketch, a poem, a song composed; or perhaps some happy achievement
reached in one of rite more evanescent art forms like rite dance or cooking.
All these have an existence of their own, outside of time, and at least for a
little while live on in rite mind of their creator and perhaps a few of his
friends.

The well-meaning
wife, seeing her husband about his chores, will miss the character of his
performance. “Henry loves to cut wood,” she will say; “he positively dotes on controlling
the flow of waste from dinner-table to compost heap.” The wife is perhaps
trying to appease an unnecessary sense of guilt at seeing her spouse engaged in
mundane efforts. The fact is, he doesn’t love doing chores. But neither does he
feels humiliated or out of sorts for having to do them. The nature of a chore
is that it is neither pleasant nor unpleasant in itself; it is entirely
neutral—but it is obligatory.

Neutral—and yet
I must confess that with their repetition, and perhaps because of their very
inconsequence, chores can in the end evoke a mild sort of satisfaction. Here,
as in more heroic fields of endeavor, a certain basic craft asserts itself To do
what must be done neatly, efficiently, expeditiously—” without rest and without
haste”—lights a small fire deep in rite interior being and puts a man in good
humor with the world. Santayana described leisure as “being at home among manageable
things”; and if he was right we who are the chore-doers of rite world are rite
true leisure classes. At least one can be sure that no chore will defeat us;
none will raise insuperable obstacles, or leave us deflated as when rite divine
muse abandons her devotee

A man I know
became seduced by the minor pleasure of doing chores  or at any rate by
the absence of pain which they involve—and could be seen from morning till
nightfall trotting about his small domain, putting everything in order, setting
everything to rights that rite slow process of time had disturbed. He was
perhaps going too far. To season chores with work, and to intersperse them with
a few happenings, is the secret of a contented existence. Fortunate file mail
or woman who achieves a just balance between these three types of activity—as I
have been able to do by good chance, and for a little space of time.

91 Give four characteristics of “chores”.

92 What distinction does the author make
between a “chores” and a “happening”?

93 What distinction does the author make
between “chores” and “work”?

94 What is your understanding of that the author says about a
person “who achieves a just balance among chores, happenings, and work as being
fortunate”?

【答案与解析】

91 Chores are repetitive, unimprovable, neutral
and obligatory.

（根据第二段第一句话和第三段第一句话可知，家务活是重复性的且不可改善的，根据第四段最后一句话可知吧，家务活是中立的、义务的。）

92 Chores are repetitive while happening
is not.

（根据第二段中“They come every day or thereabouts, and once done they require after
a certain time to be done again. In this regard a chore is the very opposite of
a “happening”—that strange sort of event which a few years back was so much in
fashion.”可知，家务活是重复性的，一段时间之后就得再做一次，而事件剧则不可重复，前几年还很流行，现在就过时了。）

93 Work can be perfected while chores can’t.

（根据第三段可知，家务活干完之后，一切东西还跟以前一样没有改变，而工作做完之后一切都有所改变。）

94 Because to season chores with work, and to intersperse them with
a few happenings, is the secret of a contented existence.

（作者在最后一段指出，用工作来调节家务活，或者在他们中间插入一些事件剧是幸福生活的秘诀，所以作者说能在家务活、工作和事件之间实现平衡的人是幸运的。）

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