天津外国语大学801英语语言文学考研真题及辅导用书

考研真题

1. 天津外国语大学《801英语语言文学》（翻译及同声传译方向）历年考研真题汇总

2. 全国名校英语翻译与写作考研真题汇总

考研指导书

1. 丁往道《英语写作手册（中文版）》（第2版）笔记和考研真题

2. 陈宏薇《新编汉英翻译教程》（第2版）配套题库（含考研真题）

天津外国语大学《801英语语言文学》（翻译及同声传译方向）历年考研真题汇总

书籍目录

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2014年天津外国语大学801英语语言文学（翻译及同声传译方向）考研真题

2014年天津外国语大学801英语语言文学

（翻译及同声传译方向）考研真题

I.
Chinese-English Translation (40 points)

Directions:
Translate the underlined three paragraphs in the following essay
into English. Write your translation on the ANSWER SHEET.

母亲井

陈延禄

儿时记忆越来越模糊，惟村中那口老井，仍历历在目，忘却不了。

老井建于何时，已无从考证。父亲说，井的年龄比爷爷还大。

这口老井建于村子正中，呈圆形，井深五六丈，用石砖砌成，井口长满了青苔。井台上，用两根呈十字的圆木交叉挺起一个木制的辘轳，前面插上一根半弓形的把儿，一根长长的绳子拴着柳罐斗子直垂井底。

前来打水的人要双腿叉开，前腿弓起，后脚蹬地，双手握住辘轳把做圆心摇动，任凭那井绳在辘轳上有规则地做圆圈缠绕。老井就吱吱嘎嘎地呻吟，声音低沉、古老、悠长，犹如病重老者的喘息声。当柳罐斗子被提升到进口时，就得腾出一只手抓住它的脊骨，倒到井沿的水桶里。

打出的井水清冽纯净，有如泉水般的甘甜。它旱天不枯，雨天不涝，像一位慈祥的老母亲，无论春夏秋冬、风雪雨霜，始终滋养着村里的一辈又一辈。

每天人们都要在井边见面，特别是收工以后和到傍晚的时候，担水的人特别多，吱吱扭扭的响声，扑踏扑踏的脚步声陆陆续续，井台就成为乡亲们沟通的最佳场所。打水的人们非常有秩序，壮的谦让弱的，男的谦让女的，遇上力气小的，就有力气大的过来帮忙摇轳。更多的人在等待的时候，放下肩上的挑子，一屁股儿坐在架在两只桶上的扁担上，从裤兜里掏出纸和旱烟，用手捋着，就卷好一支烟，也顺便友好地捏一撮烟叶，递给没带烟的人。于是人们一边逍遥地吞云吐雾，一边拉着家常讲着故事，开一些无伤大雅的玩笑，惬意的笑声总在井边荡漾。一切疲劳和烦恼在这里烟消云散。

此时的牛羊也在黄昏的夕照里慢悠悠地回来了，畅饮着井旁木槽里清净的水，姿态安适。

……

II.
Critical Writing (40 points)

Directions:
Read the following passage and write an essay on it.

Reform policies issued by a few provinces and municipalities in
China on the Gaokao, or the National College Entrance Exam, in 2014, tend to
start with the English test, such as the lowering of the share of English
scores in Beijing and the deletion of the listening comprehension part from the
English exam in Shandong. The phenomenon has triggered quite a debate over its
impact on the teaching of English and Chinese in China,
on Gaokao itself, on China’s efforts for
internationalization, on fairness and some other aspects.

Participate
in the debate with an essay of around 300 words with a title of your own
choice, a clearly stated view point, and detailed analysis to support your view
point.

III.
This part consists of eight sections. Answer the questions set for
the program for which you are making the application.Write your answers or
your translation on the ANSWER SHEET. (70 points)

Section
One:翻译（及同声传译）方向部分 (70 points)

This
section is set for applicants to the MA program of translation. Part 1,
General Knowledge, and Part 3, Translation Practice, are overlappingly set for
applicants to the program of simultaneous interpretationas well.

1.General Knowledge (10 points)

Directions:
Choose
the best answer to each question and write the number of question, horizontally
five in each line, and your answer on your answer sheet.

1) In the west, ______ is best known for
his translation of the Bible into Latin.

A. Philo Judaeus　  B.
St. Augustine　  C.
St. Jerome D. John Wycliffe

2)
_____ is the English version of the Chinese novel Hongloumeng（《红楼梦》）translated
by the British sinologist David Hawkes.

A. The
Legend of the Stone　  B.
The Story of the Stone

C. A Dream of Red Mansions  D.
The Romance of Red Mansions

3) According to the historical records of the Zhou Rites（《周礼》）,
the interpreting-functionaries of the government were called________ in the
Zhou Dynasty.

A. xiangxu（象胥）  B.
xiangyi（象译）

C. fanshe（反舌）　  D.
fanshe（翻舌）

4) In
the Chinese history of translation, _______ believed that in translating
Hu-language into Chinese, there were five instances of losing the source.

A. Zhi Qian（支谦） B.
Yan Cong（彦琮）

C. Xuan Zang（玄奘）  D.
Dao An（道安）

5)
According to Peter Newmark, _________ is
personal and individual, follows the thought processes of the author, tends to
over-translate, pursues nuances of meaning, yet aims at concision in order to
reproduce pragmatic impact.

A.
free translation  B.
literal translation

C. semantic translation　 D.
communicative translation

6)
The main use of ________ is either to understand the mechanics of the source
language or to construe a difficult text as a pre-translation process.

A. idiomatic translation  B.
word-for-word translation

C. descriptive translation　  D.
prescriptive translation

7)
According to________, translation needs to be studied in connection with power
and patronage, ideology and poetics, with emphasis on the various attempts to
shore up or undermine an existing ideology or an existing poetics.

A. Basil Hatim  B.
André Lefevere

C. Lawrence Venuti　 D.
Roman Jakobson

8)
The notion of ‘_____’ was first introduced by Gideon Toury in the late 1970s to
refer to regularities of translation behaviour within a specific socio-cultural
situation.

A. function  B.
skopos

C. meme D.
norm

9)
_________ define translation as a purposeful trans-cultural activity and argue
that the linguistic form of the target text is determined by the purpose it is
meant to fulfill.

A. Literary approaches　 B.
Functional approaches

C. Pragmatic approaches D.
Hermeneutic approaches

10)
James Holmes believes that the aim of ________ is to establish general
principles by means of which the phenomena of translating and translations can
by explained and predicted.

A. General Translation Studies B.
Applied Translation Studies

C.
Descriptive Translation Studies  D.
Theoretical Translation Studies

2.
Paraphrase and Comment (20 points) [For applicants to the translation
program only.]

Directions: In
this part there are two passages about translation theories. Read the passages
carefully, paraphrase the underlined parts and make some comments upon each
passage in English on your ANSWER SHEET

according to your own understanding.

Passage
1:

Equivalenceis a central
concept in translation theory, but it is also a controversial one. Some
theorists define translation in terms of equivalence relations while others
reject the theoretical notion of equivalence, claiming it is either irrelevant
or damaging.

Passage
2:

Translation has been instrumental in
transmitting culture, sometimes under unequal conditions responsible for
distorted and biased translations, ever since countries and languages have been
in contact with each other. Thus the Romans ‘pillaged’ Greek
culture; the Toledo School transferred Arabic and Greek learning to Europe; and
up to the nineteenth century European culture was drawing heavily on Latin and
Greek translations.

3.Translation Practice (40 points)

1) Directions:
Translate the following passage into Chinese. Write your translation on the
ANSWER SHEET.

In all profitable thinking about modern education one central
fact is stated or assumed—the fact that education has become a public
enterprise. To think of it as a matter mainly of private interest, to discuss
it chiefly in terms of personal development, is to ignore the achieved
conditions of civilized life and the clear trend of progress. The spread of
public schools is but the obvious outward sign of a growing conviction
concerning all educational endeavor. That conviction was long ago proclaimed
and has now become a guide to action—the conviction that the community has a
vital stake in the education of every child. Education is a common concern not
merely because there are many children to be educated, but because there can be
no significant outcome in the education of any child which is not of
importance, not to him only, but also to others, immediately to many, more
remotely to all.

This
has always been true. Modern life, with cities and the inventions which
belittle time and space, has only made it more apparent and action upon it more
pressing. No one can think with penetration upon the results of education who
does not come at last to a fuller vision of the interdependence of men.

2) Directions: Translate the following passage into English. Write
your translation on the ANSWER SHEET.

我没有孩子，不知道当一个真正的父亲到底是什么样的感觉。但是，我在生活中看到过一些父亲的样子。就像我的好朋友黄磊，他跟我说，他经常看着自己熟睡的女儿，心里在想，女儿，爸爸很爱你，爸爸可以为你去死，为你做什么都行。这句话给我很大的震撼，演林泰这个角色，这句话帮了我很大忙。我觉得林泰和女儿的关系就是这样的，他什么都可以做，他可以冷静下来，也什么都能做得出来。说起这样的情感，还是有些起鸡皮疙瘩的感觉，很感动！

同样，我认为父爱应该是理智的，非常理智才行。如果你不理智，孩子很有可能会走弯路。作为一个父亲，你去疼爱自己的孩子，首先就是要给他正确的人生观和对社会的看法，培养他独立、自信、自强这些信念，还有生存的技能。告诉他什么是好的，什么是对的。另外，我认为一旦生了孩子就一定要对他负责任，这在生孩子之前一定要想好、想清楚，要怎么对他负责任。我所指的负责任不是说每天能给他钱，给他富足的生活。这种责任是钱远远达不到的，那就是启蒙教育。

片中林泰算是一个成功的父亲吧，他用自己的生命和名誉教育了孩子，至少孩子以后会茁壮成长。这个代价并不大，欺骗自己、孩子和公众才更可怕。

Section
Two:同声传译方向部分 (70 points)

This
section, consisting of three parts, is set for applicants to the MA program of simultaneous
interpretation, with Part 1, General Knowledge, and Part 3, Translation
Practice, overlapped with the same parts in Section One, those set for
applicants to the program of translation.

1.General Knowledge (10 points)

Directions:
Answer the questions in Part 1, General Knowledge, in Section
One, and your answer on your answer sheet.

2.Paraphrase and Comment (20 points)

Directions: in this part, you are given two passages on issues
concerning conference interpreting. Read them carefully, paying special
attention to the underlined words and then make some comments on each of them
in English on your ANSWER SHEET. You may use specific examples to illustrate
your comment whenever necessary.

1) Comprehension is not a binary variable……
When people say they ‘understand’ a sentence, generally their comprehension can
be considered incomplete.

2) Comprehension during interpreting is
a non-automatic process…….
The fact that interpreting
constraintsforce interpreters to deviate from their habitual speech
production pattern may account for the poor quality of their language output.

3.Translation Practice (40 points)

Directions:
Answer the questions in Part 3, Translation Practice, in Section One, and your
answer on your answer sheet.

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