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1. 西南大学外国语学院《211翻译硕士英语》[专业硕士]历年考研真题
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西南大学外国语学院《211翻译硕士英语》[专业硕士]历年考研真题AI讲解
书籍目录
2011年西南大学外国语学院211翻译硕士英语考研真题及详解
2012年西南大学外国语学院211翻译硕士英语考研真题及详解
部分内容
2011年西南大学外国语学院211翻译硕士英语考研真题及详解
PART I GRAMMAR &
VOCABULARY (20 POINTS)
There are thirty sentences in this section. Beneath each
sentence there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Choose one word
or phrase that best completes the sentence. Mark your answers on your ANSWER
SHEET.
1 “It is high time the doctor _____ a move
on.” thought one of the men.
A. gets
B. got
C. getting
D. was getting
【答案】B
【解析】句意：其中一人认为：“医生是时候采取进一步的行动了”。在it is high time that句式中，that引导的从句中的动词应使用过去式，意为“是时候做……了”。因此，本题的正确答案为B。
2 This is their resolution that
extra-curriculum activities _____ part of their school life.
A. are made
B. were made
C. was made
D. be made
【答案】D
【解析】句意：课外活动是他们学校生活的一部分，这是他们的决定。This is their
resolution that…should+，should可以省略。“activities”做主语，与make是被动关系，所以用be made。因此，本题的正确答案为D。
3 Accustomed to climbing trees, _____.
A. the top was
not difficult for me to reach
B. to reach the
top was not a problem
C. I had no
difficulty to reach the top
D. I had no
difficulty reaching the top
【答案】C
【解析】句意：习惯了爬树，对于我来说，够到上面没有任何困难。“Accustomed to
climbing trees”在句中作原因状语，后面主句的主语要与“习惯”构成主动关系，所以排除A，B。have difficulty to do sth做某事有困难。因此，本题的正确答案为C。
4 I beg to _____ tomorrow’s meeting.
A. be excused
B. be excused
from attending
C. be excused
not to attend
D. excuse from
being attended
【答案】B
【解析】句意：请允许我不能参加明天的会议。beg
to do sth请求做某事。excuse sb from doing sth允许某人免于做某事。因此，本题的正确答案为B。
5 Only when you have acquired a fairly
sound knowledge of grammar _____write accurately.
A. can you
B. must you
C. you will
D. you can
【答案】A
【解析】句意：只有当你掌握了一定的语法知识，你才能够准确地写作。only when引导条件状语从句，意为“只有”，后面的主句要用倒装语序。can表示“能够”。因此，本题的正确答案为A。
6 _____, he would not have recovered so
quickly.
A. Hadn’t been
taken good care of
B. Had he not
been taken good care of
C. Had not he
been taken good care of
D. Had he been
not taken good care of
【答案】B
【解析】句意：如果他没有受到很好的照顾，他将不会恢复地这么快。在if虚拟条件句中，if可以省略,但从句的语序要用到装,既将 were, had或 should移至主语的前面形成倒装,但否定词not 不前移。因此，本题的正确答案为B。
7 Helen apologized for _____ the party.
A. her not being
able to attend
B. her being not
able to attend
C. her being
able not to attend
D. not her being
able to attend
【答案】A
【解析】句意：海伦为她没能参加聚会而道歉。apologize to sb for doing
sth因为做了某事而向某人道歉。be able to do sth能够做某事。因此，本题的正确答案为A。
8 When you are traveling _____, you often
need to stay in a hotel.
A. if on
business or for pleasure
B. whether on
business or for pleasure
C. whether
business or pleasure
D. on business
or pleasure
【答案】B
【解析】句意：当你旅行的时候，无论是因为工作还是为了取乐，你都经常需要呆在宾馆里。on
business出差。for pleasure为了取乐，为了消遣。因此，本题的正确答案为B。
9 I _____ writing the paper as scheduled, but my mother’s illness
interfered. I hope you will excuse me.
A. am to have
finished
B. was to have
finished
C. was to finish
D. ought to
finish
【答案】B
【解析】句意：我就要按计划完成文章了，但是我妈妈的生病使我没有按时完成。我希望你能理解。本题考查be to have done，表示事与愿违的虚拟语气。根据题意，文章是早该写好的，但是由于母亲生病耽搁了，没有完成，而且是针对过去的事情，所以用was to have finished。因此，本题的正确答案为B。
10 He resented _____ to wait. He expected
the minister _____ him at once.
A. to be asked,
to see
B. being asked,
to see
C. to be asked,
seeing
D. being asked,
seeing
【答案】B
【解析】句意：他讨厌被要求等候，他期望部长立即见他。resent doing sth讨厌做某事。expect sb to
do sth期望某人做某事。因此，本题的正确答案为B。
11 The popularity of the film shows that
the reviewers’ fears were completely _____.
A. unjustified
B. unjust
C. misguided
D. unaccepted
【答案】A
【解析】句意：电影的流行显示出评审员的担心是错的。unjustified不正当的，未被证明是正确的。unjust不公平的。misguided被误导的。unaccepted被拒绝的，为被接纳的。因此，本题的正确答案为A。
12 The head of the museum was _____ and
let us actually examine the ancient manuscripts.
A. promising
B. agreeing
C. pleasing
D. obliging
【答案】D
【解析】句意：博物馆的负责人是热心的，还让我们真正检查古代的图稿。obliging助人为乐的，与人方便的，体贴的。promising有前途的。agree同意。agreeable和蔼可亲的，令人愉快的。pleasing令人愉快的。因此，本题的正确答案为D。
13 The multinational corporation was
making a take-over _____ for a property company.
A. application
B. bid
C. proposal
D. suggestion
【答案】C
【解析】句意：这个跨国公司正在做兼并一个房地产公司的提案。proposal提议，提案。application应用，申请。bid投标。suggestion建议。因此，本题的正确答案为C。
14 The party’s reduced vote was _____ of
lack of support for its policies.
A. indicative
B. positive
C. revealing
D. evident
【答案】A
【解析】句意：这个政党的投票减少表明其政策缺乏支持。indicative暗示的，象征的，指示的。positive积极的。revealing暴露的，有启迪作用的。evident明显的。因此，本题的正确答案为A。
15 Mary hopes to be _____ from hospital
next week.
A. dismissed
B. discharged
C. expelled
D. resigned
【答案】B
【解析】句意：玛丽希望下周出院。be discharged from the hospital出院。dismissed解雇的。expelled开除的。resigned辞职的，顺从的。因此，本题的正确答案为B。
16 Once a picture is proved to be a
forgery, it becomes quite _____.
A. invaluable
B. priceless
C. unworthy
D. worthless
【答案】D
【解析】句意：一旦一幅图画被证明是赝品，那它就会一文不值。worthless无价值的，一文不值的。invaluable，priceless无价的，非常贵重的。unworthy不值得的，无价值的。be unworthy to do sth不值得做某事。因此，本题的正确答案为D。
17 His expenditure on holidays and
luxuries is rather high in _____ to his income.
A. comparison
B. proportion
C. association
D. calculation
【答案】B
【解析】句意：与收入相比，他用于度假和购买奢侈品的开支太高了。in proportion to…与……成比例。in comparison with…与……相比。in association with…与……有联系。calculation计算，估计。因此，本题的正确答案为B。
18 He will have to _____his indecent
behavior one day.
A. answer to
B. answer for
C. answer back
D. answer about
【答案】B
【解析】句意：有一天，他将会对他不得体的行为负责。answer for…对……负责。answer to适应，符合。answer back 应答，回复。answer about关于。因此，本题的正确答案为B。
19 We were filled with _____ about flying
in such bad weather.
A. troubles
B. obscurity
C. ignorance
D. misgivings
【答案】D
【解析】句意：我们对于在这么糟糕的天气下飞行充满担忧。misgivings担忧，疑虑。troubles患难，麻烦。obscurity模糊，朦胧。ignorance无知，愚昧。因此，本题的正确答案为D。
20 We have been hearing _____ accounts of
your work.
A. favored
B. favorable
C. favorite
D. favoring
【答案】B
【解析】句意：我们一直都听到你在工作中的好成绩。favorable有利的，良好的，赞许的。favored有利的。favorite最喜爱的。favoring顺利的，有帮助的。因此，本题的正确答案为B。
PART II CLOZE (20
POINTS)
Decide which the choices given below would best complete the
passage if inserted corresponding blanks. Mark the best choice for each blank
on your ANSWER SHEET.
Successful
scientists have often been people with wide interests. Their originality may
(21) _____ their diverse knowledge. Originality often consists in linking up
ideas whose connection was not (22) _____ suspected. Furthermore, variety
stimulated freshness of outlook (23) _____ too constant study of a narrow field
tends to (24) _____. Therefore reading ought not to be confined to the problem
(25) _____ investigation nor even to one’s own field of science, (26) _____,
indeed, to science (27) _____. However, outside one’s (28) _____ interests, in
order to minimize time spent in reading, one can read for the most part (29)
_____, relying on summaries and reviews to (30) _____ major developments.
Unless the research worker (31) _____ wide interests his knowledge may get
narrower and restricted to his own (32) _____. One of the advantages of
teaching is that it (33) _____ the scientist to keep abreast of developments in
a wider field than he (34) _____ would.
It is more
important to have a clear understanding of general principles, without,
however, thinking of them as fixed laws, than to (35) _____ the mind with a
mass of (36) _____ technical information which can readily be found in
reference books or card indexes. For (37) _____ thinking it is more important
to see the (38) _____ than the trees; the student is in danger of being able to
see only the tree. The scientist with a mature mind, who has (39) _____ a good
deal on scientific matters, has not only had to accumulate technical details
but has acquired enough (40) _____ to see the wood.
21 A. derive from
B. have derived
from
C. be derived
from
D. have been
derived from
22 A. constantly
B.
predominantly
C. previously
D. preciously
23 A. whereas
B. whereby
C. wherein
D. whereat
24 A. stupidity
B. wit
C. retard
D. dullness
25 A. over
B. under
C. on
D. by
26 A. ever
B. or
C. nor
D. neither
27 A. lonely
B. lonesome
C. lone
D. alone
28 A. immediate
B. instant
C. crucial
D. critical
29 A. profoundly
B. intensively
C. extensively
D.
superficially
30 A. keep accounts of
B. keep clear
of
C. keep abreast
of
D. keep track
of
31 A. improves
B. elevates
C. cumulates
D. cultivates
32 A. specification
B. specialty
C. subject
D. superstition
33 A. forced
B. compelled
C. constrained
D. obliged
34 A. otherwise
B. however
C. unless
D. therefore
35 A. loot
B. load
C. loathe
D. loan
36 A. abstract
B. superficial
C. detailed
D. general
37 A. imaginative
B. visual
C. creative
D. factual
38 A. timber
B. log
C. forest
D. wood
39 A. reacted
B. responded
C. reflected
D. retrospect
40 A. property
B. perspective
C. prospect
D. prosperity
【答案与解析】
21 B 根据原文可知“科学家经常是一些具有广泛兴趣的人们，他们的创造性来源于其多领域的知识”。derive from源自，来自。“originality”与“derive from”是主动关系。故选B。
22 C 原文意在表达“创造性在于将人们没有怀疑过的，而又存在关联的想法联系起来”。previously之前地。constantly持续地，不断地。predominantly主要地，显著地。preciously昂贵地。故选C。
23 A 根据上下文可知“领域的多样化会刺激产生新鲜的视角，而在过于狭窄的领域进行持续的研究会让人变得迟钝”。whereas然而。whereby 借以。wherein在其中。whereat因何，随即。故选A。
24 D dullness迟钝。stupidity愚蠢。wit智慧，才智。retard延迟，阻碍。故选D。
25 B 根据原文可知“阅读不应该局限于待研究的问题上面，也不应该局限于自己的科学领域”。problem under investigation待研究的问题。故选B。
26 C 根据上文可知作者意在表达“阅读，除了不应该局限于上述领域外，甚至，也不应该局限于科学本身”。nor表否定。故选C。
27 D science alone科学本身，科学自身。alone独自的，单独的。lonely孤独地。lonesome寂寞的。lone寂寞的，单身的。故选D。
28 A 根据原文可知“除了个人直接的兴趣，为了减少阅读花费的时间，可以浅显地完成大部分的阅读。immediate interest当下的，直接的，随即的。instant瞬间的，立即的。crucial重要的，决定性的。critical关键的。故选A。
29 D 根据原文可知作者意在表达“肤浅的阅读”superficially表面地，肤浅地。profoundly深刻地。intensively强烈地，集中地。extensively广泛地，广阔地。故选D。
30 C 根据上文可知“许多人为了节省阅读的时间，肤浅地阅读。为了解最近的重大发现，他们依靠摘要和评述”。keep abreast of…了解……的最新情况。keep accounts of计较。keep clear of弄懂，明白。keep track of…记录……。故选C。
31 D 根据原文中的“unless”可知“除非以为研究人员广泛地培养自己的兴趣，只专注于自己本专业的知识会让他的知识越来越狭窄”。cultivate培养，陶冶。improve改善，增进。elevate提升，举起。cumulate累积，堆积。故选D。
32 B 根据原文“restricted to his own specialty”可知作者意在表达“局限于他自己的专业领域”。specialty专业。专长。specification规格，说明书。subject科目，主题。superstition迷信。故选B。
33 D 根据原文可知“教学的优点之一是使科学家紧跟重大发展”，oblige sb to do sth迫使某人做某事，具有“某人觉得自己有义务做某事”的含义。force，compel都有“强迫”之意，指利用暴力，权利或个人意志强迫他人做某事。constrain
sb to do sth束缚某人做某事。故选D。
34 A 根据上下文可知“通过教学，科学家和他原本状况相比，能够了解到更广泛领域的重大发展”。than he otherwise would比他原本。otherwise否则，另外，指另一种情况。故选A。
35 B 根据原文可知“对一般原则有一个很清晰的了解是更重要的，而不是把详细的具体信息塞满脑袋”。load负重，负荷。loot抢劫，掠夺。loathe讨厌，厌恶。loan贷款。故选B。
36 C 根据原文可知“a mass of detailed technical information”意为“大量详细的技术信息”。detailed详细的，精细的。abstract抽象的。superficial表面的，肤浅的。general一般的，普通的。故选C。
37 C 根据上下文可知作者意在表达“根据创造力的要求，看到木头（事物的本质）要比看到树更为重要”。creating thinking创造力。creative创造性的，富于创造力的。imaginative富于想象力的。visual视觉的。factual事实的，真实的。故选C。
38 D wood木头，木材。timber木料。log伐木。forest森林。故选D。
39 C 根据原文可知“对于成熟的科学家来说，他能反映出很多科学问题”，reflect反映，反射，反思。react反应。respond回应，回答。retrospect回顾，追溯。故选C。
40 B 根据原文可知“成熟的科学家不仅能积累很多技术细节，还能够拥有足够的视角看到木头”。perspective视角。property性质，所有权。prospect前景，前途。prosperity繁荣，成功。故选B。
PART III READING
COMPREHENSION (20 POINTS)
In this section there are four passages followed by 20
questions or unfinished statements, each with four suggested answers marked A.
B, C and D. Choose the one that you think is the correct answer.
Mark your choice on
your ANSWER SHEET.
TEXT A
After years of prospering as the world’s
workshop, China now wants to be its laboratory as well. “Innovation” has become
a national buzzword, and Chinese leaders have been tossing it into their
speeches since the beginning of the year, when President Hu Jintao started an
ambitious campaign to drive China’s economy further up the value chain. True,
new campaigns and catch phrases are declared by the government and the
Communist Party in China all the time, and there are signs that the government
intends to back its innovation campaign with more than just words.
In launching
their “National Medium and Long-Term Programme for Scientific and Technological
Development (2006-20)”, Hu Jintao, Wen Jiabao, and other top officials have
vowed to spend more on science and technology, and to insist on business
reforms. Their goal is to move China beyond its dependence on natural resources
and cheap labor, and stake its place among live economies that depend on
education and information technology.
Officials say
privately that the new policy emerged only after years of contentious internal
debate. One divide was between nationalists, who advocated a go-it-alone
approach towards developing indigenous technology, and others who were more
open to international collaboration. There were abo disagreements as to whether
the campaign should concentrate on scientific mega-projects or incremental
innovation.
One target is to
reduce China’s dependence on imported technology to 30% or less by 2020.
According to Professor Fang Xin, of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, the
initiative is a matter of necessity. China must learn to innovate if it is to
sustain growth. Foreign firms, she notes, reap more than 60% of the profits
from China’s high-tech exports. Other officials say that, on average, China’s
20,000 large and medium-sized enterprises undertake fewer than five new development
projects and generate only two and a half new products each year.
The plan also
calls for an increase in research and development spending from its current
1.23% of GDP to 2.5% by 2020, putting China in the same range as OECD
countries’ current scores. Ms. Fang says banks and government departments will
be told to help out with their credit, taxation and currency exchange policies.
According to Denis Simon of the State University of New York’s Levin Institute,
who advises the Chinese government on science policy, this move comes just in
time. “If China doesn’t do this right.” he says, “it risks becoming a good
20th-century industrial economy just when it needs to figure out how to be a
21st-century knowledge-based economy.”
But to succeed,
says Mr. Simon, China needs to attend to other matters as well. These include
an “internal brain drain” that sees much of the country’s best talent going to
work for foreign firms in China, and the country’s notoriously lax regime for
protection of intellectual-property rights. Mr. Simon predicts that such
protection will improve as more local businesses with an interest in the matter
join the chorus of complaints from foreigners.
Another huge
obstacle is the nature of China’s educational system, which stresses conformity
and does little to foster independent thinking. Confucian philosophy reveres
the teacher above all. More innovative Western economies, according to Ms.
Fang, operate under Aristotle’s maxim: “I love my teacher Plato greatly, but I
love truth more.”
41 What is the main idea of the passage?
A. China is
getting serious about innovation
B. National
Medium and Long-Term Programme for Scientific and Technological Development is
well under way
C. Necessity of
education reform in China
D. Measures for
sustaining economic growth in the years to come
42 Which of the following is NOT correct
according to the passage?
A. By 2020, China will have become an economy that depends more on
education and information than on natural resources and cheap labor.
B. By 2020, China
will reduce its dependence on imported technology to 30% or less.
C. By 2020,
China will double its expenditure on research and development.
D. By 2020,
China will be able to reap more than 60% of the profits from its high-tech
exports.
43 To ensure the successful implementation of the plan, experts
suggest all of the following measures FXCFPT that _____.
A. government
departments should help out with their taxation end currency exchange policies
B. conformity
to Confucian philosophy should be encouraged
C. protection
of intellectual-property rights should be improved
D. policies
should be adopted to attract more talent to work for China’s firms
44 By “internal brain drain”, the author
probably means that _____.
A. many Chinese
scientists are working for foreign firms instead of Chinese ones
B. Chinese
scientists are not so talented as their western counterparts
C. the brain
power of the Chinese becomes depleted
D. the inside
of the brain is damaged
45 According to the last paragraph, _____.
A. Chinese
teachers deserve higher regard for their work
B. Chinese
education should persistently uphold Confucianism
C. Chinese
education should operate on Western philosophy
D. Chinese
education system needs reform orientated toward cultivating independent thinking
【答案与解析】
41 A 根据文章第一段“‘Innovation’ has become a national buzzword, and Chinese leaders
have been tossing it into their speeches since the beginning of the year…”可知创新在中国成为了一个流行词，从年初开始，就融入了中国国家领导人的演讲中。为了成为创新型国家，不再单纯依赖自然资源发展经济，中国就此制定了多种规划。由此可知，本文重点在介绍中国对创新的重视。故选A。
42 D 根据文章第二段最后一句“Their goal… natural resources and cheap labor, and stake its
place among live economies that depend on education and information technology”可知中国的目标是不再依赖自然资源和廉价劳动力，而是转向依靠教育和科技实现发展。故A正确。根据文章第四段第一句“One target is to reduce China’s dependence on imported technology
to 30% or less by 2020”，到2020年，目标之一就是将中国对进口科技的依赖降低到30%或者更少。故B正确。根据文章第五段第一句“The plan also calls for an increase in research and development
spending from its current 1.23% of GDP to 2.5% by 2020”可知到2020年，中国用于研发的资金会从占GDP的1.23%上升到2.5%。即投资会加倍。故C正确。故选D。
43 B 根据文章第五段提到的“banks and government departments will be told to help out with
their credit”可知银行和政府部门将会提供信贷的帮助。故A正确。根据文章倒数第二段提到的“But to succeed…China needs to attend to other matters…include
country’s notoriously lax regime for protection of intellectual-property rights…Simon
predicts that such protection will improve”可知为了留住人才，减少流失，中国会改善对专利权的保护。故C，D正确。根据原文最后一段提到的“另一个障碍是中国的‘老师至上’的教育制度不利于学生的独立思考”。故选B。
44 A 根据文章倒数第二段第二句“an ‘internal brain drain’ that sees much of the country’s best
talent going to work for foreign firms in China”可知中国的人才外流是指国内许多的杰出人才都在为中国的外企工作。故选A。
45 D 根据文章最后一段可知“根据中国的教育，学生尊重和敬畏老师，这不能鼓励独立思考，更不利于创新，而在西方创新型国家的教育下，学生尊重老师的同时，更尊重真理。而后者更有利于创新”。所以推测中国鼓励教育改革，推动通过教育来促进学生的自主思维和创新。故选D。
TEXT B
Material culture
refers to the touchable, material “things”—physical objects that can be seen,
held, felt, used—that a culture produces. Examining a culture’s tools and
technology can tell us about the group’s history and way of life. Similarly,
research into the material culture of music can help us to understand the
music-culture. The most vivid body of “things” in it, of course, are musical
instruments. We cannot hear for ourselves the actual sound of any musical
performance before the 1870s when the phonograph was invented, so we rely on
instruments for important information about music-cultures in the remote past
and their development. Here we have two kinds of evidence: instruments well
preserved and instruments pictures in art. Through the study of instruments, as well
preserved paintings, written documents, and so on, we can explore the movement
of music from the Near East to China over a thousand years ago, or we can
outline the spread of Near Eastern influence to Europe that results in the development
of most of the instruments on the symphony orchestra.
Sheet music or
printed music, too, is material culture. Scholars once defined folk
music-cultures as those in which people learn and sing music by ear rather than
from print, but research show mutual influence among oral and written sources
during the past few centuries in Europe, Britain, and America, printed versions
limit variety because they tend to standardize any song, yet they stimulate
people to create new and different songs. Besides, the ability to read music
notation has a far-reaching effect on musicians and, when it becomes
widespread, on the music-culture as a whole.
One more
important part of music’s material culture should be singled out the influence
of the electronic media-radio, record player, tape recorder, television, and
videocassette, with the future promising talking and singing computers and
other developments. This is a part of the “information revolution,” a twentieth
century phenomenon as important as the industrial revolution was in the
nineteenth. These electronic media are not just limited to modem nations; they
have affected music-cultures all over the globe.
46 Research into the material culture of a
nation is of great importance because _____.
A. it helps
produce new cultural tools and technology
B. it can
reflect the development of the nation
C. it helps
understand the nation’s past and present
D. it can
demonstrate the nation’s civilization
47 It can be learned from this passage
that _____.
A. the
existence of the symphony was attributed to the spread of Near Eastern and
Chinese music
B. Near Eastern
music had influence on the development of the instruments in the symphony
orchestra
C. the
development of the symphony shows the mutual influence of Eastern and Western
music
D. the musical
instruments in the symphony is the basis of Near Eastern music
48 According to the author, music notation
is important because _____.
A. it has a
great effect on the music-culture as more and more people are able to read it
B. it tends to
standardize folk songs when it is used by folk musicians.
C. it is the
printed version of standardized folk music
D. it
encourages people to popularize printed versions of songs
49 It can be concluded from the passage
that the introduction of electronic media into the world of music _____.
A. has brought
about an information revolution
B. has speeded
up the arrival of a new generation of computers
C. has given
rise to new forms of music culture
D. has given to
the transformation of traditional musical instruments
50 Which of the following best summarizes
the main idea of the passage?
A. Musical
instruments developed through the years will sooner or later be replaced by
computers.
B. Music cannot
be passed on to future generation unless it is recorded
C. Folk songs
cannot spread far unless they are printed on music sheets.
D. The
development of music culture is highly dependent on its material aspect
【答案与解析】
46 C 根据文章第一段提到的“Examining a culture’s tools and technology can tell us about the
group’s history and way of life”可知研究一个民族的物质文化非常重要，因为它帮助我们了解这个民族的历史和生活方式。故选C。
47 B 根据文章第一段最后一句“we can outline the spread of Near Eastern influence to Europe that
results in the development of most of the instruments on the symphony
orchestra”可知近东对欧洲产生了广泛的影响，这导致了大多数交响乐器的发展。故选B。
48 A 根据文章倒数第二段最后一句“the ability to read music notation has a far-reaching effect on
musicians and, when it becomes widespread, on the music-culture as a whole”可知读乐谱的能力对音乐家的影响重大，当得到广泛传播以后，对整个音乐文化也产生了重要的影响。故选A。
49 A 根据文章最后一段可知“电子媒介的对音乐的物质文化产生了重要的影响，它是信息革命的一部分，它在20世纪所起到的作用相当于19世纪工业革命的作用”。故选A。
50 D 文章第一段提到了“research into the material culture of music can help us to
understand the music-culture”研究音乐的物质文化可以帮助我们理解音乐文化。随后作者介绍了musical instruments，phonograph ，music notation，electronic media-radio的作用和影响。可知文章主要介绍了“音乐文化的发展非常依赖于其物质方面的发展”。故选D。
TEXT C
What non-drug
treatments work to combat attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)? It’s
a question more parents are asking doctors, prompted by new concerns about the
safety of medicines used to treat a problem that affects an estimated 4.4
million American children.
In the past
three months, two advisory committees have recommended that warning labels on
ADHD drugs, most of themstimulants such as Ritalin, be strengthened
because of their possible links to rare cardiac problems.
Concerns about
misuse and overprescription of ADHD drugs are not new. But hope that the common
neurobehavioral disorder could be effectively treated without medication was
dealt a seven; blow seven years ago when a landmark study of nearly 600
school-age children found that medications were the most effective treatment.
That study also
found that the best outcomes, measured by parental satisfaction and some
academic standards, were the result of “combination” treatment: medications
that reduce hyperactivity and improve concentration, and behavior therapy to
address some of the more subtle symptoms.
While other
non-drug treatments—play therapy, cognitive therapy, psychotherapy and special
diets—have been regarded as promising, only behavioral treatment has been shown
to work. But experts caution that it is an adjunct to, not a substitute for,
medication.
Although ADHD
specialists say they consider behavior therapy a key component of effective
treatment and one that has inspired a recent resurgence of interest, many
parents don’t invest the time and effort necessary for it to be effective.
“There’s so much
lip service paid to [combined] treatments, but a lot of people just rely on medication
alone,” said William L Coleman, a developmental pediatrician. “We are a
quick-fix society and we want results. There’s a lot of time pressure on
parents and on teachers.”
A behavior
therapy regimen can be developed by a pediatrician or a school psychologist or
another mental health worker. Based on a structured system of rewards and
consequences—such as increased or decreased TV or video game privileges—the
program also includes changes in a child’s environment to minimize
distractions. Parents also receive training in how to give commands and ways to
react when a child obeys or disobeys.
Experts say
behavioral therapy sounds easier than it is. Parents often “have an
inappropriate expectation of what medications can do,” observed Washington
pediatrician Patricia Quinn. “Drugs don’t improve self-esteem, lime management
or organizational skills. But the problem is the trick, Quinn said, is to keep
things simple, especially for younger children, which enables them to succeed,
thereby reinforcing the desired behavior.
McLean child
psychiatrist Thomas Kobylski compares ADHD to diabetes: Medications are
necessary but not sufficient for both conditions. Children with ADHD, he said,
need medication as well as the skills that behavior therapy teaches to function
well at home and at school. There is an added benefit from combination
treatment, said Kobylski Studies have found that children treated with behavior
therapy can take a lower dose of medication, Kobvlski said.
Public relations
executive Susannah Budington began using behavior therapy several years ago,
shortly after Allison, the oldest of her five children, was diagnosed with ADHD
and started taking Concern.
“She’s such an
enthusiastic, wonderful kid I would never want to medicate that away,” said
Budington. Concerts, she said, enables Allison to be less impulsive and more
cooperative, but behavior therapy has helped the 12-year-old “operate as part
of our family, to play soccer and to do things with her friends. It’s extremely
important.”
One of the biggest
problems, Budington said, has been getting Allison to do her homework without
incessant reminders. One of the techniques Budington and her husband recently
devised involves Allison’s desire to get her ears pierced, something her
parents have agreed that she can do when she turns 13. When Allison does her
homework without prompting, she gets a chip she can use to move up the
car-piercing date by a week. Bad behavior means a week is added.
Trish White, n
manager at CHAAD, said that the involvement of her son’s school in his
behavioral program has been critical to the progress. Once a child is diagnosed
with the disorder, federal law requires that the school devise an
individualized education plan that accommodates the disability. That plan often
includes elements of behavioral treatment, but cooperation by teachers and
school systems varies, experts say….that most parents don’t have enough time
or energy” for behavior therapy.
Quinn, who has
seen concern about ADHD medications wax and wane during the years she has
treated hundreds of children with the disorder, regards growing interest in
behavior therapy as a positive development. “Drugs,” she said, “can only do so
much.”
51 From the passage, we can know that abdication to ADHD_____.
A. may possibly
lead to heart problems
B. is the most
effective treatment
C. will be
replaced by non-drug treatment
D. is easier
than non-drug treatment
52 Which of the following statements is
NOT true?
A. The
treatment which achieves the academic standards is an effective treatment.
B. Not all the
non-drugs are workable although they may be promising.
C. Many parents
spend little time on behavioral therapy because they only want results.
D. Parents can
learn to use rewards and consequences to cure the children.
53 Behavioral therapy_____.
A. involves
complicated rules
B. can improve
self-esteem
C. can be
applied to diabetes
D. can only be
applied by professionals
54 What do we know about Allison after she
received behavioral therapy?
A. She needs no
medicine at all.
B. She is less
impulsive than before
C. She is more
cooperative than before.
D. She can do
things with others.
55 Which of the following statements is
TRUE according to the passage?
A. Allison has
her cars pierced already.
B. To help the
kids with ADHD, we should not let TV distinct their attention.
C. As far as
medication is concerned, wax is important to kids with DHAD.
D. Kids with
DHAD benefit from the federal law.
【答案与解析】
51 C 根据文章第一段提到的“What non-drug treatments work to combat attention-deficit hyperactivity
disorder (ADHD)?”哪些非药物的治疗能够对抗ADHD呢？以及最后一段提到的“regards growing interest in behavior therapy as a positive
development”越来越多的人对行为疗法产生兴趣是一个有利的发展。由此推测非药物疗法会被用来治疗ADHD。故选C。
52 D 根据文章第四段提到的“best outcomes, measured by parental satisfaction and some academic
standards, were the result of ‘combination’ treatment”符合学术标准的是组合疗法带来的结果：药物疗法和行为疗法的结合被证明是有效的。故A正确。根据文章第五段可知“其它非药物疗法也是有希望的，但真正奏效的只有行为疗法。故B正确。根据文章第七段可知“现在是一个快速解决的社会，父母和老师都有时间和精力的压力”，故C正确。根据文章第八段提到的“Based on a structured system of rewards and consequences… to
minimize distractions”可知通过使用这些疗法能够减少注意力的分散，并不能使疾病得到治愈。cure治疗，治愈。故选D。
53 B 根据文章第九段“Drugs don’t improve self-esteem, lime management or organizational
skills”，可知作者通过提到“药物疗法不能改善病人的自尊，促进其自我管理，以及增强其组织技能”，来从侧面突出非药物疗法具有这些作用。故选B。
54 D 根据文章倒数第四段“…but behavior therapy has helped the 12-year-old “operate as part
of our family, to play soccer and to do things with her friends. It’s extremely
important”由此可知行为疗法帮助Allison能够参与家庭活动，踢足球，以及和朋友们一起做事，这是极其重要的。所以行为疗法帮助了Allison与他人一起做事。故选D。
55 D 根据文章倒数第二段“federal law requires that the school devise an individualized
education plan that accommodates the disability”，由此可知联邦法律要求学校为患有ADHD的学生制定个人教育计划。故选D。
TEXT D
Humans are the
only species in the world to use language for communication. Humans axe not,
however, the only species to make music. Other animals that use music include
some primates, dolphins and whales, birds (of course), and even mice. Using a
parsimonious approach—in which researchers deriving evolutionary trees select
the one that requires the fewest changes—song must have preceded language in
humans. In other words, we made melody before we developed the capacity to use
words.
While this
hypothesis has not yet been proven, the evidence for it is certainly
persuasive. According to one researcher, only two steps are needed to develop
the ability to sing: a capacity to make repetitive vocal patterns and the
ability to control exhalation from the chest while making different sounds in a
single breath. Take a deep breath and exhale while making the notes for
“Twinkle Twinkle Little Star.” Chimpanzees cannot do that, but we can.
There are at
least two additional steps required, however, to move from the melody of
“Twinkle Twinkle Little Star” to the words. The human brain also had to evolve
the capacity for syntax—he arrangement of words in a sentence—and for word
vocabulary. While many animals make repetitive vocal patterns with controlled
exhalations, only humans have the wiring in the brain that allows production of
language in a reproducible and learnable pattern. According to the rule of
parsimony, that relationship means that the ability for song developed first,
and the ability to communicate with spoken language evolved later, arising only
once in the history of life on Earth.
One argument for
the idea that changes in pitch and tone preceded production of words is the
combination of tone and words in some tonal languages, such as Chinese
dialects. In Mandarin, for I example, the word “ma” can be pronounced with a
high lone or a low tone and can mean either “mother” or “horse.” depending on
which tone is used. It is possible that humans communicated only with tones
before incorporating tones with words. Support for this idea comes from the
fact that music is universal among human cultures, and mothers and babies typically
communicate with one another in sing-song voices. Babies can understand and
appreciate pure, harmonious melody by the age of 4 months, suggesting that an
appreciation for the harmonious elements of song is hardwired in the human
brain.
Indeed, studies
show that the human brain has the structures for processing music through both
hemispheres. Brain imaging has demonstrated that what goes in the ears is first
processed in the auditory cortex, consisting of groups of cells that lie just
above the ears. From there, pitch, melody, and rhythm perception is processed
in the brain’s right hemisphere (at least in people who are right-handed), and
the left hemisphere senses frequency and intensity. And music is so universal
in its effects in the brain that both hemispheres must be used to determine the
meter (i.e., three-beat or four-beat units). The motor cortex also lights up
significantly when a person listens to music, even if the person is not moving.
Thus, the human brain processes music as it relates to movement even when the
body is still. From the information, it would seem that music processing is
deep-seated and widespread in the human brain. Movement is also a form of
communication, so the combination of melody and music could have made for
increased communication complexity before the advent of language.
And music’s
effects do not stop with the brain. Humans have such an ancient association
with music that listening to it can produce beneficial physical effects. In
intensive-care units that play soft music, patients need less medication to
stabilize blood pressure. Infants in intensive care gain weight faster and stay
for shorter periods if tire unit plays soft music or if their mothers or the
nurses hum to them. And music during mealtimes in nursing homes with
Alzheimer’s patients reduces altercations among the residents.
56 This article is most probably taken
from _____.
A. a music
textbook
B. a journal in
biology
C. a newspaper
D. an
encyclopedia
57 The word “parsimonious” in the first
paragraph may possibly mean _____.
A. very
unwilling to spend money
B. very
unwilling to spend time
C. very
unwilling to accept changes
D. very
unwilling to accept new ideas
58 Which of the following can be inferred
from the article?
A. The “motor
cortex” means the part of the brain which processes music.
B. English is a
tonal language.
C. Primates are
more developed animals than dolphins and whales.
D. Movement is
an advanced form of communication.
59 Which of the following facts is NOT used to prove the long history
of human familiarity with music?
A. Chimpanzees
cannot take a deep breath and exhale while making the notes for “Twinkle
Twinkle Little Star.”
B. Patients
listening to soft music need less medication to stabilize blood pressure.
C. Babies only
4 months old can appreciate melody.
D. The motor
cortex lights up when a person listens to music, even if he is not moving.
60 In the last paragraph, according to the
author, music can _____.
A. reduce
displeasures among the residents
B. reduce
disputes among the residents
C. reduce
disputations among the residents
D. reduce
dispositions among the residents
【答案与解析】
56 C 根据原文可知作者在介绍有关人类语言的出现，叙述了音乐与语言的联系，和论证了在历史上两者出现的先后顺序。所以推测此篇文章选自报纸。故选C。
57 D 文章第一段提到了“Using a parsimonious approach…the one that requires the fewest changes”，由此可知“parsimonious approach”带有的特点是“requires the fewest
changes”，故选D。
58 D 根据文章倒数第二段提到的“Movement…a form of communication, so the combination of melody
and music could have made for increased communication complexity….”，可知movement也是一种交流方式，而且旋律和音乐的结合会促进更为复杂的交流。由此推测Movement是一种更先进的交流方式。故选D。
59 C 根据文章最后一段“Infants in intensive care gain weight faster and stay for shorter
periods…or if their mothers or the nurses hum to them”可知，如果放着舒缓的音乐，处于护理期的婴儿体重增加地很快，缩短被护理的时间。作者并没有提到4个月大的婴儿能够欣赏音乐旋律。故选C。
60 B 文章最后一段提到了“And music during mealtimes in nursing homes with Alzheimer’s
patients reduces altercations among the residents”，在养老院里，午饭时间放音乐能够减少人们之间的争执。altercations争执，争辩。故选B。
PART IV GENERAL
KNOWLEDGE (10 POINTS)
There are ten multiple-choice questions in this section.
Choose the best answer to each question. Mark your answers on your answer
sheet.
61 _____ introduced Christianity into
Britain.
A. The Celts
B. The Romans
C. The Viking
Danes
D. The French
【答案】B
【解析】句意：罗马人把基督教带进了英国。
62 _____became a literary current during
the period of the successful Industrial Revolution.
A. Criticism
B. Modernism
C. Romanticism
D. Renaissance
【答案】C
【解析】句意：浪漫主义是工业革命时期主要的文学流派。
63 _____ is the largest city and the chief
port of the United States.
A. Washington
D.C.
B. Los Angeles
C. San
Francisco
D. New York
City
【答案】D
【解析】句意：纽约市美国最大的城市，也是美国主要的港口城市。
64 The first American president to be
elected from the Republican Party was _____.
A. Thomas
Jefferson
B. James Monroe
C. James
Madison
D. Abraham
Lincoln
【答案】D
【解析】句意：美国历史上第一位共和党总统是亚伯拉罕·林肯。
65 _____ is a branch of linguistics which
studies the mental process of language comprehension and production.
A. Applied
linguistics
B.
Sociolinguistics
C.
Psycholinguistics
D. Cognitive
linguistics
【答案】D
【解析】句意：认知语言学是语言学的一个分支，研究语言理解和语言产生的心理过程。
66 Which of the
following is the British oldest daily newspaper?
A. The
Telegraph
B. The Guardian
C. The News of
the World
D. The Times
【答案】D
【解析】句意：《泰晤士报》是英国历史上最古老的报纸。
67 The term “Father of Waters” is used to
refer to _____.
A. the Amazon
River
B. the
Mississippi River
C. the Nile
River
D. the Hudson
River
【答案】B
【解析】句意：密西西比河是美国的“众河之父”。
68 The process whereby on individual word is shifted to the
status of grammatical element is _____.
A.
lexicalization
B.
grammaticalization
C. categorization
D.
formalization
【答案】B
【解析】句意：单个的一个词被转化为某个语法成分的过程为语法化。
69 _____ is the dividing line between the
South and North.
A. The Hudson
River
B. The Potomac
River
C. The Ohio
River
D. The Missouri
River
【答案】D
【解析】句意：美国南北的分界线是密苏里河。
70 The setts in the Senate arc allocated
to different states _____.
A. according to
their population
B. according to
their size
C. according to
their tax paid to federal government
D. equally
【答案】D
【解析】句意：美国在每个州里都有两名参议员代表。与各州面积，人口，缴税无关。
PART V WRITING (30
POINTS)
As Reynold says, “If you have great talents, diligence will
improve them; if you have but moderate abilities, diligence will supply their
deficiency. Based on this idea, you are required to write a composition of
about 500 words on the following topic:
The Importance of Diligence
In the first
part of your writing you should state clearly your main argument and in the
second part you should support your argument with appropriate details. In the
last pan you should bring what you have written to a natural conclusion with a
summary.
Marks will be
awarded for content, organization, grammar and appropriateness. Failure to
follow the instructions may result in a loss of marks.
【参考译文】
The
Importance of Diligence
It is said that “diligence
is the mother of success” which tells us that success and fortune derive from
perseverance and one’s constant effort. Therefore, it is wise to be diligent
and work hard.
As far as I’m
concerned, first, diligence is the earnest application of one’s will, time and
energy which contributes to the accomplishment of tasks so that goals can be
transformed into reality. One of the key points to distinguish it from other
admirable qualities lies in its consistent commitment to what one pursues.
Compared with laziness, diligence asks people to exert his/her effort, and
through the devotion of time, energy and effort, a diligent person is more
likely to gain what he/she pursues as expected. Second, diligence pays careful
attention to details and requires dedication of good quality. It’s true and
reasonable to value efficiency and innovation, at the same time; it’s possible
to realize that diligence plays an important role in turning the broad visions
into practical actions. It not only means to work hard blindly, but emphasizes
striving in the right direction. If a diligent effort cannot achieve the
related aims but makes it even harder to achieve, it would be a disaster.
Therefore, it is necessary to make measurement and evaluations in order to make
sure that our effort would be worthy before we take any actions to start.
Thirdly, sometimes, diligence could be understood as working hard which
explains its most remarkable feature. It can be made full use of to achieve
prominent progress as long as we know the crucial time to be diligent in both
our work and life. As Einstein proposes, to be a genius requires 1% talent and
99% sweat. It can be justified by the saying “no pains, no gains”.
In conclusion,
diligence cannot guarantee success, but without diligence, it would be
extremely difficult to succeed. Before a task started, we’d better figure out
the intended aims as well as possible ways to make it true. In the process of
performing a task, we should be diligent, at the same time, pay attention to
details, moreover, innovation and creativity shouldn’t be abandoned but
preserved or highlighted in order to achieve the effectiveness and efficiency.
【解析】
文章首先陈述了勤奋的含义和重要性。然后表达自己的看法：首先，勤奋是将自己的时间，精力，意志力应用到具体的任务中，帮助把目标转化成现实。与懒惰相比，勤奋要求我们朝着正确的方向付出持续不断地努力。勤奋的人更有可能达到其预期的期望。然后，勤奋注重细节，关注质量。有时，我们重视效率和创新是合理的，但同时也要认识到勤奋的重要性，通过勤奋，才能将伟大的远景转化成实实在在的行动。在此过程中，我们要避免盲目的勤奋，要选择正确的方向，否则，不仅我们的努力白费，还会使我们离目标越来越远。再者，勤奋最大的特点是不断地努力。它对我们的工作和生活都非常重要。正如爱因斯坦所说，天才是百分之一的灵感加上百分之九十九的汗水。可见，勤奋对我们实现成功是非常重要的。最后进行总结：勤奋不能保证成功，但是缺乏勤奋，成功会极其困难。在我们开始一项任务之前，最好弄清楚我们的期望达到的目标，以及达到目标的各种途径。在工作过程中，关注细节，不断努力。为了同时实现效率和达到良好的效果，还需强调创新性和创造力。
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