西北大学357英语翻译基础考研真题及辅导用书

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西北大学外国语学院《357英语翻译基础》[专业硕士]历年考研真题AI讲解

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2012年西北大学外国语学院357英语翻译基础考研真题及详解

Section One（30
points）

Directions: Translate the following abbreviations, special
nouns or terminology from English to Chinese or from Chinese to English
respectively. (30 points, 1 point for each)

1 CPPCC

【答案】中国人民政治协商会议

2 UNESCO

【答案】联合国教科文组织

3 NASA

【答案】美国国家航空航天局

4 GATT

【答案】关贸总协定

5 NGO

【答案】非政府组织

6 ISO

【答案】国际标准化组织

7 free trade zone

【答案】自由贸易区

8 hard currency

【答案】硬通货

9 gold standard

【答案】金本位制

10 compensation trade

【答案】补偿贸易

11 favorable balance of trade

【答案】贸易顺差

12 G-8

【答案】八国集团

13 Secretary of State

【答案】国务卿

14 Associate Press

【答案】美联社

15 The Telegraph

【答案】《每日电讯报》(英国)

16 辛亥革命

【答案】the Revolution of 1911

17 廉租房

【答案】low-rent housing

18 综合国力

【答案】comprehensive national strength

19 经济转型

【答案】economic transformation

20 妄自菲薄

【答案】belittle oneself

21 公诚勤朴

【答案】Fairness, Integrity, Diligence and Simplicity

22 小康社会

【答案】a moderately prosperous society

23 农业税

【答案】agricultural tax

24 非公有制经济

【答案】non-public sectors of the economy

25 政治体制改革

【答案】reform of the political structure

26 民生问题

【答案】people’s well-being

27 实事求是

【答案】seek truth from facts

28 文化多样化

【答案】cultural diversity

29 和为贵

【答案】Harmony is the most precious.

30 天人合一

【答案】harmony between man and nature

Section Two  Passage
translation (120 points)

1 Translate the
following passage into Chinese (60 points)

Hemingway once
wrote that courage is grace under pressure. But I would rather think with the
18th-century Italian dramatist, Vittorio Alfieri, that “often the test of
courage is not to die but to live. For living with cancer engenders more than
pressure; it begets terror. To live with it, to face up to it—that’s courage.

After I became
ill, I embraced upon many things I had been putting off before. I read the
books I had set aside for retirement and wrote one myself, entitled the Art of
Surgery. My wife Madeleine and I took more holidays. We played tennis regularly
and curled avidly; we took the boys fishing. When I review these past few
years, it seems in many ways that I have lived a lifetime since I acquired
cancer. On my last holiday in the Bahamas, as I walked along the beach feeling
the gentle waves wash over my feet, I felt part of the universe, even if only a
minuscule one, like a grain of sand on the beach.

If one realizes
that our time on this earth is but a tiny fraction of that within the cosmos,
then life calculated in years may not be as important as we think. Why measure
life in heartbeats? When life is so dependent on such an unreliable function as
the beating of the heart, then it is fragile indeed. The only thing that one
can depend upon with absolute certainty is death.

I believe that
death may be the most important part of life. I believe that life is
infinitesimally brief in relation to the immensity of eternity. I believe,
because of my religious faith, that I shall “return to the Father” in an
afterlife that is beyond description. I believe that though my life was short
in years, it was full in experience, joy, love and accomplishment; that my own
immortality will reside in the memories of my loved ones left behind, mother,
brother, wife, children, dear friends. I believe that I will die with loved
ones close by and, one hopes, achieve that great gift of God—death in peace,
and with dignity.

【参考译文】

海明威曾经写过，勇气就是临危不惧。不过，我更赞同18世纪意大利戏剧家维多利奥·阿尔菲利的观点：“对勇气的考验往往不是去死，而是要活。”身患癌症，不仅带来痛苦，而且引起恐惧。抱病生活，并敢于正视这一现实，这就是勇气。

患病后，我着手做以前搁置下来的许多事情。我阅读了本来留到退休后才读的书，而且还写了一本题为《外科术》的书。我与夫人马德琳度假更加频繁。我们经常去打网球，劲头十足地在冰上溜石，还带儿子们去钓鱼。回顾过去几年，从许多方面来看，自从得了癌症以后，我似乎已经活了一辈子。上次到巴哈马度假期间，我沿着海滩漫步，海浪轻轻抚揉着我的双脚，此时此刻我蓦然觉得自己与整个宇宙融为一体，尽管我微不足道，就像海滩上的一粒沙子。

倘若人们意识到人生在世只不过是宇宙的时间长河中转瞬即逝的一刹那，那么以岁月计算的生命就不会像我们所想的那样重要了。何必以心跳来定生死呢？当生命依赖于心跳这样一种不可靠的功能时，它的确脆弱不堪。而只有死亡才是人们唯一可以绝对依赖的。

我认为死亡可能是人生中最重要的一环。我认为与那漫长的永生相比，生命是极其短暂的。基于我的宗教信仰，我相信在我身后那难以描绘的时光里，我将回归圣父。我相信，我的生命以年月计算，虽然是短暂的，但经历丰富，充满了欢乐、爱情和成就；我将永远活在我所爱的人，即我的母亲、兄弟、儿女和密友的记忆中。我相信，在弥留之际，我的亲朋好友将陪伴在我身旁：我希望得到上帝的恩赐——带着尊严，安详地告别人间。

2 Translate the
following passage into English (60 points)

和平与发展是当今时代的两大主题，和平、发展、合作是不可阻挡的世界潮流。当前，世界多极化、经济全球化深入发展，国际体系变革的要求突出，国际社会正面临越来越多新的历史课题。共同用好发展机遇，共同应对各种风险，成为各国人民的愿望。经济全球化成为影响国际关系的重要趋势。不同制度、不同类型、不同发展阶段的国家相互依存、利益交融，形成“你中有我、我中有你”的命运共同体。人类再也承受不起世界大战，大国全面冲突对抗只会造成两败俱伤。要以命运共同体的新视角，以同舟共济、合作共赢的新理念，寻求多元文明交流互鉴的新局面，寻求人类共同利益和共同价值的新内涵，寻求各国合作应对多样化挑战和实现包容性发展的新道路。

【参考译文】

Peace and
development are the two major issues of today’s world. Peace, development and
cooperation are part of the irresistible global trend. The world today is
moving towards multipolarity and economic globalization is gaining momentum.
There is a growing call for change in the international system and the world is
facing more historical challenges. To share opportunities presented by
development and jointly ward off risks is the common desire of the people of
the world. Economic globalization has become an important trend in the
evolution of international relations. Countries of different systems and
different types and at various development stages are in a state of mutual
dependence, with their interests intertwined. This has turned the world into a
community of common destiny in which the members are closely interconnected.
Another world war would be disastrous for the whole of mankind, and no one
would emerge victorious in an all-out conflict between big powers. It should
find new perspectives from the angle of the community of common destiny―sharing
weal and woe and pursuing mutually beneficial cooperation, exploring new ways
to enhance exchanges and mutual learning among different civilizations,
identifying new dimensions in the common interests and values of mankind, and
looking for new ways to handle multiple challenges through cooperation among
countries and realize inclusive development.

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