聊城大学211翻译硕士英语考研真题及辅导用书

考研真题

1. 聊城大学外国语学院《211翻译硕士英语》[专业硕士]历年考研真题

2. 2026年翻译硕士《211翻译硕士英语》考研真题与模拟题

考研指导书

1. 2026年翻译硕士《211翻译硕士英语》专用教材

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聊城大学外国语学院《211翻译硕士英语》[专业硕士]历年考研真题AI讲解

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2011年聊城大学211翻译硕士英语考研真题及详解

Ⅰ. Vocabulary and
Grammar (30’)

Multiple Choice

Directions: Beneath each
sentence there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Choose the
answer that best completes the sentence. Mark your answers on your answer
sheet.

1. The victory _____ the soldiers with
optimism.

A. approached

B. infused

C. influenced

D. brought

【答案】B

【解析】句意：这场胜利使士兵们充满信心。infuse使充满。approach接近。influence影响。bring带来。因此，本题的正确答案为B。

2. The _____ of the Titanic in 1912
was caused by a huge iceberg.

A. plunging

B. drowning

C. sinking

D. descending

【答案】C

【解析】句意：1912年的“泰坦尼克号”沉没事件是由一座巨大的冰山造成的。sink下沉。plunge投入。drown淹死。descend下降。因此，本题的正确答案为C。

3. Tomorrow the new priest will give his
first _____ to the congregation.

A. speech

B. sermon

C. lecture

D. discourse

【答案】B

【解析】句意：明天新牧师将在集会上发表他的第一篇布道。sermon布道。speech演讲。lecture讲座。discourse演说。因此，本题的正确答案为B。

4. She has _____ influence with the
manager.

A. considering

B. considerable

C. considerate

D. consideration

【答案】B

【解析】句意：她对经理影响巨大。considering考虑到……，为介词。considerable相当大的。considerate体贴的。consideration考虑，为名词。因此，本题的正确答案为B。

5. Dark clouds are gathering in the sky,
and a storm is _____.

A. imminent

B. immediate

C. eminent

D. instantaneous

【答案】A

【解析】句意：空中乌云正在聚集，暴雨正在迫近。imminent迫近的。immediate立即的。eminent杰出的。instantaneous瞬间的。因此，本题的正确答案为A。

6. H1N1 influenza usually has a _____ period of about 2 to 7
days.

A. tacit

B. covert

C. inert

D. latent

【答案】D

【解析】句意：H1N1流感通常有2到7天潜伏期。latent潜伏的，latent period意为“潜伏期”，为固定搭配。tacit缄默的。covert隐蔽的。inert惰性的。因此，本题的正确答案为D。

7. These flowers need watering; otherwise,
they will _____.

A. disappear

B. wither

C. flourish

D. blossom

【答案】B

【解析】句意：这些花需要浇水，否则就会枯萎。wither枯萎。disappear消失。flourish茂盛。blossom开花。因此，本题的正确答案为B。

8. The Dead Sea is _____ of any plant or
animal life because of the extremely high content of salts.

A. devoid

B. minus

C. absent

D. empty

【答案】A

【解析】句意：死海由于盐分含量极高，其中没有任何植物或动物生存。devoid缺乏的，用法为be devoid of sth意为“毫无某物”。minus负的。absent缺席的。empty空的。因此，本题的正确答案为A。

9. The article that you need is in the May
2009 _____ of Reader’s Digest.

A. journal

B. periodical

C. publication

D. issue

【答案】D

【解析】句意：你需要的文章在2009年五月号的《读者文摘》杂志上。在英语中表示报纸杂志的期数时用issue。journal日报。periodical期刊。publication出版物。因此，本题的正确答案为D。

10. I think my friends are spending the
weekend with their _____ families.

A. respective

B. respectable

C. respected

D. respectful

【答案】A

【解析】句意：我认为我的朋友们都是和各自的家人一起过周末的。respective分别的。respectable值得尊敬的。respected受尊敬的。respectful恭敬的。因此，本题的正确答案为A。

11. Johnson wished that he _____ last year.

A. had
accompanied his father to Europe

B. accompanied
his father to Europe

C. would have
accompanied his father to Europe

D. should have
accompanied his father to Europe

【答案】C

【解析】句意：John希望去年陪父亲一起去欧洲。由题意可知，wish后的从句表示与过去事实相反的愿望，应使用虚拟语气，结构为主语+wish
(that)+从句主语+would/could
have done…。因此，本题的正确答案为C。

12. These reasons make _____ for the
children to receive higher education.

A.it is
necessary

B. necessary

C. that
necessary

D. it necessary

【答案】D

【解析】句意：这些理由使得孩子接受高等教育变得很有必要。make
it+adj.意为“使它变得……”，为固定搭配，此处形容词为补语。因此，本题的正确答案为D。

13. One’s success is determined _____ by
what he thinks as by what he does.

A. not so much

B.so not much

C.so much not

D. much not so

【答案】A

【解析】句意：一个人的成功并不特别取决于他的想法，而取决于他的行动。not
so much…as…意为“与其说……不如说是……”，为固定搭配。根据题目后半句的as可判断应使用此结构。因此，本题的正确答案为A。

14. _____ have made life easier and more
convenient is widely accepted.

A. What
computers

B. Where
computers

C. That
computers

D. Computers

【答案】C

【解析】句意：电脑使生活更容易、更方便，这一点已经被广泛接受。该句中包含主语从句，由于从句描述的是一事实，故用that引导。因此，本题的正确答案为C。

15. The girl knows nobody in the city _____
him.

A. other than

B. another than

C. different
from

D. similar with

【答案】A

【解析】句意：除了他，这女孩不认识这个城市里的任何人。other
than除了。different
from与……不同。similar
with与……相似，不符合题意。因此，本题的正确答案为A。

16. Imagism _____ movement in the early
20th century Anglo-American poetry, was a reaction to Victorian sentimentalism.

A. was a

B. that a

C. a

D. that was a

【答案】D

【解析】句意：印象派是从20世纪早期英美诗歌起源的一场运动，是对维多利亚时代的感情主义的复古运动。该句结构完整，故逗号前只能是修饰“imagism”的定语从句，用that引导，且从句不能缺少谓语。因此，本题的正确答案为D。

17. Thomas Paine wrote during the American
Revolution a series of articles, _____ was to inspire the American troops to
continue their battle for independence from England.

A. whose
purpose

B. its purpose

C. the purpose

D. purpose

【答案】A

【解析】句意：托马斯·潘恩在美国革命期间写了一系列故事，目的是鼓舞美国军队继续从英国手中赢得独立的战争。根据句子结构可知逗号后应为非限制性定语从句，根据句意可知这里表达的是“托马斯·潘恩的目的”，用whose引导。因此，本题的正确答案为A。

18. Living in modern society, people should
be _____ stress.

A. able of
handling

B. able to
handle

C. capable to
handle

D. enable to
handle

【答案】B

【解析】句意：在现代社会生活的人们能够处理压力。表示“能力”时可使用结构be
able to do sth./be capable of doing sth.。enable意为“使能够”，用法为enable sb. to do sth.。只有B项符合语法。因此，本题的正确答案为B。

19. It is required that the project _____ before
2012.

A. is completed

B.be completed

C.to be
completed

D. will be
completed

【答案】B

【解析】句意：按要求，这项工程应该在2012年前完成。it is required that…句型后接that从句时，从句用should+动词原形，should可以省略。因此，本题的正确答案为B。

20. Susan did not hand in her assignment
this morning because she had forgotten _____.

A. bringing it
with her

B. to bringing
it with her

C. about bringing
it with her

D. to bring it
with her

【答案】D

【解析】句意：Susan今天早晨没有交作业，因为她忘了带。forget to do
sth.意为“忘记去做某事”，表示没有做应该做的事。因此，本题的正确答案为D。

Ⅱ. Reading Comprehension
(40’)

Section I Multiple
Choice (20’)

Directions: In this
section there are 2 reading passages followed by multiple-choice questions.
Read the passages and then mark your answers on your answer sheet.

Passage A

Our love affair
with sugar and also with salt, another crucial but not always available part of
the diet goes back millions of years. But humanity’s appetite for animal fat
and protein is probably more recent. It was some 2.5 million years ago that our
hominid ancestors developed a taste for meat. The fossil record shows
that the human brain became markedly bigger and more complex about the same
time. And indeed, according to Katherine Milton, an anthropologist at the
University of California, Berkeley, “the incorporation of animal matter into
the diet played an absolutely essential role in human evolution.”

For starters,
meat provided a concentrated source of protein, vitamins, minerals and fatty
acids that helped our human ancestors grow taller. The first humans were the
size of small chimps, but the bones of a Homo ergaster boy dating back about
1.5 million years suggest that he could have stood more than 6 ft. as an adult.
Besides building our bodies, says Emory University’s Dr. S. Boyd Eaton, the
fatty acids found in animal-based foods would have served as a powerful raw
material for the growth of human brains.

Because it’s so
packed with nutrients, meat gave early humans a respite from constant feeding. Like
lions and tigers, they didn’t have to cat around the clock just to keep going.
But more important, unlike the big cats, which rely mostly on strength and
speed to bring down dinner, our ancestors depended on guile, organization and
the social and technological skills made possible by their increasingly complex
brains. Those who were smartest about hunting and about gathering the plant
foods they ate as part of their omnivorous diets tended to be better fed and
healthier than the competition. They were thus more likely to pass along their
genes.

The new appetite
for meat didn’t mean we lost our passion for sweets, though. As Berkeley’s
Milton points out, the brain’s growth may have been facilitated by abundant
animal protein, but the brain operates on glucose, the sugar that serves as the
major fuel for cellular function. “The brain drinks glucose 24 hours a day,”
she says. The sugars in fruit and the carbohydrates in edible grains and tubers
are particularly good sources of glucose.

The appetite for
meat and sweets were essential to human survival, but they didn’t lead to
obesity for several reasons. For one thing, the wild game our ancestors ate was
high in protein but very low’ in fat only about 4%, compared with up to 36% in
grain-fed supermarket beef. For another, our ancestors couldn’t count on a
steady supply of any particular food. Hunters might bring down a deer or a
rabbit or nothing at all. Fruit might be in season, or it might not. A chunk of
honeycomb might have as many calories as half a dozen Krispy Kreme doughnuts,
but you might be able to get it once a year at best—and it wouldn’t have the
fat.

Beyond that,
hunting and gathering took enormous physical work. Chasing wild animals with spears
and clubs was a marathon undertaking and then you had to hack up the catch and
lug it miles back to camp. Climbing trees to find nuts and fruit was hard work
too. In essence, early humans ale what amounted to the best of the high-protein
Atkins diet and the low-fat Ornish diet, and worked out almost nonstop. To get
a sense of their endurance, cardiovascular fitness, musculature and body fat,
say evolutionary anthropologists, look at a modern marathon runner.

1. Which of the following first appeared as
a staple part of human diet?

A. meat

B. sugar

C. protein

D. fat

2. The word “hominid” in Line 3, Paragraph
1 means _____.

A. intelligent

B. primitive

C. able

D. flexible

3. After meat became part of our ancestors’
diet, _____.

A. their bodies
and brains were both improved

B. they no
longer needed sweets

C. they began to
cat around the clock just to keep going

D. they could
depend mostly on strength and speed to obtain food

4. The major physical characteristics of
early humans can be found in a modern _____.

A. scientist

B. marathon
runner

C. child

D. man

5. According to the passage, the appetite
for sweets and meat did not lead to obesity of our ancestors because all of the
following EXCEPT _____.

A. the meat they
ate was high in protein but low in fat

B. they tried to
lose weight

C. they did not
have a steady supply of any particular food

D. they needed
to do enormous physical work

【答案与解析】

1.B  文章第一段第一句提到“Our love affair with sugar and also with salt, another crucial but
not always available part of the diet goes back millions of years.”，后文提到人类食用动物肉类和蛋白质比起对糖与盐的热爱则更晚一些。由此可知，人类最早大量食用的是糖类。故选B。

2.B  文章主要围绕着“原始人的食谱”展开讨论，而原始人是人类的祖先。由此可推测hominid ancestor指的是人类“原始的祖先”，hominid即指“原始的”。故选B。

3.A  文章第二段第一句提到“meat provided a concentrated source of protein…that helped our human
ancestors grow taller.”，人类食谱中的肉提供了大量营养，使得人类能长得更高。结尾提到“Besides building our bodies…the fatty acids found in animal-based
foods would have served as a powerful raw material for the growth of human
brains.”，肉类中的脂肪酸可以给人类大脑提供生长原料。由此可知，人类食谱中的肉类可以让人类的身体和大脑能力都得到增强。故选A。

4.B  文章最后一段最后一句提到“To get a sense of their endurance, cardiovascular fitness,
musculature and body fat, say evolutionary anthropologists, look at a modern
marathon runner.”。由此可知，据研究，原始人的耐力、强健的心血管、肌肉组织和体脂含量都和现代的马拉松运动员差不多。故选B。

5.B  根据题干关键词“obesity”定位至文章倒数第二段。该段提到了一些原始人摄入肉类和糖，但不会导致肥胖的原因：原始人的食物是高蛋白、低脂肪的；特定食物供应来源不稳定。文章最后一段又提到原始人为了生存而进行的打猎和采集活动需要大量体力。原始人不会刻意去减肥。故B项错误。

Passage B

There was a time
when Americans thought they understood class. The upper crust vacationed in
Europe and worshiped an Episcopal God. The middle class drove Ford Fair lanes,
settled the San Fernando Valley and enlisted as company men. The working class
belonged to the A.F.L.-C.I.O., voted Democratic and did not take cruises to the
Caribbean.

Today, the
country has gone a long way toward an appearance of classlessness. Americans of
all sorts are awash in luxuries that would have dazzled their grandparents.
Social diversity has erased many of the old markers. It has become harder to
read people’s status in the clothes they wear, the cars they drive, the votes
they cast, the god they worship, the color of their skin. The contours of class
have blurred; some say they have disappeared.

But class is
still a powerful force in American life. Over the past three decades, it has come
to play a greater, not lesser, role in important ways. At a time when education
matters more than ever, success in school remains linked tightly to class. At a
time when the country is increasingly integrated racially, the rich are
isolating themselves more and more. At a time of extraordinary-advances in
medicine, class differences in health and lifespan are wide and appear to be
widening.

And new research
on mobility, the movement of families up and down the economic ladder, shows
there is far less of it than economists once thought and less than most people
believe. In fact, mobility, which once buoyed the working lives of Americans as
it rose in the decades after World War II has lately flattened out or possibly
even declined, many researchers say.

Mobility is the
promise that lies at the heart of the American dream. It is supposed to take
the sting out of the widening gulf between the have-mores and the have-nots.
There are poor and rich in the United States, of course, the argument goes; but
as long as one can become the other, as long as there is something close to
equality of opportunity, the differences between them do not add up to class
barriers.

However, the
trends are broad and seemingly contradictory: the blurring of the
landscape of class and the simultaneous hardening of certain class lines; the
rise in standards of living while most people remain moored in their relative
places.

Even as mobility
seems to have stagnated, the ranks of the elite are opening. Today, anyone may
have a shot at becoming a United States Supreme Court justice or a C.E.O. and
there are more and more self-made billionaires. Only 37 members of last year’s
Forbes 400. a list of the richest Americans, inherited their wealth, down from
almost 200 in the mid-1980’s.

So it appears
that while it is easier for a few high achievers to scale the summits of
wealth, for many others it has become harder to move up from one economic class
to another. Americans are arguably more likely than they were 30 years ago to
end up in the class into which they were born.

A paradox lies
at the heart of this new American meritocracy. Merit has replaced the old
system of inherited privilege, in which parents to the manner born handed down
the manor to their children. But merit, it turns out, is at least partly
class-based. Parents with money, education and connections cultivate in their
children the habits that the meritocracy rewards. When their children then
succeed, their success is seen as earned.

The scramble to
scoop up a house in the best school district, channel a child into the right
preschool program or land the best medical specialist are all part of a quiet
contest among social groups that the affluent and educated are winning in a
rout.

“The old system
of hereditary barriers and clubby barriers has pretty much vanished.” said Eric
Wanner, president of the Russell Sage Foundation, a social science research
group in New York City that recently published a series of studies on the
social effects of economic inequality.

In place of the
old system, Dr. Wanner said, have arisen “new ways of transmitting advantage
that are beginning to assert themselves.”

6. Which of the following leaves an
impression on people that class distinctions are disappearing in America?

A. Americans of
all sorts are enjoying luxuries.

B. Children of
the wealthy families tend to be more successful in schools.

C. The rich
receive better medical treatment.

D. The rich have
a longer life span.

7. According to the passage, which of the
following statements is incorrect?

A. Americans
once thought that they understood what class meant.

B. America has
become a classless country.

C. Class
differences in some fields are widening.

D. Class is now
playing a greater role in American society than before.

8. According to the passage, which of the
following is NOT true about the American dream?

A. Mobility is a
core tenet of the American dream.

B. Americans are
more likely than before to end up in the class into which they were born.

C. It has become
more difficult for most people to realize the American dream.

D. Americans
have given up their American dream.

9. What does the word ‘‘contradictory” in
Line 1, Paragraph 6 mean?

A. conflicting

B. complementary

C. cooperative

D. harmonious

10. What is the correct expression about
the American meritocracy?

A. Advancement
is not based on individual ability or achievement.

B. Merit is
class-based to some extent in America.

C. It fails to
make those excellent people succeed.

D. Only the
rich can benefit from the stem.

【答案与解析】

6.A  文章第二段提到了美国阶级消失的一些表现：所有阶层的美国人都接受了奢侈品的洗礼；社会多元化抹除了一些旧的标志。由此可知，美国阶级消失的表现之一就是所有阶层的美国人都能享用奢侈品。故选A。

7.B  文章开头提到“There was a time when Americans thought they understood class.”；第三段第二句提到“Over the past three
decades, it has come to play a greater, not lesser, role in important ways.”，结尾提到“At a time of
extraordinary-advances in medicine, class differences in health and lifespan
are wide and appear to be widening.”。因此A、C、D三项正确。文章第三段第一句提到“But class is still a powerful force
in American life.”，由此可知美国还没有实现“无阶级”，因此B项错误。

8.D  文章第五段第一句提到“Mobility is the promise that lies at the heart of the American dream.”，流动性是美国梦的中心；第八段提到“Americans are
arguably more likely than they were 30 years ago to end up in the class into
which they were born.”；文中提到“流动性似乎已经停滞”，矛盾逐渐加大，由此可推断美国梦的实现变得更困难。故A、B、C三项正确。文中没有说到“美国人放弃了美国梦”，故D项错误。

9.A  文章第六段对潮流进行了解释：阶级景象的模糊化与同时出现的特定阶级分割线的加强；生活水平的提高与大多数人依旧停留在与他们相关的地方的情况。这些情况形成了对比，由此可知“contradictory”即表示这个意思。conflicting意为“矛盾的”，最符合题意。故选A。

10.D  文章倒数第四段提到在美国精英教育中，“Merit has replaced the old system of inherited privilege, in which
parents to the manner born handed down the manor to their children.”；倒数第三段提到父母的这些做法都属于“a quiet
contest among social groups that the affluent and educated are winning in a
rout.”。由此可推断，只有富裕的、受过教育的社会群体才能成功。故选D。

Section 2 Answering
questions (20’)

Directions: Read the
following passages and then answer IN COMPLETE SENTENCES the questions which
follow each passage. Use only information from the passage you have just read
and write your answer on your answer sheet.

Questions 1~3

He sleeps the
day away, and is irritable when he’s awake. She’s moody and mopes around. He
cats everything or almost nothing. She hides in her room, shunning even the
simplest chores. Does this sound like a teenager you know?

Neuroscientists
suspect the adolescent brain is wired for emotional turbulence and retreat from
the family. These tendencies may help teenagers separate from their parents and
reach out to peers. But those same tendencies can make it hard to tell when the
work of growing up is turning into a depression that deserves treatment.
Roughly one out of 12 teens suffers significant depression before the age of
18. Girls, once they reach puberty, are twice as likely as boys to become
depressed. Approximately half of the teenagers with untreated depression may
attempt suicide, which remains the third leading cause of death in this age
group.

Important
differences separate the growing pains of adolescence from depression. A
painful breakup, a rejection by peers, a bad grade or a humiliating
disagreement with an adult may cause unhappiness or frustration for a few days.
Depression dominates life for weeks or months, and may appear for no known
reason. Depressed kids who may be biologically more vulnerable than others to
environmental stress feel almost constantly miserable and enjoy very little.
But depression isn’t always expressed as sadness. The teen may be irritable, or
complain of headaches or stomach pains instead of describing a bad mood.
Energy, sleep and appetite may suffer. Some depressed kids function poorly at
school or withdraw from friends and family. And while it is normal for
adolescents to think about mortality and the meaning of life, it’s not normal
to be preoccupied with death or to seriously contemplate suicide.

Antidepressants
are neither panacea nor poison, but they do help many kids. The worries about
these drugs are famous. Right after starting an antidepressant, some kids do
become more anxious or restless, and a few may have an increase in suicidal
thoughts. But depression itself carries greater risks, it is much more likely
to cause suicide, and it can thwart healthy development. Any teen starting
anti-depressant therapy should be seen regularly by the prescribing doctor, and
the family should call immediately if the child gets worse instead of better.

Medications are
only part of good treatment, though. The measures that promote healthy
adolescent growth also are helpful for depression. Moderate aerobic exercise
relieved depressive symptoms in almost half of young adults in one recent
study. Good sleeping and eating habits, while sometimes a tough sell to
adolescents, can also improve mood. Psychotherapy can help teens figure out
what makes them feel helpless or self-critical and develop strategies to put
things right. And when adolescents latch on to an activity they value that also
helps others, their mood improves, and so does their sense of self. Imaging
studies confirm that altruistic behavior lights up the brain’s reward areas.

The future may
bring better antidepressants, along with better tools for identifying which
medications are best suited to which child. But it’s already possible for teens
to learn to sustain relationships, to turn back thoughts that spur depression
and to contribute to causes larger than themselves. By supporting them in these
quests, we can ease the transition out of childhood, and help them build more
fulfilling lives as adults.

1. What common symptoms does depression
have and what serious consequences can it lead to?

2. What measures are helpful for depression?

3. What can be expected of the future in
the treatment of depression?

【答案与解析】

1. The common symptoms include sadness,
irritation, headaches and stomach pains and so on. Depression may lead to the
suffering of energy, sleep and appetite, the poor function at school, withdraw
from friends and family and even suicide.

（文章第三段提到了抑郁症的症状以及可能带来的严重后果：症状不一定只是悲伤，还包括易怒、头疼、胃痛等。抑郁症可能会导致无精打采、睡眠质量差、没有胃口，在学校表现不好，拒绝和朋友家人交流，甚至自杀。）

2. Antidepressants, moderate aerobic
exercise, good sleeping and eating habits, psychotherapy and altruistic
behaviors.

（文章倒数第三段主要说明抗抑郁药的作用；倒数第二段提到抗抑郁药不是唯一的方法，还有其他的方式：适度有氧运动、良好的吃饭睡眠习惯、心理疗法及利他性行为都可以帮助治疗抑郁症。）

3. The future may bring better
antidepressants along with better tools for identifying which medications are
best suited to which child.

（文章最后一段第一句提到，未来可能会有更好的抗抑郁剂，以及更好的工具，用来针对特定的孩子确定最适合的药物。）

Questions 4~5

QUNU, South
Africa (AP)-Nelson Mandela sat beaming in a yellow armchair, his legs propped
up on a large stool and covered with a pale yellow blanket. Ten grandchildren
crowded around to serenade him with “Happy Birthday” and then smothered him
with hugs and kisses.

The
anti-apartheid icon celebrated his 90th birthday Friday with his family at his
home in rural southeastern South Africa and the whole village turned out.

Elders in traditional
dress came to pay their respects, sheep were trucked into the properly and a
troupe of bare-breasted young women sang and danced in preparation for Mandela’s
lunch with 500 dignitaries Saturday.

He still found time
to settle down to read a pile of newspapers, to keep up with local and
international affairs.

Sounding and
looking vigorous, Mandela told a small group of reporters he was fortunate to
have reached 90, crediting his “behavior” for his longevity.

But the man who
has become a symbol of peace remains troubled by the demoralizing poverty still
faced by so many of his countrymen.

“If you are
poor, you are not likely to live long,” he said,

His message was
simple the wealthy must do more.

“There are many
people in South Africa who are rich and who can share those riches with those
not so fortunate, who have not been able to conquer poverty,” Mandela said
during the 10-minute interview, his first such exchange with journalists in
years.

He was asked if
he wished he could have had more time with his family during a life spent
fighting apartheid and then leading South Africa as its first black president.

“I am sure for
many people that is their wish,” Mandela said. “I also have that wish that I
spent more time (with my family). But I don’t regret it.”

His third wife,
Graca Machel, whom he married 10 years ago on his birthday, said in a TV
interview that he was a lonely man despite his busy schedule as a leader when
she met him a few years after he divorced Winnie Madikizela-Mandela in 1996.
She told Al-Jazeera television she helped him reconnect with his family.

“If I could say
in a very modest way, that’s what I was able to give him back,” Machel, a noted
campaigner for children’s rights, said in the interview broadcast Friday. “I’m
happy that in his sunset years I was able to be there for him. And he is there
for me.”

Mandela was
imprisoned for nearly three decades for his fight against apartheid. He was
released in 1990 to lead negotiations that ended decades of racist white rule,
then was elected president in South Africa’s first democratic elections in
1994.

He completed his
term in 1999 and did not run again, but has continued to take a leading role in
the fight against poverty, illiteracy and AIDS in Africa.

Tukwini Mandela,
33, one of Mandela’s granddaughters, said Friday was “a special day because we
are planning a huge party on Saturday and we are hoping he is going to enjoy
it.”

“We have invited
his oldest friends who have meant something to him and have made a difference
in his life.” she said.

While not all
Mandela’s 18 grandchildren and six great-grandchildren were attending the
celebrations, many were present Friday, creating a warm atmosphere in the
house, decorated with animal skin mats and African prints on the walls.

Wearing one of
his signature patterned shirts in shades of green, gold and black, Mandela
glanced pensively out a window at the start of his interview with The
Associated Press and a few other news organizations.

“This is my
property. When I am here, I feel I own something,” he said of the homestead in
the rural area 600 miles south of Johannesburg where as a boy he herded cattle
in the hills. His grandchildren spoke of their pride in Mandela, the
responsibility of bearing his name and the desire to protect the old man who could
not be there when they were growing up.

“We are
extremely proud of his achievements and the sacrifices he made,” said Nandi
Mandela, 40. “His humanity and his love for the people, especially children
have made him into this world icon. We love him dearly.”

She said
birthdays have always been special occasions for her grandfather. She recalled
how, without fail, she would receive a greeting card from him in prison even
though he was only allowed to write a limited number of letters every month.

Mandela’s
birthday is annual cause for celebration across South Africa and draws
attention from his many local and international admirers.

Two runners
holding South African flags circled Robben Island, where Mandela spent most of
his 27 years in jail. In Johannesburg, children celebrated with birthday cake
at the offices of the foundation Mandela founded alter stepping down as
president in 1999. And his African National Congress party unfurled giant
banners featuring his image at its downtown headquarters.

Birthday
messages have been pouring in, including one Friday from President Bush, who
applauded Mandela as “a great example of courage, hope, and the power of
freedom.”

Mandela at first
planned a quiet affair at his home in the picturesque Xhosa homeland, with its
rolling hills and turquoise huts. But there are now a variety of events planned
in his honor in and around Qunu, including a soccer festival and a pop concert.
The lunch Saturday will be attended by President Thabo Mbeki and veterans of
the anti-apartheid struggle.

An exhibition of
letters that children wrote to Mandela and the late U.S. civil rights
campaigner Rosa Parks will be displayed at the Nelson Mandela Museum, a short
distance from his house.

“He is like a
typical birthday boy.” said Ndileka Mandela, 43. Adding that he frequently
checked to see who was on the guest list. “He really wants to have the birthday
here.”

Bantu Holomisa,
a former leader of the Xhosa homeland and close family friend, has been helping
oversee preparations for Saturdays event.

The oxen were
slaughtered according to traditional rituals and local women worked on a meal
to be shared by local villagers, lie said.

“For him
(Mandela) the community is more important than the guests who he knows are
going, to be well looked after.” Holomisa said.

It was clear
Mandela is very important to the community. Schoolgirls shouted birthday
greetings from taxi windows as they drove past the house, little children
dressed in rags sang outside the gate and people came and went throughout the day.

“Today is an
important day for the family of Mandela.” said Nokwanele Balizulu, chief of
Qunu. “Mandela is our father, our grandfather who released front the apartheid
government and who was prepared to die for us.”

4. What message was conveyed when Mandela
said “if you are poor, you are not likely to live long”?

5. Describe in your own words Mandela’s
major experiences according to the passage.

【答案与解析】

4. Mandela meant that the wealthy must do
more.

（文章在引用曼德拉的这句话时对其进行了解释：他想传达的信息很简单——富人必须付出更多。）

5. Mandela is the anti-apartheid icon of
South Africa and the symbol of peace, respected by people of South Africa. In
all his life he has been devoted to the career of fighting against apartheid,
and for this reason he was imprisoned for nearly three decades. He was released
in 1990 to lead negotiations that ended racist white rule and became the
president of South Africa. He completed his term in 1999 but continued to take
a leading role in fighting against poverty, illiteracy and AIDS in Africa.

（文章中穿插讲述了曼德拉一生的经历，概括总结即可。）

Ⅲ. Writing (30’)

Write a composition of about 400 words on
the title “On Happiness”.

【参考范文】

On
Happiness

Happiness is
what all of the people are pursuing for. People see happiness as something
difficult to find, and each of them has different definitions about happiness. Some
think having lots of money can bring happiness; some think having many friends
means happiness; and some other people regard being famous as happiness…So what
in the world in happiness? In fact, it really doesn’t have a fixed definition
and it’s not hard to find. In my opinion, happiness means a lot of things as
follows, which can be easily achieved.

Happiness means
giving help to people around you kindly and selflessly. I enjoy helping other
people, and when I see their happy faces after receiving my help, I will feel
happiness is around me. For me, being kind and selfless can make me happy.
Happiness is a thing that can be “contagious”. I think if you want to be happy,
first make people around you happy. Then if surrounded by happy people, you can
be happy too. Kindly and selflessly helping others is the best way to achieve
happiness, because people will know there is always someone for them and feel
they are not helpless, thus become happy, while making contribution can also
bring you happiness.

Happiness means
having some interests and hobbies. All of us have our own interests and
hobbies, if we are able to do them freely, we will own happiness. For example,
if you love music, you can listen to it to relieve your sadness and make you
happy; if you enjoy painting, painting a successful artwork can give you
happiness, etc.. Interests and hobbies are what we enjoy most, so if doing them
freely, they can surely produce happiness for us. So why not develop some
interests and hobbies?

Happiness means
having family and friends by my side. Family and friends are indispensable
parts of my life, who will appreciate me when I succeed and give me comfort
when I failed. Therefore, having them by my side will make me feel that I always
have support behind me and don’t need to be afraid of difficulties and
failures, thus bringing me relief and happiness. Without them I’ll feel at a
loss. Actually, family and friends are important for everybody, because they
are the strongest backing and the guarantee of our happiness.

Different people
see happiness from different perspectives. As for me, I think being happy is
quite simple helping others, enjoying interests and hobbies and having family
and friends around me can all make me find happiness. All in all, happiness is
not hard to find or means doing big things. If paying attention to the small
things around you, you’ll finally find your own happiness.

【解析】

本文标题为“关于幸福”。文章开头说明了一些关于幸福的普遍观点以及作者自己的观点：很多人认为幸福很难得，或是需要成就一番大事业才能获得幸福。不同的人有不同的观点，但在作者看来，幸福没有明确的定义，并在下文列举了作者所认为的幸福：无私而友好地帮助他人；有自己的兴趣与爱好；有家人朋友的支持与陪伴。文章结尾再次说明“不同人对于幸福的定义不同”，说明自己所认为的幸福，并说明一个道理——幸福并不难发现，只要关注周围的小事，一定能找到属于自己的幸福。

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