湘潭大学357英语翻译基础考研真题及辅导用书

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湘潭大学外国语学院《357英语翻译基础》[专业硕士]历年考研真题AI讲解

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2011年湘潭大学357英语翻译基础考研真题及详解

I. Expression
Translation (30’ = 1’×30)

Directions: Translate the following words, abbreviations or terminology into
their target language respectively. There are altogether 30 items in this part
of the test, 15 in English and 15 in Chinese, with one point for each. (1’
x30=30’)

1 EU

【答案】欧盟 (European Union)

2 UN

【答案】联合国 (United Nations)

3 CPI

【答案】消费者价格指数 (Consumer Price Index)

4 ASEAN

【答案】东南亚国家联盟(东盟)  (Association of
Southeast Asian Nations)

5 OPEC

【答案】石油输出国家组织 (Organization of
Petroleum Exporting Countries)

6 ATM

【答案】自动出纳机 (Automatic Teller Machine)

7 CPC

【答案】中国共产党（Communist Party of China）

8 GDP

【答案】国内生产总值 (Gross Domestic Product)

9 treasury bonds

【答案】长期国债

10 international common practice

【答案】国际惯例

11 cash on delivery

【答案】货到付款

12 economic globalization

【答案】经济全球化

13 head-hunting company

【答案】猎头经济

14 bubble economy

【答案】泡沫经济

15 brain drain

【答案】人才流失

16 白马王子

【答案】Prince Charming

17 按揭贷款

【答案】mortgage loans

18 变相涨价

【答案】disguised inflation

19 博彩业

【答案】lottery industry

20 春运

【答案】the Spring Festival transport season

21 扶贫

【答案】poverty alleviation

22 各就各位

【答案】on your marks

23 黑社会

【答案】gangdom

24 扩大内需

【答案】expand domestic demand

25 买一送一

【答案】buy one get one free

26 外汇管制

【答案】exchange control

27 喜忧参半

【答案】mingled hope and fear

28 不可再生资源

【答案】non-renewable resources

29 优胜劣汰

【答案】survival of the fittest

30 信、达、雅

【答案】faithfulness, expressiveness, elegance

II. Passage
Translation (120’ = 60’ x 2)

Directions: Translate the following source texts into their target language
respectively. There are altogether 2 texts in this part of the test, 1 in English
and 1in Chinese, with 60 points for each. (60’x2=120’)

Source Text 1:

The old man
would surely be proud. This week some 300 representatives, from 35different
countries, gathered in Beijing’s Great Hall of the People for the first-ever
Confucius Institute conference. This was no philosophical pow-wow, but the
world’s largest-ever conference on teaching Chinese as a foreign language.
Confucius Institutes are China’s answer to the Alliance Francaise, Germany’s
Goethe Institute and the British Council, and officials hope they will help
meet a growing global demand for Chinese-language education.

Confucius
Institutes have got off to a roaring start. The first was established in Uzbekistan
in June 2004, the 75th in Poland exactly two years later. No other Chinese international
franchise has done as well. Officially, they are overseen by Hanban, the agency
charged by the Education Ministry with promoting the teaching of Chinese
overseas.

But Hanban’s
staff of only around 50 can barely cope with the volume of applications, on top
of its other duties which include administering Hanyu Shuiping Kaoshi, the
standard test of proficiency in Chinese.

So Hanban has
let the network grow organically. One key to its success has been the use of
joint ventures. The institutes are not run by Hanban, but by partnerships
between Chinese universities and local universities in the host country. The
host university takes the responsibility for housing the institute; its Chinese
partner provides the teaching staff and materials.

A second
advantage is the institutes’ ability to adapt to local demands, rather than following
a set curriculum. Thus, in Nairobi, you can learn how to make Tianjin
dumplings, while in Singapore you can sign up for a 14-day study tour of the
sage’s hometown, Qufu, in Shandong province.

Hanban claims
that the primary role of the Confucius Institutes is to teach Chinese, but their
name is also evocative of China’s former influence in Asia, and its growing
presence now. Even in the 21st century, Confucius is proving to be China’s best
ambassador. (318 words)

【参考译文】孔老夫子肯定会感到自豪。本周，来自35个国家的近300名代表在北京人民大会堂召开了首届孔子学院大会。这不是一次讨论哲学思想的会议，而是迄今为止最大的一次研究对外汉语教学的大会。孔子学院的意义如同法兰西联谊会、德国歌德学院和英国文化协会，中国官员希望它将有助于满足全球对汉语教学日益增长的需求。

孔子学院一开始发展就非常迅猛。第一所孔子学院于2004年6月在乌兹别克斯坦塔什干成立，短短两年后在波兰克拉科夫就成立了第75所。目前中国还没有哪一家国际机构能与之媲美。这些孔子学院的官方主管部门为国家汉办（国家汉语国际推广领导小组办公室），后者是教育部下属机构，负责海外汉语教学推广。

不过，仅有50名左右工作人员的汉办实在难以应付纷至沓来的办学申请，而且它还担负其它一些职责比如汉语水平考试管理（考查汉语掌握程度的标准考试）。

因此，汉办有条不紊地扩大办学网络。其成功的秘诀之一是采取合资办学的方式。这些学院不归汉办管理，而归一些中国大学和所在国大学联合主办。所在国大学负责安排校舍，而中方则负责提供师资和教材。

这种做法的第二个好处在于，学院可以因地制宜，而不用遵循固定课程模式。这样一来，在内罗毕可以学做天津包子，而在新加坡则可以报名参加赴孔圣人故乡——山东曲阜的为期十四天的学术旅行团。

汉办称，孔子学院的首要任务是汉语教学，但是它们的名字也让人想起了中国在亚洲曾经拥有的影响力及其越来越重要的地位。虽说已经到了21世纪，但事实表明孔子仍是中国最杰出的使者。

Source Text 2:

全球气候变化及其不利影响是人类共同关心的问题。工业革命以来的人类活动，尤其是发达国家在工业化过程中大量消耗能源资源，导致大气中温室气体浓度增加，引起全球气候近50年来以变暖为主要特征的显著变化，对全球自然生态系统产生了明显影响，对人类社会的生存和发展带来严重挑战。

中国是一个发展中国家，人口众多、经济发展水平低、气候条件复杂、生态环境脆弱，易受气候变化的不利影响。气候变化对中国自然生态系统和经济社会发展带来了现实的威胁，主要体现在农牧业、林业、自然生态系统、水资源等领域以及沿海和生态脆弱地区，适应气候变化已成为中国的迫切任务。同时，中国正处于经济快速发展阶段，面临着发展经济、消除贫困和减缓温室气体排放的多重压力，应对气候变化的形势严峻，任务繁重。(324 words)

【参考译文】Global climate change and its adverse
effects are a common concern of mankind. Ever since the industrial revolution,
human activities, especially the massive consumption of energy and resources by
developed countries in the process of industrialization, have increased the
atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases, produced conspicuous impacts on
the natural ecosystems of the Earth, and posed severe challenges to the
survival and development of human society.

As a developing
country with a large population, a relatively low level of economic
development, a complex climate and a fragile eco-environment, China is
vulnerable to the adverse effects of climate change, which has brought
substantial threats to the natural ecosystems as well as the economic and
social development of the country. These threats are particularly pressing in
the fields of agriculture and livestock breeding, forestry, natural ecosystems
and water resources, and in coastal and eco-fragile zones. Therefore, China’s
priority task at present is to adapt itself to climate change. The multiple
pressures of developing the economy, eliminating poverty and mitigating the
emissions of greenhouse gases constitute difficulties for China in its efforts
to cope with climate change, since the country is undergoing rapid economic
development.

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