湖南师范大学211翻译硕士英语考研真题及辅导用书

考研真题

1. 湖南师范大学外国语学院《211翻译硕士英语》历年考研真题汇总（含部分答案）

2. 2026年翻译硕士《211翻译硕士英语》考研真题与模拟题

考研指导书

1. 2026年翻译硕士《211翻译硕士英语》专用教材

2. 2026年翻译硕士《211翻译硕士英语》考研题库

湖南师范大学外国语学院《211翻译硕士英语》历年考研真题汇总（含部分答案）

书籍目录

部分内容

2011年湖南师范大学《211翻译硕士英语》考研真题及详解

Ⅰ.
For each of the following sentences, there are four choices marked A, B, C, and
D. You are required to choose the one that best completes tire sentence or
expresses tire same meaning as the underlined part. Write the letter of your
choice on the answer sheet. (20%)

1 Science is still largely ignorant _____ the causes of many kinds
of cancer.

A. about

B. with

C. of

D. to

【答案】C

【解析】句意：对于许多种癌症的原因，科学上仍然知之甚少。be ignorant of固定短语，表示对……一无所知。

2 On account of rain, the camp has been _____ until next weekend.

A. called off

B. delayed

C. put through

D. put off

【答案】D

【解析】句意：由于下雨天气，夏令营活动已经被推迟到了下周。delay在作“延迟，延期”讲时候，主要指的是有意推迟，所以也可以解释为“耽搁”。call off取消。put through完成，达成。put off主要用于指时间上的推迟，延期。

3 In my opinion the film On Golden Pond didn’t _____ its reviews.

A. live up to

B. come up with

C. fit

D. expect

【答案】A

【解析】句意：在我看来，《金色池塘》这部电影与其影评不符。live up to符合，不辜负。come up with想出。fit多指适合。expect期待；预料。

4 If you _____ in taking this attitude, we’ll have to ask you to
leave.

A. insist

B. persist

C. resist

D. pursue

【答案】B

【解析】句意：如果你一直是这种态度的话，我们就得请你离开了。persist in doing sth.坚持做某事。insist与介词on搭配，insist
on doing sth.执意坚持做某事。resist反抗，抵制，与句意不符。pursue追逐；追求。

5 All cars made nowadays are _____ with safety belts.

A. prepared

B. packed

C. built in

D. equipped

【答案】D

【解析】句意：如今所有轿车都有安全带。be equipped with配备……。

6 When you write an essay, please remember not to _____ off the
point.

A. wander

B. stroll

C. drop

D. interrupt

【答案】A

【解析】句意：写文章注意不要跑题。wander偏离，走神。stroll闲逛，漫步。drop off减少，下降。interrupt打断。

7 I don’t think I know the girl with fair hair although she _____
me of someone I know.

A. remembers

B. recalls

C. reminds

D. suggests

【答案】C

【解析】句意：虽然那个有着一头金发的女孩让我想起了我认识的一个人，但我觉得我们应该并不认识。remind sb. of sth.使某人想起……。

8 An outing seems _____ as it is raining hard and the wind is
blowing outside.

A. without question

B. out of the question

C. without a question

D. out of question

【答案】B

【解析】句意：现在外面狂风暴雨，看来没法出去了。out of the question不可能。without question与out of question都表示毫无疑问。without a question没有一项问题。根据句意，只能选B项。

9 Beverly is a girl who will stand _____ what she thinks right no
matter what cost to herself is.

A. up to

B. off

C. out

D. up for

【答案】D

【解析】句意：拜沃莉这个女孩她无论付出多少都坚持自己认为对的事情。stand up for坚决捍卫。stand up to反抗。stand off疏远，保持一定距离。stand out突出，显眼。

10 I’ll _____ it that each of the students gets a copy of it.

A. manage

B. try

C. see to

D. see about

【答案】C

【解析】句意：我会保证学生们每人都有一份复印件。see to it that确保。其他三项均不能与it that连用。

11 Jan was _____ the grant money to pay her way through graduate
school.

A. expecting with

B. counting down

C. expecting on

D. counting on

【答案】D

【解析】句意：简依靠助学金度过研究生阶段的生活。count on依靠，指望。expect表示期待，为及物动词，可直接跟宾语，没有expect with或expect on这样的搭配。count down倒计时。

12 It was out of _____ for him to wear a T-shirt at the reception.

A. place

B. order

C. question

D. practice

【答案】A

【解析】句意：在欢迎会上穿T恤是合适的。out
of place位置不当；不合适，不得体。out of order有毛病；出故障。out of question毫无疑问。out of practice疏于练习。

13 A gift to the United States from France, the Statue of Liberty,
was assembled and dedicated in 1886.

A. repaired

B. brought over

C. unpacked

D. put together

【答案】D

【解析】assemble组装，装配。put together也是组装的意思。bring over带来……。unpack打开（箱、包等）。

14 The home of Helen Keller was at a crossroads where people
gathered to discuss art, politics, and the state of the world.

A. huge rural estate

B. national monument

C. quiet refuge

D. central meeting place

【答案】D

【解析】crossroads除了表示“十字路口”，还表示“汇集地，核心区”。

15 Linbergh’s first nonstop flight across the Atlantic Ocean was an
act of great daring and courage.

A. a narrative

B. a feat

C. an attempt

D. a conspiracy

【答案】B

【解析】daring勇敢。courage勇气。feat表示功绩、壮举，感情色彩符合原句。C项感情色彩较弱。A、D两项意思明显与daring、courage两词不符。

16 George has a lot of work to do this month, and he is on the
go all day long.

A. on his way somewhere

B. moving from one place to another

C. out on business

D. busy and active

【答案】D

【解析】on the go十分活跃；非常忙碌。故选D。

17 Madam Curie was completely engrossed in her work.

A. disturbed

B. fatigued

C. absorbed

D. successful

【答案】C

【解析】engross使全神贯注。与其意思相近的只有absorb，也表示使投入，使全神贯注。

18 Library cards will expire when they are not used.

A. cost more money

B. cease to be effective

C. be mailed to the holder’s address

D. be continued automatically

【答案】B

【解析】expire到期，失效。故B项cease to be effective（失去效用）正确。

19 A goal of modern dance often is to express the dancer’s innermost
feelings–and emotions.

A. slightest

B. rarest

C. most personal

D. most difficult

【答案】C

【解析】innermost内心最深处的。most personal最私人的，与innermost意思最相近。

20 City taxes are based onan estimate of the value of one’s
property.

A. an appraisal

B. a forecast

C. a diagnosis

D. an outline

【答案】A

【解析】appraisal评估，与estimate（估计）意思相近。

Ⅱ. Fill in the blanks with the given verbs in
their proper forms and write your answers on the answer sheet. (15%)

21 I _____ (have) a bath when the phone rang.

【答案】was having

【解析】句意：电话响的时候，我正在洗澡。从句意上看，应用过去进行时，表示过去正在进行的动作。

22 I _____ (wait) for you at the cinema at six tomorrow evening.

【答案】will wait

【解析】时间状语tomorrow evening表示将来，故用一般将来时。

23 So far 12 bridges _____ (build) in that area.

【答案】have been built

（so far到目前为止，是现在完成时的常见时间状语之一。）

24 She left the office when she _____ (type) the documents.

【答案】had typed

【解析】句意：他打完文件之后，离开了办公室。从逻辑上判断，“打文件”发生在“离开办公室”之前，而离开办公室已经是过去的动作，这里表示“过去的过去”，故用过去完成时。

25 He said he _____(be) here as soon as he was wanted.

【答案】would be

【解析】我说只要有需要，他就会马上出现。这里表示“将会出现”，是未来的动作，故用将来时。而主句谓语said已是过去时，故此处表示“过去的将来”，故用过去将来时。

26 — You look tired.

—Yes, I _____ (write) letters since breakfast.

【答案】have been writing

【解析】句意：我从吃完早餐开始就一直在写信。是过去到现在持续进行的动作，而且写信可能会持续下去，故用现在完成进行时。

27 They _____ (cross) the river by lunch time if they can find a
ferry boat.

【答案】will cross

【解析】句意：如果找到渡船，他们在午饭时间之前就能穿过河流了。if引导的句子，从句用一般现在时的时候，主句则用一般将来时。

28 The boy looked disappointed _____ (lose) the chance to study
abroad.

【答案】losing

【解析】非谓语动词与主语the boy是主动关系，故用现在分词形式。

29 Don’t tell me you always escape _____ (fine) because you have a
very fast sports car.

【答案】from being fined

【解析】escape from doing
sth逃过了……。

30 Not a single case of T.B. was found in the X-rays _____ (study)

【答案】studied

【解析】在对这些人进行X光检查后，并未发现有患有肺结核的病例。study在此处意思是审视，细看。X-rays与study是被动关系，故study用过去分词形式。

31 The last touch _____ (finish), the artist put down his brush and
sat down with a _____ (satisfy) look.

【答案】finished; satisfied

【解析】the last touch与finish是被动关系，故用过去分词形式。satisfying表示令人满意的。而此处指的是人的表情，故用satisfied，表示感到满意的。

32 _____(Live) in Berlin many years, he knew the city very well.

【答案】Have been living

【解析】在柏林住了很多年了，他对这座城市十分熟悉。显然非谓语动词动作发生在主句knew之前，因此用现在完成时。又因住在柏林的状态还有可能会持续下去，故用现在完成进行时。

33 He asked me what I _____ (do ) about the problem if I _____ (be)
in his shoes.

【答案】would do; were

【解析】当主句的谓语动词的时态是一般过去时的时候，其宾语从句的时态要用适当的过去时态。

Ⅲ. In this part you will read 4 passages. Each
passage is followed by five multiple choice questions. Choose the one answer
that best suits the requirement, and put the answers on the Answer Sheet. (40%)

Passage 1

A gripping,
fast-paced tale of adventure, The Call of the Wild focuses on Buck, a sheepdog
stolen from a California farm and transported to the arctic. Buck’s struggle to
survive on the arctic trail demonstrates the uncertain nature of life in the
wild. Although it is an engaging animal story, the reader cannot help but draw
parallels between Buck’s experience and that of humans. The book suggests that
environment shapes character, and emphasizes that primitive character—often
hidden beneath a layer of civilization—is never lost to the individual.
Providing a fascinating glimpse of a way of life that has almost disappeared,
the novel suggests that creatures survive best when they adapt to the natural
world, rather than trying to impose changes on their environment.

The story begins
in 1897, at the start of the Gold Rush. The discovery of gold in the Klondike—a
region in northwestern Canada—prompted thousands of gold seekers to head for
the far north, all of them desperately in need of dogs to pull sleds across the
harsh arctic trails. Buck, a large dog who has enjoyed a leisurely life on a
California farm, is stolen and shipped to the Yukon. Buck learns to survive in
this cruel environment; he begins to discover the primitive knowledge of his
ancestors, and in time he responds to the call of the wild. Because the book
focuses upon Buck’s experience, the human characters are of secondary
importance. Buck is a magnificent dog, part shepherd and part St. Bernard. His
superior strength enables him to adapt readily to the northern climate and the
harsh demands of his labors. But he possesses one additional
quality—imagination. Buck fights with his head as well as his strength.
Adaptability is a dominant theme in this novel. In order to survive in the
arctic, Buck must learn “the law of club and fang”. Buck is first taught this
law by the club wielding sled drivers, who show him that the strongest
individuals are the ones who rule. Buck also learns this primitive law from the
other team dogs, such as Dave, Solleks, and the vicious team leader, Spitz.
From them, Buck learns that he must either bite or be bitten, master or be
mastered.

34 About this
novel, which of the following statement is NOT true?

A. The novel
focused upon the experiences of a dog named Buck

B. The main
theme was to tell its readers the life in the arctic wild

C. The book
stressed the influences of environment on character

D. Creatures
have to adapt to the changes on environment to survive

35 We can draw
from the passage that the “primitive character” within Buck refers to _____.

A. Buck’s
adaptability to the cruel wild life

B. the learning
of the law of club and fang

C. Buck’s
ability to fight with head and claw

D. becoming the
strongest individual to rule

36 The story
was set primarily in _____.

A. Klondike in
Canada

B. a farm in
California

C. the Yukon

D. the wild in
California

37 Buck learned
to survive in the arctic by _____.

A. its primitive
character

B. becoming the
strongest

C. the law of
club and fang

D. adapt itself
to the cold arctic

38 According to
the passage, which of the following statement is true?

A. The Call of
the Wild is about the relationship between men and dogs in the arctic

B. The Call of
the Wild is a story about the wild west during the Gold Rush

C. Buck learned
“the law of club and fang” by defeating its enemies

D. Buck managed
to survive and became a leader

【答案与解析】

34 B  由倒数第五句Adaptability is a dominant theme in this novel.可知，小说的主要主题是对环境的适应，而不是B项所说的“在北极荒野的生活”。

35 A  通过对全文整体内容的理解，可以推断“原始性格”指的是适应残酷野外生活的能力。

36 C 由这两句话Buck, a large dog who has enjoyed a leisurely life on a California
farm, is stolen and shipped to the Yukon. Buck learns to survive in this cruel
environment可知，Buck原本是生活在加利福尼亚州的一个农场里，后来被偷运到Yukon这个地方，他在这个残酷的环境中学会了生存。因此故事是发生在Yukon。

37 C  由这两句话In order to survive in the arctic, Buck must learn “the law of club
and fang”. Buck is first taught this law by the club wielding sled drivers, who
show him that the strongest individuals are the ones who rule.可知，Buck被教导这项法则，才学会了如何在北极生存。

38 B  The story begins in 1897, at the start of the Gold Rush.
The discovery of gold in the Klondike—a region in northwestern Canada—prompted
thousands of gold seekers to head for the far north 说明故事的背景是加拿大西北部的地区发现黄金而引起的淘金热。

Passage 2

It is often
claimed that nuclear energy is something we cannot do without. We live in a
consumer society where there is an enormous demand for commercial products of all
kinds. Moreover, an increase in industrial production is considered to be one
solution to the problem of mass unemployment. Such an increase presumes an
abundant and cheap energy supply. Many people believe that nuclear energy
provides an inexhaustible and economical source of power and that it is
therefore essential for an industrially developing society. There are a number
of other advantages in the use of nuclear energy. Firstly, nuclear power,
except for accidents, is clean. A further advantage is that a nuclear power
station can be run and maintained by relatively few technical and
administrative staff. The nuclear reactor represents an enormous step in our
scientific evolution and, whatever the anti-nuclear group says, it is wrong to
expect a return to more primitive sources of fuel. However, opponents of
nuclear energy point out that nuclear power stations bring a direct threat not
only to the environment but also to civil liberties. Furthermore, it is
questionable whether ultimately nuclear power is a cheap source of energy.
There have, for example, been very costly accidents in America, in Britain and,
of course, in Russia.

The possibility
of increases in the cost of uranium in addition to the cost of greater safety
provisions could price nuclear power out of the market. In the long run,
environmentalists argue, nuclear energy wastes valuable resources and disturbs
the ecology to an extent which could bring about the destruction of the human
race. Thus if we wish to survive, we cannot afford nuclear energy. In spite of
the case against nuclear energy outlined above, nuclear energy programs are
expanding. Such an expansion assumes a continual growth in industrial
production and consumer demands. However, it is doubtful whether this growth
will or can continue. Having weighed up the arguments on both sides, it seems
there are good economic and ecological reasons for sources of energy other than
nuclear power.

39 The writer’s
attitude toward nuclear energy is ______.

A. indifferent

B. tolerant

C. favorable

D. negative

40 According to
the opponents of nuclear enemy, which of the following is TRUE of nuclear
energy?

A. Primitive

B. Cheap

C. Exhaustible

D. Unsafe

41 Some people
claim that nuclear energy is essential because______.

A. it provides a
perfect solution to mass unemployment

B. it represents
an enormous step forward in our scientific evolution

C. it can meet
the growing demand of an industrially developing society

D. nuclear power
stations can be run and maintained by relatively few technical and
administrative staff

42 Which of the
following statements does the writer support?

A. The demand
for commercial products will not necessarily keep increasing

B. Nuclear
energy is something we cannot do without

C. Uranium is
good source of energy for economic and ecological reasons

D. Greater
safety provisions can bring about the expansion of nuclear energy programs

43 The function
of the last sentence is to ______.

A. advance the
final argument

B. reflect the
writer’s attitude

C. reverse
previously expressed thoughts

D. show the
disadvantages of nuclear power

【答案与解析】

39 D  从第二段最后两句However, it is doubtful whether this growth will or can continue.
Having weighed up the arguments on both sides, it seems there are good economic
and ecological reasons for sources of energy other than nuclear power.可以看出，作者对核能项目能否长久保持工业生产和消费需求的增长持怀疑态度，而且作者认为不使用核能有合理的经济和生态原因。故作者对核能持否定态度。

40 D  由最后一段第二句nuclear energy wastes valuable resources and disturbs the ecology to
an extent which could bring about the destruction of the human race.可知，核能破坏生态，最终可能导致人类的毁灭，因此核能是不安全的。

41 C  第一段第五句提到，许多人认为核能重要，因为它是社会工业发展所必需的，可以提供取之不尽且便宜的能源，C正确。

42 A  第二段倒数第二、三句提到，核能开发项目的扩大是为了保证工业生产和消费需求的增长，但是这种增长是否能够持续，这令人怀疑。

43 B  文章最后一句表明了作者的观点，即作者认为从经济和生态环境方面来考虑的话，可以利用其他能源，而非核能。

Passage 3

We sometimes
think humans are uniquely vulnerable to anxiety, but stress seems to affect the
immune defenses of lower animals too. In one experiment, for example,
behavioral immunologist Mark Laudenslager, at the University of Denver, gave
mild electric shocks to 24 rats. Half the animals could switch off the current
by turning a wheel in their enclosure, while the other half could not. The rats
in the two groups were paired so that each time one rat turned the wheel it
protected both itself and its helpless partner from the shock. Laudenslager
found that the immune response was depressed below normal in the helpless rats
but not in those that could turn off the electricity. What he has demonstrated,
he believes, is that lack of control over an event, not the experience itself,
is what weakens the immune system.

Other
researchers agree. Jay Weiss, a psychologist at Duke University School of
Medicine, has shown that animals who are allowed to control unpleasant stimuli
don’t develop sleep disturbances or changes in brain chemistry typical of
stressed rats. But if the animals are confronted with situations they have no
control over, they later behave passively when faced with experiences they can
control. Such findings reinforce psychologists’ suspicions that the experience
or perception of helplessness is one of the most harmful factors in depression.

One of the most
startling examples of how the mind can alter the immune response was discovered
by chance. In 1975 psychologist Robert Ader at the University of Rochester
School of Medicine conditioned mice to avoid saccharin by simultaneously
feeding them the sweetener and injecting them with a drug that while
suppressing their immune systems caused stomach upsets. Associating the saccharin
with the stomach pains, the mice quickly learned to avoid the sweetener. In
order to extinguish this dislike for the sweetener, Ader re-exposed the animals
to saccharin, this time without the drug, and was astonished to find that those
mice that had received the highest amounts of sweetener during their earlier
conditioning died. He could only speculate that he had so successfully
conditioned the rats that saccharin alone now served to weaken their immune
systems enough to kill them.

44 Laudenslager’s experiment showed that the immune system of those
rats who could turn off the electricity ______.

A. was strengthened

B. was not affected

C. was altered

D. was weakened

45 According to the passage, the experience of helplessness causes
rats to______.

A. try to control unpleasant stimuli

B. turn off the electricity

C. behave passively in controllable situations

D. become abnormally suspicious

46 The reason why the mice in Ader’s experiment avoided saccharin
was that ________.

A. they disliked its taste

B. it affected their immune systems

C. it led to stomach pains

D. they associated it with stomachaches

47 The passage tells us that the most probable reason for the death
of the mice in Ader’s experiment was that ________.

A. they had been weakened psychologically by the saccharin

B. the sweetener was poisonous to them

C. their immune systems had been altered by the mind

D. they had taken too much sweetener during earlier conditioning

48 It can be concluded from the passage that the immune systems of
animal

A. can he weakened by conditioning

B. can be suppressed by drug injections

C. can be affected by frequent doses of saccharin

D. can be altered by electric shocks

【答案与解析】

44 B  文章第一段倒数第二句Laudenslager found that the immune response was depressed below normal
in the helpless rats but not in those that could turn off the electricity.明确说明切断不了电流的老鼠(无助的老鼠)免疫功能被削弱，而能够切断电流的老鼠则不受影响。

45 C  文章第二段第三句But if the animals are confronted with situations they have no
control over, they later behave passively when faced with experiences they can
control.明确说明老鼠如果有过自己控制不了的情况，以后即使在自己能够控制的情况下，其反应也是消极被动的。

46 D  由最后一段内容可知，Ader给老鼠喂糖精并给老鼠注射了一种会引起肚子痛的药物，所以老鼠就学会了避免糖精，这是因为他们觉得吃糖精会引起肚子疼，将糖精和肚子疼的反应联系到了一起。

47 C  作者写第三段的目的是为了证明他在第三段第一句里的论点the mind can alter the immune response，他用Ader的实验这一实例米论证此论点。为了培养老鼠的条件反射Ader给它们喂食糖精，同时注射能降低免疫力并可引起肚子疼的药物。但后来只给老鼠喂食糖精而不注射药物时有些老鼠死亡，这充分证明老鼠的免疫系统已被其思想改变了。

48 A  文章第三段中Ader的实验告诉我们，通过各种具体手段使动物形成某种条件反射就能削弱其免疫功能。

Passage 4

British
universities, groaning under the burden of a huge increase in student numbers,
are warning that the tradition of a free education is at risk. The universities
have threatened to impost an admission fee on students to plug a gap in revenue
if the government does not act to improve their finances and scrap some public
spending cutbacks.

The government
responded to the universities threat by setting up the most fundamental review
of higher education for a generation, under a non-party troubleshooter, Sir Ron
Dearing. One in three school-leavers enters higher education, five times the number
when the last review took place thirty years ago.

Everyone agrees
a system that is feeling the strain after rapid expansion needs a lot more
money–but there is little hope of getting it from the taxpayer and not much
scope for attracting more finance from business.

Most colleges
believe students should contribute to tuition costs, something that is common
elsewhere in the world but would mark a revolutionary change in Britain.
Universities want the government to introduce a loan scheme for tuition fees
and have suspended their own threatened action for now. They await Dearing’ s
advice, hoping it will not be too late–some are already reported to be in
financial difficulty.

As the century
nears its end, the whole concept of what a university should be is under the
microscope. Experts ponder how much they can use computers instead of
classrooms, talk of the need for lifelong learning and refer to students as
“consumers”.

The
Confederation of British Industry, the key employers’ organization, wants even
more expansion in higher education to help fight competition on world markets
from booming Asian economies. But the government has doubts about more
expansion. The Times newspaper agrees, complaining that quality has suffered as
student numbers soared, with close tutorial supervision giving way to “mass
production methods more typical of European universities.”

49 The chief
concern of British universities is ______.

A. how to tackle
their present financial difficulty

B. how to expand
the enrollment to meet the needs of enterprises

C. how to
improve their educational technology

D. how to put an
end to the current tendency of quality deterioration

50 We can learn
from the passage that in Britain ______.

A. the
government pays dearly for its financial policy

B. universities
are mainly funded by businesses

C. higher
education is provided free of charge

D. students are
ready to accept loan schemes for tuition

51 What was the
percentage of high school graduates admitted to universities in Britain thirty
years ago?

A. 20% or so

B. About 15%

C. Above 30%

D. Below 10%

52 It can be
inferred from the passage that ______.

A. the British
government will be forced to increase its spending on higher education

B. British
employers demand an expansion in enrollment at the expense of quality

C. the best way
out for British universities is to follow their European counterparts

D. British
students will probably have to pay for their higher education in the near

53 Which of the following is the viewpoint of the Times newspaper?

A. Expansion in
enrollment is bound to affect the quality of British higher education

B. British
universities should expand their enrollment to meet the needs of industry

C. European
universities can better meet the needs of the modern world

D. British universities
should help fight competition on world markets

【答案与解析】

49 A  由文章首句British universities,
groaning under the burden of a huge increase in student numbers, are warning
that the tradition of a free education is at risk.可知，由于学生数量的暴增，英国大学认为免费教育的传统会遭遇挑战。这说明英国大学主要关心的问题是如何处理他们如今的财务危机。

50 C  由文章首句可知，英国大学教育一直以来都是免费的。

51 D  第二段末句One in three school-leavers
enters higher education, five times the number when the last review took place
thirty years ago.指出，如今三分之一学生接受高等教育，是30年前的五倍，说明30年前只有十五分之一学生接受高等教育。十五分之一小于10%，故选D。

52 D  由第三段句子Everyone agrees a system
that is feeling the strain after rapid expansion needs a lot more money–but
there is little hope of getting it from the taxpayer and not much scope for
attracting more finance from business.可知没有希望从纳税人或企业手中获得资金。第四段中也提到，英国大学希望政府建立学费贷款项目，贷款的话学生最终也是要自己还贷，也就是说英国学生将来还是很有可能需要自己负担学费。

53 A  由最后一段最后一句The Times newspaper
agrees, complaining that quality has suffered as student numbers soared, with
close tutorial supervision giving way to “mass production methods more typical
of European universities.”可知泰晤士报认为大学生数量的增加会损害到大学教育的质量。

IV.  Write a composition of about 400 words
on the topic below: (25%)

54 The Relationship between Theory and Practice in the Study of
Translation

【参考范文】

The Relationship between Translation Theory and Practice

Translation is
an activity which requires one’s command of source language and target
language, and the knowledge of translation theories concluded by well-known
domestic and foreign translation theorists. Some Chinese translation theorists
are in the literary circle, including Mao Dun, Xu Yuanchong, Lin Yutang, Guo
Moruo, etc. Some are political figures, including Liang Qichao, Yan Fu, etc.
They proposed their own views towards translation and had their translation
works. The most renowned translation theorist in the western world is Eugene
Nida, who put forward the concept of functional equivalence. Some people claim
that it is no use learning translation theories and believes they are abstract
and obscure. Others hold the view that the knowledge and understanding of
translation theories is the prerequisite of producing qualified translation
works. In my view, translation theories are the guidelines of translation
practices and the experience obtained in translation practice can be summarized
into systematic theories to facilitate later practice.

It is
translation theories that guide us in translating. Without the learning and
comprehension of translation theories, our translation may be in a mess.
Everyone has their own way of translating, but with the experience provided by
translation theorists, we will know which way fits the source text most. For
example, one may have never translated an English poem from English to Chinese,
so he doesn’t know how to deal with it. But if he studies the three-beauty principle
proposed by Xu Yuanchong, a famous Chinese translator, he will know that he
must make an attempt to produce a poem which is beautiful in its sense, form,
and sound.

In turn, the
experience obtained in translation practices can be summarized into translation
theories to further guide our translation practice. Translation quality varies
from person to person. It is inevitable that some produce better translation
works than others. Thus, we can learn from the best translators by analyzing
their translating techniques. Then, maybe a new translation technique will be
discovered and then applied by other translators in their later translation.

All in all,
translation theories play a significant part in providing principles for
translation practices and translation practices are the sources of later
translation theories. But we must bear in mind that the quality of translation
works does not solely depend on the application of translation theories.
Translation is a complicated activity which demands a translator’s proficiency
in both target language and source language, broad knowledge in various fields,
perception level, etc.

【解析】

作文题目：翻译学习中理论与实践的关系。作者提出了自己的观点：翻译理论为翻译实践提供指导原则，而翻译实践中获得的经验反过来又可以总结成系统的翻译理论，用于之后的实践。第一段作者阐明观点。第二段中，作者以许渊冲的三美论为例，论述了翻译理论如何指导翻译实践。第三段中，作者说明了翻译实践对翻译理论的作用。最后一段，作者重申观点，并强调对翻译理论的理解和运用并不是保证译作质量的唯一因素。

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