浙江大学251二外英语考研真题及辅导用书

考研真题

1. [电子书]浙江大学外国语言文化与国际交流学院《251二外英语》历年考研真题及详解

2. [电子书]全国名校二外英语考研真题详解

考研指导书

1. [电子书]2026年考研二外英语专用教材

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浙江大学外国语言文化与国际交流学院《251二外英语》历年考研真题及详解

书籍目录

部分内容

2003年浙江大学221二外英语历年考研真题及详解

考试科目：二外英语

编号：221

注意：答案必须写在答题纸上，写在试卷或草稿纸上均无效。

Part I Reading Comprehension (40%)

Directions: There are

four passages in this section. Each passage

is followed by some questions or unfinished

statements. For each of them there are

four choices marked A, B, C and

D. You should decide on the best

choice and mark the corresponding letter

on the Answer Sheet with a single

line through the center.

Passage 1

Whereas George

Gershwin worked in the glare of critical and commercial success, Charles Ives

worked in obscurity. Though Ives created the bulk of his output before Gershwin

appeared on the scene, his music was almost completely neglected until he was

“rediscovered” in the 1940’s and 1950’s. He earned his livelihood, for most of his adult life, in the insurance business

and created some of the most striking examples of American music in his spare

time. Ives’s composing was restricted to weekends, holidays, vacations, and

long evenings, Ives himself was quite philosophic about this and never

considered his business career a handicap to artistic production. On the

contrary, he regarded his music and the business in which he earned his

livelihood as complementary activities.

His raw material

for all of his work was the ordinary musical life of a small New England town.

In evolving his highly individualistic musical language, Ives used popular

dance hall tunes, fragments of hymns and patriotic anthems, brass band marches,

country dances, and songs which he integrated into works of enormous

complexity.

But Ives’s music

was hardly popular with the broad public at the time it was written. The

composer found it all but impossible to get his music performed. For example,

Ives’s Second Symphony, which be worked on between 1897 and 1902, received its

first performance in 1951 when it was played by the Philharmonic-Symphony Orchestra of New York, under Leonard

Bernstein. His Third Symphony, completed in 1911, was first performed in 1945,

the Fourth Symphony, written between 1910 and 1916 received its premiere in

1965 under the direction of Leopold Stokowski. Not until he was awarded the

Pulitzer Prize for his Third Symphony, in 1947, did Charles Ives received any

degree of recognition for his work.

1 Charles Ives’s success in music could be

called unusual because he _____.

A. had a

physical handicap

B. was trained

to be a philosopher

C. did not

devote his entire career to music

D. did not have

much financial backing

2 According to the passage, how did Ives

feel about the business and musical sides of his life?

A. They lent support

to each other.

B. They each

satisfied his need for recognition.

C. They

represented a conflict in his nature.

D. They took too

much of his time.

3 It can be inferred that all of the following were sources of

inspiration for Ives in his early career EXCEPT _____.

A. church music

B. folk tunes

C. Gershwin’s

compositions

D. patriotic

songs

4 It can be inferred from the passage that Ives’s symphonies were

not popular with the general public for many years because they were_____.

A. heard by very

few people

B. different

from Gershwin’s music

C. based on

non-classical themes

D. composed in

his spare time

5 When did Ives’s music begin to be

accepted by the public?

A. In 1965

B. In 1911

C. In 1916

D. In 1947

【答案与解析】

1 C  由第一段第三句He earned his livelihood, for most of his adult life, in the

insurance business and created some of the most striking examples of American

music in his spare time.可知，Ives成年生活的大部分时间是用在保险生意上，只是在闲暇时间创作音乐。所以C项正确，他并没有把音乐作为他的全部事业。

2 A  由第二段末句he regarded his music and the business in which he earned his

livelihood as complementary activities.可知，他认为音乐和他的保险生意是相辅相成、互为补充的。lend support to给予……支持。故A项正确。

3 C  第二段第二句In evolving his highly individualistic musical language, Ives used

popular dance hall tunes, fragments of hymns and patriotic anthems, brass band

marches, country dances, and songs which he integrated into works of enormous

complexity.表明，Ives音乐创作的来源有popular dance hall tune(热门的舞厅歌曲旋律)、hymns(基督教的赞美诗、圣歌)、patriotic anthem(爱国歌曲)，它们分别对应B、A、D三项。

4 A  由最后一段可知，Ives创作的第二交响曲是50年后才由纽约一个管弦乐队演奏的，第四交响曲也是50年后在一位名指挥的指挥下演奏的。可以推断出他的音乐一直得不到大家的关注。所以很可能很少人听他的音乐。

5 D  本文最后一句Not until he was awarded the Pulitzer Prize for his Third Symphony,

in 1947, did Charles Ives received any degree of recognition for his work.说明，1947年Ives的《第三交响曲》获普利策奖之后，他才开始获得人们的承认。所以公众开始接受他的音乐是从1947年开始的。

Passage 2

Violence in

American families takes many forms. One prevalent form that we often overlook

is the physical punishment of children. Perhaps 93 percent of all parents beat

their children in order to discipline them. Young children receive the most

punishment, but studies reveal that about 50 percent of high school seniors

report experiencing or being threatened with physical punishment. Punishment of

children varies from a light tap to a brutal beating, but historically we have

granted parents the right to use physical force against their children. A law

passed in 1696, for example, called for the death penalty for a child of

“sufficient understanding” over the age of sixteen who cursed or struck a

parent or who was “stubborn and rebellious” in refusing to obey a parent. From

interviews with 2,143 married couples constituting a cross-section of American

families, sociologists estimate that parents kick, punch, or bite some 1.7

million children a year, beat 460,000 to 750,000 more, and attack 46,000 with

guns or knives.

Physical

punishment of children that results in injuries requiring medical treatment is

now generally considered to be abusive. Most people do not realize, however,

that it is the regular use of “ordinary” physical punishment, and the cultural

approval it enjoys, that lays the groundwork for child abuse. According to

David Gil, “In most accidents of child abuse the care takers involved are

‘normal’ individuals exercising their rights of disciplining a child whose

behavior they find in need of correction.” If one adult were to strike another,

most people would regard such behavior as abusive.

Most parents use

physical punishment in the belief that it will control the aggression in their

children and make them obedient. In fact, violence—whether verbal or

physical—sets children a poor example. An adult who yells at or slaps a child

unwittingly supplies the child with a model for aggression. Studies have found

that the frequent use of physical punishment for aggressive acts by a child

results in a marked increase in the child’s aggression. Perhaps not

surprisingly, abusive parents are themselves likely to have been abused when

they were children. The pattern of abuse is unwittingly translated from parent

to child and thus from generation to generation.

6 Which of the following statements is NOT

true according to the passage?

A. Punishment of

children was once justified in American law.

B. Most of the

parents have used physical punishment to discipline disobedient children in America.

C. High school

students rarely receive punishment from their parents.

D. Child abuse

is rooted in American culture.

7 Which of the following is NOT mentioned

in the passage as a means of physical punishment?

A. Punching

B. Biting

C. Threatening

D. Beating

8 The second “it” in the second sentence

of paragraph 2 refers to _____.

A. physical

punishment

B. the regular

use of “ordinary” physical punishment

C. the cultural

approval

D. injuries

requiring medical treatment

9 Which of the following statements is

true according to the passage?

A. physical

punishment is helpful for parents to correct children’s incident behavior.

B. Parents who

use physical punishment to discipline their children should be punished by law.

C. Parents who

punish children physically actually set bad examples of aggression for their

children.

D. A child who

is severely punished will surely revenge the abuse on his own child in later

life.

10 What is the author’s attitude towards

physical punishment by parents?

A. Disagreeing.

B.

Understanding.

C. Supporting.

D. Severely

critical.

【答案与解析】

6 C  第一段第四句Young children receive the most punishment, but studies reveal that

about 50 percent of high school seniors report experiencing or being threatened

with physical punishment.指出，年轻孩子受到的体罚最多，但是有一半的高中生也表示曾被体罚或被威胁。所以高中生并不是很少受到父母的体罚，故C项错误。

7 C  第一段第四句中的threaten指的是父母威胁孩子说要打孩子，但并不是父母体罚孩子的方式。

8 B  句意：Most people do not realize, however, that it is the regular use of

“ordinary” physical punishment, and the cultural approval it enjoys, that lays

the groundwork for child abuse.大部分人没有意识到，正是由于父母频繁体罚孩子的做法以及这样的做法所得到的文化认同，导致了虐待儿童事件的发生。从句意上分析，enjoys前的

it指的就是前面紧跟的regular

use of “ordinary” physical punishment。

9 C  由最后一段内容可知，研究发现，父母经常体罚孩子会导致孩子的攻击性增强，这种虐待的方式会代代延续。这说明家长体罚孩子实际上是树立了坏榜样。

10 A  在最后一段中作者表示，很多家长以为体罚孩子能够有效地遏制孩子的攻击性行为，但事实上是在为孩子树立坏榜样，孩子的攻击性不会减弱反而会增强。这种体罚模式会代代相传。所以作者显然对父母体罚孩子的做法是不赞同的。

Passage 3

It is common

knowledge that drug abuse leads to harmful consequences. Why then do

people—particularly youngsters—continue to use drugs Psychologists claim that

there are three basic motivations that influence people to take drugs:

curiosity, stress and environmental factors. Sometimes, youngsters take drugs

simply because they are curious. Taking drugs seems to be the “in thing” for

their generation, so they want to know what drugs are like. The trouble is that

they do not know that taking soft and seemingly harmless drugs can develop into

cravings(渴望) for

stronger stuff later on. In some cases, youngsters are depressed or frustrated

because of problems related to parents, school or the opposite sex. They take

drugs to escape from the stress brought on by all these problems. In other

cases, the environment is conductive to taking drugs. If, for instance, a

youngster belongs to a community, school, or peer group where other youngsters

take drugs, he may soon be tempted to follow suit, for fear of non-acceptance.

There is a

growing consensus nowadays among social workers and psychologists that the best

possible approach to the problem of drug addiction among the young is for

school authorities, social workers and the Police Narcotics Division to work

together to provide young people with much-needed education on the effects and

dangers of drug abuse. Moreover, parents can do a great job in leading children

away from drugs. They should spend more time with their children, listening and

talking to them. Most importantly, parents should show them attention, concern

and love. Parents who always scream at their children and nag them about their

failings and weaknesses are regarded as unwitting drug pushers. As far as young

people are concerned, a warm and happy family, wherein members share both joys

and sorrows and where children get maximum encouragement and support, is the

best bulwark(堡垒)

against the onslaughts(攻击) of drugs. It is no exaggeration to say that a happy home is a drug

free home.

11 One reason why youngsters use soft and

seemingly harmless drugs is that _____.

A. their

parents allow them to use these drugs

B. they need to

take these drugs to keep them strong and fit

C. they do not

have access to strong drugs

D. they do not

realize the addictive power of these drugs

12 Which of the following can be used as

an example of environmental factors?

A. A strong

urge to have a taste of drugs.

B. An intimate

friend who’s on drugs.

C. Separation

or divorce of one’s parents.

D. Failing an

important test.

13 According to social workers and

psychologists, the best way to prevent young people from taking drugs is _____.

A. to educate

them about the evil consequences of drug addiction

B. to set up a

Police Narcotics Division to deal with drug abuse

C. to provide

special education programs for the addicted children at school

D. to require

that parents abandon their own habit of drug abuse

14 We may infer from the passage that

_____.

A. some parents

are even buying drugs for their children

B. lack of

parental guidance pushes some youngsters to drugs.

C. it’s no use

screaming at youngsters once they are addicted to drugs

D. free-drugs

should be provided for those youngsters who need them

15 The expression “is conductive to” in

the first paragraph most probably means_____.

A. is favorable

to

B. is harmful

to

C. results from

D. prevents

【答案与解析】

11 D  由第一段中Taking drugs seems to be the “in thing” for their generation, so

they want to know what drugs are like. The trouble is that they do not know

that taking soft and seemingly harmless drugs can develop into cravings(渴望) for stronger stuff later on.可知，年轻人对毒品赶到好奇，所以就去吸食一些毒性较轻的毒品，但是这会使他们更加渴望毒性更强的毒品。也就是说毒品会越来越上瘾。

12 B  根据第一段后两句，环境的影响指的就是如果你所在社区、学校或者同龄人吸食毒品的话，你就会跟风吸毒。所以B项“有个吸毒的好友”属于环境因素。

13 A  由第二段首句可知，防止年轻人吸毒最好的方法是学校、社会工作者、警方合作，教育年轻人，让他们明白吸毒的危害。

14 B  最后一段指出，为了防止孩子吸毒，家长应该多陪伴孩子，与孩子多交流，如果总是对孩子大喊大叫或者反复唠叨孩子的缺点，这都会刺激孩子吸毒。这说明如果父母不引导教育孩子，孩子容易吸毒而误入歧途。

15 A  由第一段末句可推断出In other cases, the environment is conductive to taking drugs.这句话意思是环境因素容易诱发年轻人吸毒。所以be

conducive to是促进、诱发的意思。be favorable to有利于，有助于。

Passage 4

Anxiety can be

defined as fearful anticipation of impending danger, the source of which is

that one will not be able to master future events. The person tends to focus

only on the print and unknown or unrecognized. The central feature of anxiety

is intense mental discomfort, a feeling on pursuing one task at a time.

Physical symptoms include muscle tension, sweaty palms, upset stomach,

shortness of breath, feelings of faintness, and a pounding heart. Indeed, until

the late 19th century, extreme anxiety was routinely mistaken for cardiac(心脏的) or respiratory disorders.

At that time

Sigmund Freud identified anxiety neurosis (神经官能症) as a distinct diagnosis. He believed that

anxiety arises when instinctual aggressive or sexual drives threaten to lead a

person to behave unacceptably and that it acts as a signal that triggers

defensive action to repress or redirect these drives. When the unconscious

defensive maneuvers are unsuccessful, a neurotic anxiety reaction occurs.

Learning

theorists see anxiety differently. Some believe that anxiety is learned when

innate fears occur together with previously neutral objects or events; for

example, an infant often startled by a loud noise while playing with a toy may

become anxious just at the sight of the toy. Others stress the importance of

initiative behavior and the development of particular thought patterns.

Psychiatrists

recognize several conditions in which anxiety is the main disturbance,

including panic disorder and generalized anxiety disorder. Panic attacks occur

intermittently, whereas generalized anxiety is more chronic. In phobias(恐惧症) and obsessive-compulsive

disorders, fear is experienced when an individual tries to master other

symptoms. Anxiety disorders are the most common mental disorders in the United

States, affecting 2 to 4 percent of the population. Evidence suggests that such

disorders run in families. Drugs, psychotherapy, behavior modification, and

relaxation training, alone or in combination, are used in treating anxiety.

16 According to the definition given at

the beginning of the passage, anxiety occurs when a person_____.

A. feels

uncomfortable physically

B. realizes

that it is impossible for him to overcome the difficulties before him

C. found

himself in great danger

D. is uncertain

of what lies ahead of him.

17 The word triggers in the first

paragraph means _____.

A. initiates

B. encourages

C. assists

D. twists

18 According to Freud, neurotic anxiety

occur when a person_____.

A. fails to

suppress inappropriate desires

B. tries to

defend himself against sonic danger

C. is aware of

some threats from other people

D. is unable to

find the source of his happiness

19 Some learning theorists believes that an infant may become

anxious just at the sight of a toy because _____.

A. the infant

has been brought up in a very noisy environment

B. the toy has

been used as an instrument to teach him appropriate behavior

C. the infant

does not like the toy at all

D. the toy was

associated with something terrible

20 What is the main topic of this passage?

A. Sigmund

Freud’s contribution to psychology

B. Different

ways to overcome anxiety

C. An

explanation of what “anxiety” is

D. The extent

of anxiety orders

【答案与解析】

16 D  由第一段第一句Anxiety can be defined as fearful anticipation of impending danger,

the source of which is that one will not be able to master future events.可知，当一个人对未来感到不确定的时候会产生焦虑。

17 B  trigger所在句子意思是He believed that anxiety arises when instinctual aggressive or

sexual drives threaten to lead a person to behave unacceptably and that it acts

as a signal that triggers defensive action to repress or redirect these drives.

他认为，当本能的攻击欲望或性欲导致一个人行为反常时，焦虑就会产生，这种焦虑就像一个信号，使得人采取攻击行为来压制或调整这些欲望。推断trigger是引起的意思。故选encourage表示刺激、助长。

18 A  由第一段最后一句When the unconscious defensive maneuvers are unsuccessful, a

neurotic anxiety reaction occurs.可知，当没能成功压抑这些不合适的欲望时，就会产生神经性焦虑。

19 D  由第二段第二句可知，恐惧感是可以习得的，也就是说恐惧感会与某些事物和事情联系起来。然后又举出了一个婴儿看见玩具听见巨响的例子，说明婴儿把玩具和巨响（恐怖的事情）联系了起来。

20 C  整篇文章都围绕着“焦虑”而展开，文章向读者介绍了人们在何种情况下会焦虑以及焦虑的原因。

Part II Vocabulary

and Structure (30%)

Directions: There are

30 incomplete sentences in this part.

For each sentence there are four choices

marked A, B, C and D. Choose the

ONE that best completes the sentence.

Then mark the corresponding letter on

the Answer Sheet with a single line

through the center.

21 It is of the utmost importance that you

_____ here on time.

A. be

B. shall be

C. are to be

D. must be

【答案】A

【解析】句意：你必须按时到，这是最重要的一点。在表达惊异、惋惜、遗憾、理应如此等意义的主语从句中常使用虚拟语气，结构为：should（可以省略）+动词原形。

22 Julie is one of the women who

always_____ the latest fashions.

A. put up with

B. come up with

C. get on with

D. keep up with

【答案】D

【解析】句意：朱丽叶是一个紧跟时尚潮流的女人。keep up with跟上……的步伐。put up with忍受。come up with想出。get on with与……相处。

23 No one would have time to read or

listen to an account of everything _____ going on in the world.

A. it is

B. what is

C. there is

D. as is

【答案】C

【解析】句意：there

is可引导限定性定语从句，置于被修饰的名词后面，作该从句主语的关系代词that常常省略。如：Jack was the only person (who) there was to see the accident.

24 As a _____ actor, he can perform, sing,

dance and play several kinds of musical instruments.

A. flexible

B.

sophisticated

C. versatile

D. productive

【答案】C

【解析】句意：作为一位多才多艺的演员，他会表演、唱歌、跳舞，还会弹好几种乐器。versatile多才多艺的。flexible灵活的。sophisticated精密复杂的。productive多产的。

25 In the first several steps of our economic reform, many military

factories have been _____ into civil ones in order to meet the needs of the

country.

A. changed

B. transformed

C. altered

D. varied

【答案】B

【解析】句意：在我们经济改革的头几年，为了适应国家的需要，我们把很多军用工厂转变成了民用工厂。transform指人或物在形状、外观、形式、性质等方面发生的彻底变化，失去原状成为全新的东西。alter只是表面或局部的变化，而没有变成另一种事物。vary指不断地变化，由于变化而产生一系列的差别。shift指位置的改变。军事工厂变为民用工厂，生产的产品不一样了，性质发生了变化，是彻底的改变，故用transform。

26 All flights_____ because of the storm,

they decided to take the train.

A. having

canceled

B. having been

canceled

C. were

canceled

D. have been

canceled

【答案】B

【解析】句意：因为暴雨天气，所有航班都被取消了，所以他们决定坐火车。分词cancel动作发生在主句decide之前，所以用现在完成时，而have been cancelled与all flights是主动关系，所以用ing形式。所以选择having been cancelled。

27 When confronted with such questions, my

mind goes_____ , and I can hardly remember my own date of birth.

A. dim

B. vain

C. faint

D. blank

【答案】D

【解析】句意：一被问到这些问题，我的大脑就会一片空白，我几乎记不得自己的生日。go blank大脑变成一片空白。

28 This is the woman_____ artists said posed

as a model for the painting.

A. whose

B. who

C. which

D. whom

【答案】B

【解析】句意：她就是画家作那幅画时合作的模特。artists said posed as a model for the painting是修饰woman的定语从句，从句中又包含了一个宾语从句，宾语从句中缺主语，且指人，所以用who。

29 Your grandfather is rather tired, so do

not_____ your visit.

A. lengthen

B. delay

C. prolong

D. extend

【答案】C

【解析】句意：爷爷很累了，你尽快回去吧（不要延长看望的时间了）。prolong指延长时间或某项活动，而lengthen 则偏重于实物，如衣服等东西的延长。delay指拖延，含有使不能按正常速度进行的意思。extend使伸长，扩大，没有延长时间的意思。

30 But for the flood, the ship _____ its

destination on time.

A. will have

reached

B. had reached

C. would have

reached

D. would reach

【答案】C

【解析】句意：要不是下了暴雨，船只应该已经准时到达目的地了。but for要不是，表示对过去的虚拟，主句用would have done形式。

31 The lecture was rather boring, but the

_____ discussion proved fruitful.

A. subsequent

B. latter

C. consequent

D. successive

【答案】A

【解析】句意：演讲相当枯燥，但随后的讨论是有成果的。subsequent之后的，后来的。latter后者。consequent作为结果的。successive接连的，相继的。

32 _____, I will marry him all the same.

A. Were he rich

or poor

B. Whether rich

or poor

C. Being rich

or poor

D. Be he rich

or poor

【答案】D

【解析】句意：无论富裕还是贫穷，我都会嫁给他。Be he rich or poor，相当于whether he is rich or poor。

33 Mining industries have excellent _____

here as the country is abundant in mineral fuels.

A. prosperity

B. perspective

C. perception

D. proficiency

【答案】A

【解析】句意：该国采矿业很繁荣，因为拥有丰富的矿产资源。prosperity繁荣，兴旺。perspective角度。perception理解，看法。proficiency熟练，精通。

34 If too many of these animals are

killed, their kind will _____.

A. die away

B. die out

C. die down

D. die off

【答案】B

【解析】句意：如果这一物种的过多动物被杀，那么这个物种将会灭绝。die out灭绝，绝种。die away（声音）变弱，逐渐消失。die down减弱；逐渐平息。die off相继死去。

35 Well known for her_____ and tough minded movie criticism,

columnist Pauline also possesses an extensive knowledge of the technical

aspects of film making.

A. perceptive

B. deceptive

C. receptive

D. descriptive

【答案】A

【解析】句意：专栏作家珀利以她对电影的敏锐和深刻的批评而著称，她本人也对电影制作技术有丰富的认识。perceptive观察敏锐的，有洞察力的。deceptive欺骗性的；误导的。receptive（对新观点、建议等）愿意倾听的，乐于接受的。descriptive描述性的。选项中能与criticism形成搭配的，只有perceptive。

36 The government_____ a mass campaign to

wipe out malaria in the area.

A. expected

B. initiated

C. modified

D. comprised

【答案】B

【解析】句意：政府发起了规模宏大的运动以消除该区域的疟疾。initiate发起。

37 The head office of the company has

been_____ from Hong Kong to New York for the sake of business expansion.

A. transported

B. transplanted

C. transferred

D. transmitted

【答案】C

【解析】句意：公司为扩展业务，把总部从香港迁到了纽约。transfer迁移，转移。transport运输。transplant移植。transmit传送，播送。

38 NO bread eaten by man is so sweet as

_____ earned by his own labor.

A. one

B. that

C. such

D. what

【答案】B

【解析】句意：通过个人劳动获得的面包比其他吃到的面包尝起来都要甜。that指代可数名词单数或不可数名词，one只能指代可数名词单数，而bread是不可数名词，所以只能用that。

39 The people, who believe it is necessary to _____ to a rapidly

changing society, believe the shifts in family structure  are inevitable

and positive.

A. adapt

B. adopt

C. adhere

D. anticipate

【答案】A

【解析】句意：认为有必要适应社会的快速变化的群体认为，家庭结构的变化是不可避免的、有积极作用的。adapt to适应。符合句意。

40 I’d rather that you_____ the bike. If

only I had more time, I would repair it myself.

A. repairing

B. repaired

C. to repair

D. will repair

【答案】B

【解析】句意：我希望你能帮我修一下自行车。如果我有时间的话就自己修了。would rather后跟从句，要用虚拟语气，表示对现在或将来的虚拟时，从句用一般过去时；表示对过去的虚拟时，从句用过去完成时。本句表示的是对将来的愿望，希望你帮我修自行车，故用一般过去时，所以选repaired。

41 The most efficient_____ of practice or

study sessions varies with the kind of material being learned.

A. distinction

B. distribution

C. diversion

D. domination

【答案】B

【解析】句意：最有效率的练习或学习时段分配因学习内容不同而异。distribution分布，分配。distinction差别，不同。diversion转移；偏离。domination掌控，主导。这里说的是学习时段，用distribution，表示学习时间的分配。

42 One condition of this job is that you

must be_____ to work at weekends.

A. available

B. attainable

C. acceptable

D. accessible

【答案】A

【解析】句意：这份工作的条件之一就是你周末必须有空工作。available除了表示可获得的，还可以表示有空的、有闲暇时间的。

43 I will overlooking _____ so rude to my

sister this time but don’t let it happen again.

A. you to be

B. your being

C. you to have

been

D. you having

been

【答案】B

【解析】句意：这次我就不追究你对我妹妹这么无礼的责任了，但是不要再有下次。由物主代词（his, your, my…）或所有格名词与动名词连用，表明引出动名词的逻辑主语，用以区别句子的主语。如：He disliked my working late. 所以此处用物主代词your而不是you。

44 The professor picked several

students_____ from the class and asked them to help him with the experiment.

A. at large

B. at random

C. at liberty

D. at leisure

【答案】B

【解析】句意：教授随机在课堂上挑了几个学生，要求他们帮他做实验。at random随机地。at large总地；一般地。at liberty不受限制或支配，自由自在。at leisure有空，空闲时。

45 My opinions are representative_____

those of the other people in this community.

A. for

B. to

C. of

D. with

【答案】C

【解析】句意：我的观点能代表社区其他人的看法。be representative of 能代表……的。

46 It was not until she had arrived home

_____ remembered her appointment with the doctor.

A. when she

B. that she

C. and she

D. she

【答案】B

【解析】句意：直到她回到家，才记起和医生约好见面的事。It is…that…强调句型，正是……才……。且主句缺主语she。

47 Your failure to _____ with a

supervisor’s direction will result in your scores being canceled.

A. comply

B. compel

C. conform

D. compile

【答案】A

【解析】句意：你不听导师的话，成绩会被取消的。comply with遵守，遵循。conform与介词to连用，也表示遵照、遵守。compel强迫。compile编写（书、列表、报告等）；编纂。

48 Just as the builder is skilled in the handling of his bricks,

_____ the experienced writer is skilled in the handling of his words.

A. as

B. thus

C. so

D. like

【答案】C

【解析】句意：就像建筑工人善于垒砖一样，经验丰富的作家善于运用文字。just as…so表示“就像……一样，……也”，just as引出表对比的从句，主句要用so与之呼应。

49 The lady dressed in the latest Paris

fashion is_____ in her appearance but rude in her speech.

A. elaborate

B. excessive

C. elegant

D. exaggerated

【答案】C

【解析】句意：这位身穿巴黎最新时装的女士外表看起来很优雅，但说话很无礼。elegant优雅的。elaborate详尽的。excessive过度的，过多的。exaggerated夸张的。

50 The newly-built Science Building seems_____

enough to last a hundred years.

A. spacious

B.

sophisticated

C. substantial

D. steady

【答案】C

【解析】句意：新建的科技大楼看上去足够坚固，能支撑100年。substantial大而坚固的；结实的。spacious宽敞的。sophisticated复杂的。steady稳定的，不摇晃的。

Part III Cloze

(10%)

Directions: In this

part, there is a passage with 20

blanks. For each blank there are four

choices marked A, B, C, and D.

Choose the best answer for each blank

and mark the corresponding letter on your

Answer Sheet with a single line through

the center.

The writer makes

assumptions similar to the reader’s, including the latter’s willingness to make

same effort to get51the meaning for himself. If either lets the

other down, communication52. If the writer is careless,

his message may be53to recover;54he

makes demands that the reader cannot fulfill, the message will not be received,55to another reader it might be clear, if the reader on his side is 56or idle, the result57: an incomplete interpretation or

a distorted one. On both sides,58of shared assumptions is

likely to be the worst problem, because it is not always59.

The60is likely to try to make61of the

text in terms of his own world knowledge, and it may be a long time before he

is62to recognize that they differ from63of

the writer.

64what we have said, you can see that

reading according to this65is not just an active process,

but an interactive one. We are used to thinking of conversion66interactive, because what one speaker says67influences

the contribution of the other. The interaction in reading is clearly rather68because the69is not normally available,70this makes the task of both reader and writer more difficult.

51 A. with

B. up

C. for

D. at

52 A. fails

B. continues

C. succeeds

D. works

53 A. easy

B. impossible

C. possible

D. likely

54 A. because

B. if

C. unless

D. although

55 A. despite

B. rather than

C. however

D. even though

56 A. careless

B. active

C. careful

D. foolish

57 A. satisfactory

B. similar

C.

disappointing

D. different

58 A. presence

B. hope

C. recognition

D. lack

59 A. unnoticed

B. recognized

C. remembered

D. reminded

60 A. learner

B. publisher

C. writer

D. reader

61 A. known

B.

understanding

C. sense

D. use

62 A. ordered

B. happy

C. unwilling

D. forced

63 A. this

B. those

C. these

D. that

64 A. From

B. With

C. For

D. Since

65 A. method

B. fact

C. view

D. plan

66 A. for

B. with

C. in

D. as

67 A. obviously

B. seemingly

C. hopefully

D. wrongly

68 A. doubtful

B. different

C. definite

D. similar

69 A. meaning

B. reader

C. writer

D. speaker

70 A. and

B. but

C. or

D. as

【答案与解析】

51 D  get at查明，弄清楚。读者愿意努力去弄清楚作者的设想。

52 A  如果作者和读者使对方失望的话，交流就失败了。fail失败。

53 B  后文讲到，如果读者粗心或懒惰的话，就会对作者的作品形成不完整的理解或完全扭曲的理解。同理，作者粗心的话，应该也是消极作用。所以选impossible。

54 B  根据句意，可判断出选if。且与分号前上一句形成排比。

55 D  从句意上分析，此处应表示转折。但however用于句首，且后面要用逗号，所以选even though。

56 A  该词应该与idle（懒惰的）一样是贬义词。说读者foolish愚蠢，语气过重。

57 C  “不完整的理解或完全扭曲的理解”自然是令人失望的。

58 D  problem指的是问题，所以这里指的应该是不好的方面，即作者与读者缺乏共同的设想。

59 B  下一句话就有recognize一词。

60 D  句意：读者很可能基于自己的知识尝试理解作者的作品，很长时间之后他才会不情愿地承认自己的设想与作者不同。

61 C  make sense of理解，弄清楚。

62 C  与第一句中willingness形成对应。

63 B  前面they指的就是读者的设想reader’s assumptions，此处应用those指代assumptions。those指代可数名词复数。

64 A  from来自，从。这里说的是从以上内容可以推断出……。

65 B  上一段中讲了一个事实：读者和作者的设想可能会有冲突。

66 D  think of…as…把……看做……，认为……怎么样。

67 A  在对话中，很明显一个人的言语会影响到对方的回应。

68 B  阅读中的互动是与对话明显不同的。其他三项都不合逻辑。

69 A  后面说作者和读者的任务都很难，这说明作品的意义很有可能难以弄清楚。

70 A  用and表示承接关系。

Part V Translation

(10%)

Directions: Translate

the following Chinese sentences into English.

71 经过那件事后人们再也不能相信他了。

72 最终他会明白谁是他真正的朋友。

73 尽管你犯了一些错误，但是总的来说，你干得不错。

74 教育青年对于我国的前途是极其重要的。

75 我很喜欢上这门课，我从老师和同学那里都学到了许多。

【答案与解析】

71 People no longer trusted him after that

incident.

（不再no

longer。）

72 Eventually he will know who is his true

friend.

（最终eventually。）

73 You’ve made some mistakes, but overall, you’ve done a good job.

（表示转折意义的连词有though, while, but。总的来说in general/on the whole/all in all/overall。干得不错do a good job。）

74 Educating teenagers is vital for the

prospects of our country.

（前途prospect。）

75 I like the subject and I’ve learned a

lot from the teacher and the classmates.

（从……学习learn

from。）

Part V Writing

(10%)

Directions: For this

part, you should write a composition on

the topic “Which One Do You Like:

A Small Family or a Large Family?”

Your composition should be based on the

following main ideas (given in Chinese)

and should contain at least 100 words.

1 中国家庭结构之变化；

2 大家庭优点：成员之间互助；缺点：常有争吵；

3 小家庭优点：成员自由；缺点：比较忙碌；

4 你的观点。

【参考范文】

In the past,

there were large families in China which were composed of children, their

parents, grandparents, aunts, uncles and cousins. However, the present age has

witnessed a remarkable increase of small families and decrease of large

families since China’s birth control policy was implemented. In addition, as

people’s living standard improves, they demand more freedom and independence

from their parents. A small family is comprised of only children and their

parents. Both of the two forms of families have their advantages and

disadvantages. In a large family, family members lend financial and emotional

support to each other. But they are inclined to have conflicts. In a small

family, members are freer. But in order to support the family, parents are

occupied with work. I prefer a small family because I think there are fewer

conflicts in a small family, thus leading to a more peaceful life.

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