河南师范大学357英语翻译基础考研真题及辅导用书

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河南师范大学外国语学院《357英语翻译基础》[专业硕士]历年考研真题AI讲解

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2011年河南师范大学357英语翻译基础考研真题及详解

Ⅰ. Directions:
Translate the following words, abbreviations and terminology into Chinese. There
are altogether 15 items in this part of the test, with one point for each. (15’)

1) medicare

【答案】医疗保险

2) Ex works

【答案】工厂交货

3) AIDS

【答案】艾滋病（获得性免疫缺乏综合症）

4) Xerox

【答案】施乐（复印）

5) GPS

【答案】全球定位系统

6) L/C

【答案】信用证

7) UNESCO

【答案】联合国教育、科学及文化组织

8) joint venture

【答案】合资企业

9) alimony

【答案】赡养费

10) investment securities

【答案】投资证券

11) capital punishment

【答案】死刑

12) non-aligned nation

【答案】不结盟国家

13) consulate-general

【答案】总领事馆

14) force majeure

【答案】不可抗力

15) curriculum vitae (CV)

【答案】简历

Ⅱ. Directions: Translate
the following words, abbreviations and terminology into English. There are altogether 15 items in this part of the
test, with one point for each. (15’)

1) 一国两制

【答案】One country, two systems.

2) 三个代表

【答案】Three Represents

3) “两会”

【答案】two sessions（the National People’s Congress and the Chinese Political
Consultative Conference）

4) 机助翻译

【答案】machine-aided translation

5) 词汇空缺

【答案】lexical gap

6) 语域

【答案】register

7) 法治

【答案】rule of law

8) 出口商品交易会

【答案】Export Commodities Fair

9) 语义翻译

【答案】semantic translation

10) 交际翻译

【答案】communicative translation

11) 功能对等

【答案】functional equivalence

12) 以人为本

【答案】people oriented

13) 科学发展观

【答案】Scientific Outlook on Development

14) 扩大内需

【答案】expand domestic demand

15) 房奴

【答案】mortgage slave

Ⅲ. Directions: Translate
the following into Chinese. (60’)

Person
of the Year

Nancy
Gibbs

Sept. 11
delivered both a shock and a surprise—the attack, and our response to it—and we
can argue forever over which mattered more. There has been so much talk of the
goodness that erupted that day that we forget how unprepared we were for it. We
did not expect much from a generation that had spent its middle age examining
all the ways it fails to measure to the one that had come before—all fat, no
muscle, less a beacon to the world than a bully, drunk on blessings taken for
granted.

It was tempting
to say that Sept. 11 changed all that, just as it is tempting to say that every
hero needs a villain, end goodness needs evil as its grinding stone. But try looking
a widow in the eye and talking about all the good that has come or this, it may
not be a coincidence, but neither is it a partnership: good does not need evil,
we owe no debt to demons, and the attack did not make us better. It was an
occasion to discover what we already were. “Maybe the purpose of all this,” New
York City Mayor Rudy Giuliani（朱利安尼）said at a funeral for a friend, “is to find out if American today is
as strong as when we fought for our independence or when we fought for ourselves
as a Union to end slavery or as strong as our fathers and grandfathers who fought
to rid the world of Nazism”. The terrorists, be argues, were counting on our cowardice.
They’ve learned a lot about us since then. And so have we.

For leading that
lesson, for having more faith in us that we had in ourselves, for being brave
when required and rude where appropriate and tender without being trite, for
not sleeping and not quitting and not shrinking from the pain all around him,
Rudy Giuliani, Mayor of the World, is TIME’s 2001 Person of the Year.

(Adapted
from Time, December 31, 2001)

(329
words)

【参考译文】

年度人物

南希·吉布斯

“9·11”事件既令人感到震惊，也令人感到意外。震惊的是攻击事件本身，意外的是我们对事件的反应。至于说这两者哪个更为重要，人们也许永远会争论下去。对于当天一下子涌现出来的可歌可泣的事迹，我们已经谈得不少了。在一片谈论声中，我们居然忘了，面对这些令人敬佩的行为我们当时是多么感到意外。因为我们本来就没有对这代美国人抱有多大期望。他们的中年是在自叹不如的心境中度过的，他们和上一代美国人比来比去，总感到自己望尘莫及。他们虚浮有余，坚实不足，根本谈不上是世界的灯塔，倒却是横行的恶霸，沉醉于福荫之中，总觉得受之无愧。

我们也许会脱口而出地说，是“9·11”事件改变了这一切，正如我们会说，每一个英雄都需要有一个恶霸来陪衬，善良也需要有邪恶来砥砺。但当你望着“9·11”死难者遗孀的双眼时，你难道还能侃侃而谈“9·11”事件所引发的好处吗？善恶并存也许确非巧合，但它们也绝非相互依存的伙伴：善不需要恶陪伴左右，我们并不亏欠魔鬼，“9·11”事件也没有把我们变成更好的人。它只是一次机会，我们不过借此发现了自己的本色。纽约市市长朱利安尼在朋友的葬礼中说得好：“也许这一切的目的就是要考验一下，看看今日的美国是否仍像当年为争取独立而战时那样坚强，是否仍像当年为结束奴隶制而团结奋战时那样坚强，是否仍像当年我们的父辈为消灭纳粹而战时那样坚强。”他说，恐怖主义者就指望我们会胆怯。但自“9·11”事件以来，他们想必对我们已有所了解。当然我们对自己也有了不少认识。

由于朱利安尼这次考验中堪称表率，由于他对我们的信心远胜于我们对自己的信心，由于他该勇敢时就勇敢，该鲁莽时就鲁莽，他温情流露，但那绝非应景之俗套，由于他不分昼夜地不停工作，虽被痛苦包围，却能勇敢面对，因此这位世界第一市长当选为2001年《时代周刊》的年度风云人物。

（节选自《时代周刊》，2001年12月31日）

Ⅳ. Directions: Translate
the following into English. (60’)

亚运会组织者证实：本届亚运会中禁止出现南非世界杯足球赛中嗡嗡作响的呜呜祖拉(vuvuzela)。有些球迷喜欢这种喇叭发出的有特色的低沉的响声，而其他一些人——包括许多球员、教练和评论员——则被这喇叭声搞的心烦意乱。不过将参加在周五开幕的第16届亚运会运动员则不会为此担忧，因为当地政府官员已经证实这种色彩艳丽的塑料喇叭将在所有场地中被禁用。广州市文明办副主任张友泉公布的一系列禁带物品名单中提到了呜呜祖拉。根据《广州日报》的一篇报道，比赛期间违反规则的观众将会受到志愿者的劝诫。呜呜祖拉成了南非世界杯的非官方标志，但是这些喇叭的响声盖过了观众的加油声，并让球员几乎无法和彼此进行沟通。

(277字)

【参考译文】

The vuvuzela trumpet, which became the droning soundtrack to the
football World Cup in South Africa, has been banned from the Asian Games,
organizers have confirmed. Some fans loved the distinctive low-pitched bellow
while others including many players, coaches and commentators were driven to
distraction. But athletes gathered for the 16th Asian Games which opens on
Friday will have no such concerns after a local government official confirmed
that the plastic trumpet, often in garish colors, will be banned from all
venues. Zhang Youquan, deputy director of the civilization office of the
Guangzhou government, named the vuvuzela amid a list of banned items. According
to a report by the Guangzhou Daily, spectators violating etiquette
during the Games will be advised by volunteers. Vuvuzelas became the unofficial
symbol of the World Cup, but they drowned out crowd chants and made it nearly
impossible for players to communicate with each other.

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