武汉大学242二外英语考研真题及辅导用书

考研真题

1. [电子书]武汉大学外国语言文学学院《242二外英语》历年考研真题

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武汉大学外国语言文学学院《242二外英语》历年考研真题AI讲解

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2015年武汉大学242二外英语考研真题及详解

Part I Reading
Comprehension (2×20=40%)

Directions: There are
4 passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or
unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C
and D. You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter
on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre.

Passage One

The past ages of
man have all been carefully labeled by anthropologists. Descriptions like
“Palaeolithic Man”, “Neolithic Man”, etc., neatly sum up whole periods. When
the time comes for anthropologists to turn their attention to the twentieth
century, they will surely choose the label “Legless Man”. Histories of the time
will go something like this: “In the twentieth century, people forgot how to
use their legs. Men and women moved about in cars, buses and trains from a very
early age. There were lifts and escalators in all large buildings to prevent
people from walking. This situation was forced upon earth dwellers of that time
because of their extraordinary way of life. In those days, people thought
nothing of travelling hundreds of miles each day. But the surprising thing is
that they didn’t use their legs even when they went on holiday. They built
cable railways, ski-lifts and roads to the top of every huge mountain. All the
beauty spots on earth were marred by the presence of large car parks.”

“The future
history books might also record that we were deprived of the use of our
eyes. In our hurry to get from one place to another, we failed to see
anything on the way. Air travel gives you a bird’s-eye view of the world—or
even less if the wing of the aircraft happens to get in your way. When you
travel by car or train a blurred image of the countryside constantly smears the
windows. Car drivers, in particular, are forever obsessed with the urge to go
on and on: they never want to stop. Is it the lure of the great motorways, or
what? And as for sea travel, it hardly deserves mention. It is perfectly summed
up in the words of the old song: “I joined the navy to see the world, and what
did I see? I saw the sea.” The typical twentieth-century traveler is the man who
always says “I’ve been there.” You mention the remotest, most evocative
place—names in the world like El Dorado, Kabul, Irkutsk and someone is bound to
say “I’ve been there”—meaning, “I drove through it at 100 miles an hour on the
way to somewhere else.”

When you travel
at high speeds, the present means nothing: you live mainly in the future
because you spend most of your time looking forward to arriving at some other
place. But actual arrival, when it is achieved, is meaningless. You want to
move on again. By traveling like this, you suspend all experience; the present
ceases to be a reality: you might just as well be dead. The traveler on foot,
on the other hand, lives constantly in the present. For him traveling and
arriving are one and the same thing: he arrives somewhere with every step he
makes. He experiences the present moment with his eyes, his ears and the whole
of his body. At the end of his journey he feels a delicious physical weariness.
He knows that sound. Satisfying sleep will be his: the just reward of all true
travelers.

1 What’s the best title of the passage?

A. How to use
your legs in travel.　  　 　

B. The best way
to travel.

C. The reward of
true travel. 　 　 　

D. Possible ways
to travel.

2 Anthropologists label man nowadays
“Legless” (line 3-4, para 1. because _____.

A. lifts prevent
people from walking

B. people forget
how to use their legs

C. people prefer
cars, buses and trains

D. modern
vehicles have replaced walking

3 While traveling at high speeds, _____.

A. people can
get more pleasure from it

B. people always
focus on next destination

C. people can
enjoy the view of the destination

D. people care
much about the arrangement of the journey

4 The author says “we are deprived
of the use of our eyes” because _____.

A. people can’t
get a clear picture of the view along

B. eyes become
useless in traveling at high speeds

C. people want
to sleep during traveling

D. people won’t
use their eyes

5 What does the author want to tell us?

A. Legs become
weaker.

B. There is no
need to use legs or eyes.

C. Modern means
of transportation make the world a small place.

D. We should
experience the present heart and soul while traveling.

【答案与解析】

1B  归纳题。文章第一段和第二段分别讲述了旅行不用脚、不用眼等情况，第三段先批评现代人只知一味向前，现实不再是现实，然后说明用脚旅行才是最佳方式。故文章的标题应为“最佳旅行方式”，所以正确答案应该是B选项。

2D  归纳题。答题信息在第一段，这里提到人们外出就坐车、公共汽车、火车；大楼里有电梯、自动扶梯；即使度假期间，他们筑有缆车道、滑雪索道和路直通山顶的路，所有的风景旅游区都有大型的停车场。现代交通工具代替了人们走路，所以人类学家将之标为“无腿的时代”，故D选项正确。

3B  细节题。由第三段第一句话“When you travel at high speeds, the present means nothing: you live
mainly in the future because you spend most of your time looking forward to
arriving at some other place.”可知，当快节奏的旅行时，现在的时光没有任何意义，你主要生活在未来，因为你大部分时间都在盼望到达其他地方。所以B选项“人们总是关注下个目的地”为正确答案。

4A  推理题。答题信息在第二段，这里提到由一地转向另一地，路上你什么也看不到，乘飞机时只能俯瞰世界；乘汽车火车时，只见朦胧景象略过窗子；海上旅行，只看到海。因此A选项“人们不能清楚地看到途中风景”为正确答案。

5D  推理题。通过文章最后一段，可知作者认为真正的旅行应该是全身心地体验旅行。该段倒数第四句话提到“He experiences the present moment with his eyes, his ears and the
whole of his body.”，因此D选项正确，A、C两项在文中没有体现，而B选项错误。

Passage Two

If you find
yourself waiting in a long queue at an airport or bus terminus this holiday,
will you try to analyse what it is about queuing that makes you angry? Or will
you just get angry with the nearest official?

Professor
Richard Larson, an electrical engineer at the Massachusetts Institute of
Technology, hates queuing but rather than tear his hair out, he decided to
study the subject. His first finding, which backs up earlier work at the US
National Science Foundation, was that the degree of annoyance was not directly
related to the time. He cites an experiment at Houston airport where passengers
had to walk for one minute from the plane to the baggage reclaim and then wait
a further seven minutes to collect their luggage. Complaints were frequent,
especially from those who had spent seven minutes watching passengers with just
hand baggage get out immediately.

The airport
authorities decided to lengthen the walk from the aircraft, so that instead of
a one-minute fast walk, the passengers spent six minutes walking. When they
finally arrived at the baggage reclaim, the delay was then only two minutes.
The extra walk extended the delay by five minutes for those carrying only hand
baggage, but passenger complaints dropped almost to zero.

The reason?
Larson suggests that it all has to do with what he calls “social justice”. If
people see others taking a short cut, they will find the wait unbearable. So in
the case of the airport, it was preferable to delay everyone.

Another aspect
Larson studied was the observation that people get more fed up if
they are not told what is going on. Passengers told that there will be a
half-hour delay are less unhappy than those left waiting even twenty minutes
without an explanation.

But even knowing
how long we have to wait isn’t the whole answer. We must also believe that
everything is being done to minimize our delay. Larson cites the example of two
neighbouring American banks. One was highly computerised and served a customer,
on average, every 30 seconds. The other bank was less automated and took twice
as long. But because the tellers at the second bank looked extremely busy,
customers believed the service was faster and many transferred their accounts
to the slower bank. Ultimately, the first bank had to introduce time-wasting
ways of appearing more dynamic.

6 Lengthening the walk from the airport to
the baggage reclaim is to _____.

A. tell people
how to avoid standing in a queue

B. teach people
how to relieve anger while waiting

C. prevent
people from feeling angry while waiting

D. teach people
how to stand in a queue comfortably

7 Which of the following statements is
TRUE with regard to the Houston Airport experiment?

A. When all the
travelers had to wait for 2 minutes, there were hardly any complaints.

B. When the
walking time was extended to 6 minutes, there were hardly any complaints.

C. According to
Larson’s study, the long waiting was the cause of annoyance.

D. Professor
Richard Larson hates queuing so much that he tears his hair out.

8 The passage implies that _____.

A. people tend
to trust their eyes rather than their brain

B. people won’t
feel angry if they are informed of everything

C. it’s
unbearable for the airport to delay everyone

D. passengers
should be encouraged to carry hand baggage

9 The phrase “fed up” in the
last but one paragraph means _____.

A. confused 　 　

B. annoyed  　

C. excited　 　

D. satisfied

10 Customers transferred their accounts to
the slower bank, because _____.

A. customers
didn’t trust computers

B. they didn’t
like the inefficiency of the old bank

C. the tellers
seemed more efficient

D. the tellers
did everything to minimize the delay

【答案与解析】

6C  事实判断题。答题信息在文章第三段最后一句话“The extra walk extended the delay by five minutes for those carrying
only hand baggage, but passenger complaints dropped almost to zero”，这里提到延长从飞机到行李认领处的距离后，旅客不再抱怨了。因此C选项“防止旅客在等待过程中生气”为正确答案。

7B  细节判断题。由文章第三段第一句话“The airport authorities decided to lengthen the walk from the
aircraft, so that instead of a one-minute fast walk, the passengers spent six
minutes walking.”可知，从飞机到行李认领处的走路时间被延长至6分钟，因此B选项正确，同时也可以得知A选项错误。第二段第二句提到“the degree of
annoyance was not directly related to the time”，因此C选项不正确。通过第二段第一句可知Professor Richard Larson “hates queuing but rather than tear his
hair out”，因此D项也不正确。

8A  事实推理题。通过文中所举的例子，以及文章最后一句提到的“Ultimately, the first bank had to introduce time-wasting ways of
appearing more dynamic.” (最后，第一家也不得不采用费时但看起来更有动态变化的方式)，可以得知作者认为“people tend to trust their eyes rather than their brain”，人们倾向于相信自己的眼睛而不愿意相信自己的头脑。因此A选项为正确答案。

9B  词义判断题。通过下文中提到被告诉时间的人们会“less unhappy”，可知若不被告诉事情进展，人们可能会更不高兴，因此应该选B项annoyed“恼怒的；烦闷的”。

10C  细节判断题。根据最后一段倒数第二句话“But because the tellers at the second bank looked extremely busy,
customers believed the service was faster and many transferred their accounts
to the slower bank.”可知，人们选择实际上更慢的银行是因为那里的出纳员看起来更有效率。

Passage Three

According to
psychologists, an emotion is aroused when a man or animal views something as
either bad or good. When a person feels like running away from something he
thinks will hurt him, we call this emotion fear. If the person wants to remove
the danger by attacking it, we call the emotion anger. The emotions of joy and
love are aroused when we think something can help us. An emotion does not have
to be created by something in the outside world. It can be created by a
person’s thoughts.

Everyone has
emotions. Many psychologists believe that infants are born without emotions.
They believe children learn emotions just as they learn to read and write. A
growing child not only learns his emotions but learns how to act in certain
situations because of an emotion.

Psychologists
think that there are two types of emotions: positive and negative. Positive
emotions include love, liking, joy, delight, and hope. They are aroused by
something that appeals to a person. Negative emotions make a person unhappy or
dissatisfied. They include anger, fear, despair, sadness, and disgust. In
growing up, a person learns to cope with the negative emotions in order to be
happy. And if a person has the ability to tackle negative emotions so that he
is not affected terribly by the unhappiness and dissatisfaction, he will live a
better life.

Emotions may be
weak or strong. Some strong emotions are so unpleasant that a person will try
any means to escape from them in order to feel happy. The person may choose
unusual ways to avoid the emotion. They may choose drinking alcohol or even
taking drugs to make them forget the sadness. However, sometimes, the excessive
ways of escaping only result in tragedy.

Strong emotions
can make it hard to think and to solve problems. They may prevent a person from
learning or paying attention to what he is doing. For example, a student taking
an examination may be so worried about failing that he cannot think properly.
The worry drains valuable mental energy he needs for the
examination.

11 The purpose of the author in writing
this passage is to _____.

A. define and
classify emotions

B. explain how
emotions function

C. show how
people avoid the negative emotions

D. explain how
many kinds of emotions people have

12 According to the passage, an emotion is
created by something _____.

A. one thinks
helpful

B. one thinks
will hurt

C. one thinks
bad or good

D. one faces in
the outside world

13 Which of the following statements is
NOT true according to the passage?

A. Babies are
born without emotions.

B. Children
learn emotions as they grow up.

C. People can
cope with the negative emotions in life.

D. Emotions
fall into two types in general, weak and strong.

14 The underlined word “drains”
in the last sentence means _____.

A. stops　  　 　 　 　 　

B. ties

C. weakens　 　 　 　 　

D. flows

15 We can safely conclude from the passage
that _____.

A. dealing with
difficulties is one of man’s inborn ability

B. the events
of the material world create a person’s emotions

C. people may
try to avoid such emotions as anger and despair

D. a student
may fail in an exam if he cannot pay attention to it

【答案与解析】

11A  主旨归纳题。文章第一、二段首先指出情绪是怎么产生的，什么是情绪。第三段具体解释了两种类型的情绪，并且在最后两段说明了情绪对人的影响。A项“情绪的定义和分类”能够概括全文，因此选A项。B、C、D选项的内容为文章的部分内容，不能概括全文，因此排除。

12C  细节题。答题信息在文章第一句话“According to psychologists, an emotion is aroused when a man or
animal views something as either bad or good”，由此可知，人的情绪是由对事情好坏的判断产生的。因此正确答案是C选项。

13D  事实判断题。题干中问到选项中哪一项不正确。根据文章第二段提到的“Many psychologists believe that infants are born without emotions.”以及“They believe children learn
emotions just as…”可以得知A、B选项都正确。根据第三段“In growing up, a
person learns to cope with the negative emotions in order to be happy.”可知C项也正确。而通过第三段第一句“Psychologists
think that there are two types of emotions: positive and negative.”可以判断D选项错误。

14C  词义推理题。该单词的词意可以通过语境判断，前文提到强烈的情绪会分散注意力，而这里举例学生因为担心而drains his energy，即消耗能量，显然应该选weakens，所以答案应该是C选项。

15D  事实推理题。根据文章最后一段的内容，作者指出对考试失败的担心会分散学生的注意力，所以有理由推断D选项正确。

Passage Four

Polyester is now
being used for bottles. ICI, the chemicals and plastics company believes that
it is now beginning to break the grip of glass on the bottle business and thus
take advantage of this huge market.

All the plastics
manufacturers have been experiencing hard times as their traditional products
have been doing badly world-wide for the last few years. Between 1982 and 1984
the Plastics Division of ICI had lost a hundred and twenty million dollars, and
they felt that the most hopeful new market was in packaging, bottles and cans.

Since 1982 it
has opened three new factories producing ‘Melinar’, the raw material from which
high quality polyester bottles are made.

The polyester
bottle was born in the 1970s, when soft drinks companies like Coca Cola started
selling their drinks in giant two-litre containers. Because of the build-up of
the pressure of gas in these large containers, glass was unsuitable. Nor was
PVC, the plastic which had been used for bottles since the 1960s, suitable for
drinks with gas in them. A new plastic had to be made.

Glass is still
cheaper for the smaller bottles, and will continue to be so unless oil and
plastic become much cheaper, but plastic does well for the larger sizes.

Polyester
bottles are virtually unbreakable. The manufacturers claim they are also
lighter, less noisy when being handled, and can be re-used. Shopkeepers and
other business people are unlikely to object to a change from glass to
polyester, since these bottles mean few breakages, which are costly and
time-consuming. The public, though, have been more difficult to persuade. ICI’s
commercial department is developing different bottles with interesting shapes,
to try and make them visually more attractive to the public.

The next step
could be to develop a plastic which could replace tins for food. The problem
here is the high temperatures necessary for cooking the food in the container.

16 In the 1980’s the plastics manufacturers
came to realize that they _____.

A. should
develop packaging, bottles and cans products

B. must further
increase their traditional products

C. should stop
the manufacture of plastics

D. should raise
more funds

17 The reason why ICI’s Plastic Division is
interested in polyester bottles is that _____.

A. raw material
rises in price

B. polyester
bottles are welcome

C. glass
bottles are very expensive

D. other things
they manufacture are not selling well

18 We may infer that the public _____.

A. like polyester
bottles very much

B. completely
give up using glass bottles

C. is unlikely
to object to a change from glass to polyester

D. still like
traditional glass bottles

19 Manufacturers believe that polyester
bottles are _____.

A. unbreakable 　 　 　 　 　

B. lighter

C. less noisy
when being handled　  　

D. all of the
above

20 It is implied but not directly stated
that ICI, the chemicals and plastics company _____.

A. will not
maintain the status quo

B. tries to
manufacture more colorful bottles

C. is content
with the previous achievement

D. is unwilling
to develop any other plastic products

【答案与解析】

16A  细节题。根据题干中出现的80年代，可以定位到文章第二段。由第二段最后一句“they felt that the most hopeful new market was in packaging, bottles
and cans”可知，塑料厂商意识到他们要开发包装材料、瓶子和罐子产品。因此A选项为正确答案，B、C、D选项中的信息在文中都没有体现。

17D  细节题。答题信息在第二段第一句“as their traditional products have been doing badly world-wide for
the last few years”，这里提到他们的传统产品过去几年在全世界范围内销量都很不好，所以D项是正确答案。

18D  推理题。答题信息在文章倒数第二段倒数第二句话“The public, though, have been more difficult to persuade”，这里提到要说服公众接受把玻璃换成聚酯产品有些困难，可见D选项“公众更喜欢传统的玻璃瓶”符合题意。

19D  细节题。由倒数第二段前两句话可知，生产商认为聚酯产品“unbreakable”、“lighter”、“less noisy when being handled, and can be re-used”，因此A、B、C选项中的内容都有体现，所以正确答案应该为D选项。

20A  推理题。题干中问到文中没有直接说明但是暗含的内容，因而首先可以排除B项,因为文中有直接说明。C选项和D选项不符合题意，因为ICI塑料生产商没有满足于现状，正在努力开发新产品，因而只有A项为正确答案。

Part II
Vocabulary and Structure (0.5×30=15%)

Directions: There are
30 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices
marked.A., B., C. and D.. Choose the ONE answer that best completes the sentence.
Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line
through the centre.

21 The meeting was _____ over by the mayor
to discuss the tax raise in the city.

A. presumed 　

B. propelled 　

C. presided　 　

D. prickled

【答案】C

【解析】句意：会议由市长主持，讨论该市税收增加的问题。preside over“主持”，符合题意。presume假设，推测。propel推进，激励；prick刺，刺痛。根据词义可知C项为正确答案。

22 He gradually _____ that her parents had
been right and his decision had to be modified.

A. perceived 　

B. pioneered 　

C. plagued 　

D. transformed

【答案】A

【解析】句意：他逐渐觉察到她的父母是对的，他必须改变自己的决定。perceive意为“觉察，感知”，符合句意。pioneer开拓，开辟。plague折磨，使苦恼。transform转变，改变。

23 A man who could _____ such treatment was a man of remarkable
physical courage and moral strength.

A. bear upon　  　

B. take on 　

C. stand up to　 　

D. substitute

【答案】C

【解析】句意：能够承受这种治疗的人必定拥有过人的勇气和强大的精神力量。stand up to意为“经得住”，符合句意。bear upon影响到，对……施加压力。take on呈现，承担。substitute代替。

24 A passion for the theater which may demonstrate all the ways of
life can be fairly satisfying _____ for life.

A. substance 　

B. imitation  　

C. repetition 　

D. substitute

【答案】D

【解析】句意：电影能够展现出形形色色的生活，对电影的热爱可以成为一个相当令人满意的生活的替代品。substitute含有“替代品”的意思，符合句意。substance物质。imitation模仿，仿制品。repetition重复；重演。

25 His strange behavior greatly, _____ me
and my friends as well that evening.

A. perplexed 　

B. exhausted 　

C. exclaimed　  　

D. exceeded

【答案】A

【解析】句意：他那天晚上表现得很反常，我和我的朋友都感到不可理解。perplex使迷惑。exhaust使筋疲力尽。exclaim大叫。exceed超越，凌驾。结合句意，只有A选项合适。

26 They _____ those who didn’t conform to their ideas, and took
advantage of those who agreed with them.

A. explored  　

B. persecuted　  　

C. extended  　

D. pinched

【答案】B

【解析】句意：他们迫害那些与自己观念不一致的人，利用那些认同他们的人。B选项persecute意为“迫害”，符合句意。explore探索；extend延伸；pinch使苦恼。

27 According to the international regulation, the playing of the
national anthem _____ all sports events.

A. repels　 　 　

B. remarks　 　

C. precedes　 　

D. requires

【答案】C

【解析】句意：根据国际规定，体育比赛前都要奏国歌。repel击退，驱逐。remark讲述，注意。precede在……之前。require要求。结合句意，只有C选项合适。

28 We all knew from the very _____ that
the plan would fail. Now you see it has become true.

A. outcome  　

B. outset　 　 　

C. upshot  　 　

D. outbreak

【答案】B

【解析】句意：我们大家在一开始就知道那项计划会失败，现在事实证明的确如此。outcome结果。outset开端。upshot结果，结局。outbreak爆发，突发。根据句意，只有B选项合适。from
the (very) outset为固定搭配，意思为“从一开始”。

29 His constant attempts to _____ his colleagues’ achievement
eventually caused his dismissal.

A. withdraw 　

B. diminish  　

C. restrain 　

D. confine

【答案】B

【解析】句意：他一再试图贬低同事的成绩，最终导致自己被辞退。diminish意为“使减少，贬低”，符合句意。withdraw撤退。restrain制止，抑制。confine将……局限于。

30 They have _____ the dance many times for the better effect
before they performed in the theater.

A. overtaken 　

B. interchanged

C. entreated  　

D. rehearsed

【答案】D

【解析】句意：他们在剧院演出之前已经排练这个舞蹈很多次了，希望取得更好的演出效果。overtake赶上，超过。interchange交换，交替。entreat恳求。rehearse排练。结合句意，只有D选项合适。

31 This work costs us nothing; it’s all
done by _____.

A. volunteers　  　

B. youngsters　  　

C. entrepreneurs　

D. acquaintance

【答案】A

【解析】句意：在这项工作中我们什么也没做,全是由志愿者完成的。volunteer志愿者。youngster年轻人。entrepreneur企业家。acquaintance认识的人。结合句意，只有A选项合适。

32 The writer _____ life in a refugee camp
very vividly.

A. probes  　 　

B. values　 　 　

C. creates  　

D. portrays

【答案】D

【解析】句意：作者生动地描述了难民营中的生活。portray意为“描绘”，符合句意。probe调查。value重视，评价。create创造，创作。

33 There have been a number of _____
between police in riot gear and demonstrators.

A. clasps 
　 　

B. clamps  　 　

C. clashes  　

D. clips

【答案】C

【解析】句意：防暴警察和示威人群已发生多次冲突。clasp钩，扣子。clamp钳；夹钳。clash冲突。clip夹子，回形针。结合句意，只有C选项合适。

34 A good vocabulary is _____ to a
successful business career.

A. dynamic  　

B. excessive  　

C. extensive  　

D. indispensable

【答案】D

【解析】句意：丰富的词汇量在成功的商务生涯中必不可少。indispensable意为“不可缺少的，绝对必要的”，符合句意。dynamic有活力的。excessive过多的，过度的。extensive广泛的，大量的。

35 They played the music of Mozart at a
slow _____.

A. tempo　 　 　

B. rhythm 　

C. rate  　 　

D. rating

【答案】A

【解析】句意：他们以缓慢的速度演奏莫扎特的音乐。tempo节拍，（音乐的）速度。rhythm韵律。rate频率。rating
(电视节目的) 收视率。结合题干信息，只有A选项合适。

36 The company does not _____ between men and women—everyone is
paid at the same rate.

A. deviate 　 　

B. fluctuate  　

C. mediate 　

D.
differentiate

【答案】D

【解析】句意：这个公司并没有区别对待男性和女性的员工——给他们支付同等待遇的薪资。differentiate意为“区别，使有差别”符合题意。deviate使偏离。fluctuate使波动，使动摇。mediate调停。

37 The old man is only the _____ head of
the business; his daughter makes all the decisions.

A. obedient  　

B. nominal　 　

C. petty 　 　

D. minor

【答案】B

【解析】句意：那老人只是这家企业名义上的负责人，是他女儿做出一切决定。nominal“名义上的，有名无实的”，符合句意。obedient顺从的，服从的。petty琐碎的，小气的。minor次要的。

38 He _____ of the first truly portable computer
in 1968.

A. conceived　  　

B. clutched　 　

C. strove 　

D. groped

【答案】A

【解析】句意：1968年，他构想出第一台真正的便携式计算机。conceive of意为“想出，构想”，符合句意。clutch与at连用，意为“抓住”。strive一般和for连用，意为“为……努力”。grope后接for，意为“摸索……”。

39 Small wonder that many voters hold
their politicians in _____.

A. complaint　  　

B. census　 　 　

C. consensus 　

D. contempt

【答案】D

【解析】句意：无怪乎很多选民看不起他们的政治家。contempt有“轻视，蔑视”之意；hold in contempt为固定结构，意为“认为…不屑一顾；轻视”。因此D选项为正确答案。

40 He wrote quite a few _____ because he
loved to make people laugh.

A. comedies 　

B. tragedies  　

C. melodies  　

D. ballets

【答案】A

【解析】句意：他写了很多喜剧，因为他喜欢逗人们笑。comedy喜剧。tragedy悲剧。melody旋律。ballet芭蕾舞剧。结合题干，只有A选项合适。

41 After riding on a merry-go-round, she
started to feel _____ and had to lie down.

A. dizzy　  　 　

B. bewildered　 　

C. nasty　  　 　

D. painful

【答案】A

【解析】句意：骑过旋转木马后，她开始觉得眩晕，不得不躺下休息。dizzy意为“眩晕的”符合题意。bewildered困惑的，不知所措的。nasty可恶的。painful痛苦的。

42 The beauty of Venice, which fascinates
all the visitors, _____ the style of its ancient buildings.

A. consists in　  　

B. rests on 　

C. results in  　

D. depends on

【答案】A

【解析】句意：让所有游客着迷的威尼斯之美在于其古建筑的风格。consist in意为“在于，存在于”，符合题意。rest on依靠，停留于。result in导致。depend on取决于，依赖于。

43 The general insisted on taking _____ as
he did not trust the defeated leaders.

A. captives　 　

B. hostages　 　

C. rivals　  　 　

D. opponents

【答案】B

【解析】句意：将军坚持要扣留人质，因为他不信任那些战败的领导人。hostage“人质”，take hostages意为“扣留人质”，符合题意。captive俘虏。rival对手。opponent反对者。根据句意，B选项最合适。

44 Before the hospital treatment, he looked like a _____ but a
month later he said he felt like an Olympic champion.

A. skeleton　 　

B. survival　 　

C. patient  　 　

D. framework

【答案】A

【解析】句意：住院治疗之前，他看起来骨瘦如柴，但一个月后他说感觉自己像奥运冠军。skeleton意为“骨架，骨瘦如柴的人”，符合题意。survival幸存者。patient病人。framework框架，结构。

45 Traveling around the world and meeting
new people broadened the young man’s _____.

A. conceptions  　

B. intelligence  　

C. perceptions　 　

D. horizons

【答案】D

【解析】句意：周游世界，认识不同的人开阔了年轻人的眼界。broaden one’s horizons意为“开拓眼界”，故D选项合适。

46 It is estimated that the total of _____
from the country overseas will this year reach 150,000.

A. migrants  　

B. immigrants　 　

C. emigrants 　

D. inhabitants

【答案】B

【解析】句意：估计今年来自海外的移民数量会达到15万。migrant迁移人口。immigrant（外来）移民；emigrant移民（本国移出）。inhabitant居民。结合句意，可知B选项合适。

47 Experience leads me to think that it is
not always good to get _____ with strangers.

A. tolerant 　 　

B. confidential 

C. enthusiastic  　

D. agreeable

【答案】B

【解析】句意：经验让我知道信任陌生人并不总是一件好事。confidential有“表示信任的，亲密的”的意思，符合题意。

48 The English language is capable of
expressing many subtle _____ of meanings.

A. levels　 　 　

B. concepts　 　

C. shades　 　 　

D. implications

【答案】C

【解析】句意：英语能表达很多微妙的语义变化。shade 含有“(抽象事物的)细微差别,不同方面”的意思。根据句意，subtle shade of
meaning“微妙语义变化”更合适，因此正确答案应为C选项。

49 The waste of soil by washing is among the most dangerous of all
wastes _____ progress in the United States.

A. of 　 　 　

B. in  　 　

C. on 　 　

D. to

【答案】B

【解析】句意：淋洗造成的土壤浪费，是正发生在美国的最危险的浪费之一。in progress是固定结构，意为“在进行中”。

50 Night was falling. All was darkness
_____ an occasional glimmer in the distance.

A. despite  　 　

B. besides  　

C. but for  　 　

D. except for

【答案】D

【解析】句意：夜幕正在降临，除了远处偶尔会有闪光外，一片漆黑。except for表示“除……以外”，指对某种基本情况进行具体的细节方面的修正补充。所以D项正确答案。despite尽管，不管。besides除…之外(还)。but for要不是，如果不是。

Part III
Cloze　 (1×20=20%)

Directions: There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there
are four choices marked A., B., C. and D.. You should choose the ONE that best
fits into the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet
with a single line through the centre.

It seems that
trees can talk to each other. Two American biologists at the University of
Washington carried out an interesting (51) in
the early 1980s. They placed (52) of harmful
insects on the branches of some trees in order to discover (53) trees defend themselves from attack. They found that the chemical (54) of leaves on the tree (55) the insects
were soon began to change. The leaves changed so much (56) it was soon impossible for the insects to eat such (57). The insects began to die (58) starvations.
(59), the scientists’ most surprising (60) was that the chemical composition of leaves changed on neighboring
trees as well as on those already (61) by
insects. Those trees were not yet under (62) and
yet they were getting ready to defend themselves (63) attack. It seems that the trees were (64) passing
information to each other. The trees were so (65)apart
that there was no (66) contact between their
branches. (67) were they close enough for their
roots to touch.

A similar
American experiment was (68) out on a different
kind of tree. (69) the same results were
obtained. No one knows for certain how the trees pass information to their
neighbors but some scientists think that they may (70) chemicals
into the air to warn their fellows of danger.

51 A. search　 　 　 B.
inquiry　 　 　 C.
exploration   　 D.
survey

52 A. quantity　 　 　 B.
swarms  　 　 C.
amount  　 　 D.
sums

53 A. when　  　 　 B.
what  　 　 　 C.
why　  　 　 　 D.
how

54 A. composition   B.
content　 　 　 C.
construction　 　 D.
structure

55 A. here 　 　 B.
there　 　 　 　 C.
where 　 　 　 D.
which

56 A. yet　 　 　 　 B.
that 　 　 　 C.
therefore　  　 　 D.
and

57 A. trees 　 　 B.
trunks   　 　 C.
leaves 　 　 　 D.
branches

58 A. for　 　 　 　 B.
of　 　 　 　 C.
since    　 　 D.
with

59 A. However  　 B.
Instead　 　 　 C.
Fortunately   　 D.
Therefore

60 A. invention 　 B.
exposure　  　 　 C.
discovery　 　 　 D.
contribution

61 A. brought   　 B.
imposed 　 　 C.
affected  　 　 D.
effected

62 A. attack　 　 　 B.
damage  　 　 C.
control　 　 　 　 D.
consideration

63 A. by   　 　 B.
with　  　 　 　 C.
from　 　 　 　 D.
under

64 A. somewhere    B.
sometime　 　 　 C.
somehow　  　 　 D.
somewhat

65 A. far   　 　 B.
further　 　 　 　 C.
long　  　 　 　 D.
farther

66 A. chemical  　 B.
biological　 　 　 C.
psychological 　 D.
physical

67 A. Or   　 　 B.
So  　 　 　 C.
Either   　 　 D.
Neither

68 A. given　  　 　 B.
carried　 　 　 　 C.
broke 　 　 　 　 D.
held

69 A. Exactly   　 B.
Precisely　  　 　 C.
Accurately 　 　 　 D.
Punctually

70 A. release 　 　 　 B.
pass　  　 　 　 C.
transfer  　 　 D.
deliver

【答案与解析】

51D  词义辨析。survey调查；审视。search搜寻，寻找，搜索。inquiry询问；查问；探究（真理等）。exploration探索；勘测。本题选D项，这里的survey指的是研究调查。

52B  swarms of“一群”可以修饰后面的虫子，sums of一般用来修饰钱，A项与C项的形式不正确，应该为a quantity
of/quantities of和an
amount of/amounts of。

53D  此处应填入discover后面宾语从句的连接词，结合题干信息，此处应为“发现树木如何抵御攻击”，因此应该选择how。

54A  词义辨析。chemical composition为固定结构，意为“化学成分，化学组成”符合题意。content内容；construction构造；structure结构。

55C  此处为修饰tree的定语从句，结合题干信息，“虫子所在的树木”，因此要用连接词where，故C项正确。

56B  这里为so…that句式，“太……以致”，句意为：树叶的改变如此大，以致虫子不能再吃这样的叶子。

57C  此处考察信息照应。根据前后题干信息，这里只能填leaves，因为前面提到是叶子的改变太大，以致虫子不能吃。

58B  此处考察词组搭配。die of“因……死，死于”，后接死因，这里指“死于饥饿”符合题意。die for渴望，迫切想要，为……而死。

59A  根据题干信息，这里表转折的意思，因此要用转折连词however意为“然而，可是”。

60C  词义辨析。根据题干信息，此处应为“惊人的发现”，故discovery“发现”符合题意。invention发明。exposure暴露，揭露。contribution贡献，捐献。

61C  根据语境信息，这里应该为already affected by insects，意为“已经受虫子影响的树木”。affect“影响”，affected为其过去分词形式做后置定语修饰前面的代词those。brought为bring“带来”的过去分词形式。impose强加。effect起作用；达到目的。

62A  此处考察词组搭配。根据语境，可知under attack“受到攻击”符合题意，因此A是正确答案。

63C  此处考察动词defend的用法。defend 与from连用，意为“防卫…以免于；保卫”，因此C正确。

64C  副词词义。根据语境，此处应为副词somehow“以某种方法；莫名其妙地”。句意：看起来树木似乎正在通过某种方式相互传递信息。

65A  根据题干，far apart意为“离得很远”，A选项符合题意。C项long指长度，不符合题意。此处并没有比较的含义，因此B和D也可排除。

66D  根据语境，此处应为physical contact，意为“树枝之间没有直接接触”。physical指 “物理的；身体的；物质的”，符合题意。

67D  根据语境信息，这里应该用neither引导倒装结构，意为“也不；（两者）都不”。句意：它们之间也没有近到根部可以相互接触。

68B  此处考察动词词组。carry out an experiment意为“做实验，进行试验”因此B正确。

69A  副词词义辨析。根据语境，此处应选A项exactly“恰好地；完全地；精确地”，exactly the same表示“完全一样的”，本句句意为“也得到了完全一样的结果”。在这里，precisely“精确地”，accurately“准确地”，punctually“准时地”都不符合题意。

70A  根据题干信息，此处应该选择release“释放”，句意：但有些科学家认为它们会通过释放化学成分到空气中来向同伴发出危险警告。

Part IV Put the
following into Chinese (10%)

Heredity and
environment: which is stronger? The potentials which a person is born with
determine in some way what he will do in life. Therefore heredity is fate, a
kind of predestination. However, genes do not work in a vacuum; as soon as we
begin considering the role that they play in the development of the individual,
we see that there can be no development without the interacting environment. No
characteristic is caused exclusively by either environment or genes.

The relative
effects of heredity and environment are most clearly observable in identical
twins. Most identical twins are raised together and are remarkably alike in
both appearance and behavior. These cases demonstrate that individuals with the
same genes, when raised in the same environment, will respond to it in much the
same way. They do not indicate what would happen if these identical individuals
were raised separately.

【参考译文】

　 遗传与环境：究竟哪一个影响更大呢？从某种程度上讲，一个人生来具有的潜力将决定他一生的作为。因此遗传即命运,是命中注定的东西。然而，基因并不是在真空中发挥作用的；一旦我们开始认识到基因在个人发展中所起的作用，我们就会明白，没有与其相互作用的环境，就不可能有任何个人的发展。没有一个特点是完全由环境或者完全由基因造成的。

　 遗传和环境的相对影响在同卵双胞胎中最易观察到。大多数的同卵双胞胎是在一起长大的，因而无论在外表还是行为上都惊人的相像。这些事例证明，若在同样的环境中成长，具有相同基因的个体就会以几乎同样的方式做出反应。这些例子并不能说明如果把这些同卵双胞胎分开抚养会发生什么情况。

Part V Writing
(15%)

Directions: For this
part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic:
Career Planning for College Students.
You should write no less than 120 words and you should base your
composition on the outline below:

1 It’s
important for college students to plan their career.

2 What factors
should be taken into consideration when planning one’s career?

3 What can be
considered to be an ideal career plan?

【参考范文】

Career Planning for College Students

As more students
are admitted into college, it is more difficult and competitive for college
students to get a job today. Thus, career planning is very necessary for
college students to be well prepared for future.

First, you
should have a clear idea about what you value most, what your interests are and
what your strengths and weaknesses are, etc. Knowing yourself is the foundation
for good career planning. Then, you should learn as much as possible about the
field you plan to work in. Trying to acquire basic knowledge in class and
getting practical skills during the vacations will make you one step ahead.
Last but not least, ask your friends, teachers, or parents for suggestions.
Many hands make light work. Other people’s opinions can be more objective and
enlightening.

To conclude, an
ideal career planning should be realistic, practicable and suitable for
yourself. It might not ensure your success but would certainly help you in
preparing for it.

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