山东师范大学357英语翻译基础考研真题及辅导用书

考研真题

1. 山东师范大学外国语学院《357英语翻译基础》[专业硕士]历年考研真题

2. 2026年翻译硕士《357英语翻译基础》考研真题与典型题

考研指导书

1. 连淑能《英译汉教程》配套题库（含考研真题）

山东师范大学外国语学院《357英语翻译基础》[专业硕士]历年考研真题AI讲解

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2011年山东师范大学外国语学院357英语翻译基础考研真题及详解

Ⅰ. Turn the following terms,
abbreviations and proper nouns into Chinese. (15 points)

1. demographic statistics

【答案】人口统计

2. stamp duty

【答案】印花税

3. simulation laboratory

【答案】仿真实验室

4. ozone layer

【答案】臭氧层

5. functional equivalence

【答案】功能对等

6. game theory

【答案】博弈论

7. war correspondent

【答案】战地记者

8. job intermediary

【答案】职位中介

9. Interlingual translation

【答案】语际翻译

10. the conservation of energy

【答案】能量守恒

11. International Protocol

【答案】国际协定

12. APEC

【答案】亚太经贸合作组织 (Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation)

13. CPI

【答案】消费物价指数 (Consumer Price Index)

14. Byzantine art

【答案】拜占庭艺术

15. power politics

【答案】强权政治

Ⅱ. Turn the following terms,
abbreviations and proper nouns into English. (15 points)

1. 领土完整

【答案】territorial integrity

2. 贸易技术壁垒

【答案】technical barriers to trade

3. 分期付款

【答案】installment

4. 原油

【答案】crude oil

5. 房地产

【答案】real estate

6. 反倾销

【答案】anti-dumping

7. 养老基金

【答案】pension fund

8. 记者招待会

【答案】press conference

9. 急救站

【答案】first-aid station

10. 国内生产总值

【答案】Gross Domestic Product (GDP)

11. 三维空间

【答案】three-dimensional space

12. 前沿技术

【答案】cutting-edge technology

13. 国际惯例

【答案】international common practice

14. 正当权益

【答案】legitimate interests

15. 勇于创新

【答案】innovative

Ⅲ. Turn the following passage
into Chinese. (60 points)

The future of Europe
appears largely to depend today once again, for good or evil, whether we like it
or not, as it did for many centuries, on the future of Germany. It is still, as
Madame de Sta wrote, “the heart of Europe”. Destroyed, defensed, humiliated, arbitrarily
reshaped according to angry and frightened foreigners’ punitive ideas, it has laboriously
climbed back to the top. It has become once again the richest, strongest, most efficient,
orderly, productive, scientifically and technologically advanced, as well as the
most populous nation of Western Europe. In prosperous years, it is the first up;
in lean years, the last down. Italy is too tired, skeptical, unruly, and confused
to count. Victorious Great Britain has seen its arrogant pride fade away along with
its wealth, power, and prestige. France, of course, firmly and loudly proclaims
itself Number One, but too firmly and too loudly at times.

It is therefore once
again essential for everybody, the French, the British, the Italians, the other
Europeans, as well as the Americans and the Russians, to keep an eye in order to
figure out who the Germans are, who they think they are, what they are doing, and
where they will go next, wittingly or unwittingly. This, of course, was always impossible
to fathom. How can one tell? Germany is a Protean country. As everybody knows, only
when one tied down Proteus (海神普罗特斯), the prophetic old man of the sea, could one make him reveal the shape
of things to come. But he couldn’t be pinned down easily; he continued to change.
He could be a roaring lion, a harmless sheep, a slippery serpent, a charging bull,
or in turn, a rock, a tree, a brook, a bonfire.

【参考译文】

无论好坏，不管我们喜欢还是不喜欢，就像几个世纪以来一样，当今欧洲的未来在很大程度上还是取决于德国的未来。正如德斯塔夫人写道：“德国是欧洲的心脏。”被愤怒和恐惧的外国人惩罚，摧毁、抵制、羞辱、任意地重塑之后，它已经艰难地爬回到顶端。她再次成为最富有，最强大，最有效率，有序，高产，科学技术先进，也是西欧人口最多的国家。在繁荣的岁月里，它是第一个崛起的；在贫穷的年代，它是最后一个衰落的。意大利太累，多疑，不守规矩还很让人不解。大不列颠帝国的傲慢以及它的财富、权力和威望逐渐消失。当然，法国坚定地大声宣布自己是第一，但是有时太过坚定和大声了。

因此，对于法国人，英国人，意大利人，其他欧洲人以及美国人和俄罗斯人来说，重要的是要刻意或不经意地留意德国人是谁，他们认为自己是谁，他们正在做什么以及接下来要去哪里。当然，这总是无法理解的。人们怎么可能知道呢？德国是一个千变万化的国家。众所周知，只有当一个人束缚了海神普罗特斯这位大海的预言家时，才能让他揭示未来的形状。但他不能轻易地被打败；他不断改变。他可以是一只咆哮的狮子，一只无害的羊，一条滑溜的蛇，一头有力的公牛，或者依次是一块岩石，一棵树，一条小溪和一堆篝火。

Ⅳ. Turn the following passage
into English. (60 points)

自然界的能量有许多不同的形式。热能就是一种形式的能量。热能有许多是来自太阳。森林大火也可以产生热能，甚至一个动物温暖的身体也可以产生少许的热能。光能是能量的另一种形式，也是来自太阳和星星。一些动物甚至植物也可以产生少量的光能。无线电波和紫外线也是能量形式。另外，电能也是一种能量形式。

我们在家里使用的很多能量来自电。地球上的大多数能量——风、浪、热、光——来自太阳，而太阳本身的能量是由核能产生的。

有关能量的一些事情很难理解。宛若一位化妆师，能量不断从一种形式转变为另一种形式，当你自认为了解它的时候，它突然变成了另一种完全不同的形式。但是有一点是肯定的：能量永远不会消失，同样，它也不会无端地产生。过去，人们认为能量和物质是两种完全不同的东西。现在我们知道，能量和物质是可以转换的。微量的物质可以转换为令人难以置信的巨大核能。太阳利用氢气产生核能，但当氢气转化为能量，其质量也日益减少。

【参考译文】

Energy in nature
comes in many different forms. Heat is a form of energy. A lot of heat energy comes
from the sun. Heat can also come from a forest fire or, in much smaller quantities,
from the warm body of an animal. Light is another form of energy. It also comes
from the sun and from the stars. Some animals and even plants produce small amounts
of light energy. Radio waves and ultraviolet rays are other forms of energy. Then
there is electricity, which is yet another sort of energy.

Much of the energy
we use at home comes from electricity. Most of the Earth’s energy—wind, waves, heat
and light—comes from the sun. The sun itself is powered by nuclear energy.

There are some things
about energy that are difficult to understand. The fact that it constantly changes
from one to another makes energy rather like a disguised artist. When you think
you know what energy is, suddenly it has changed into a totally different form.
But one thing is certain: energy never disappears and, equally, it never appears
from nowhere. People used to think that energy and matter were two completely different
things. We now know that energy and matter are interchangeable. Tiny amounts of
matter convert into unbelievably huge amounts of nuclear energy. The sun produces
nuclear energy from hydrogen gas and, day by day, its mass gets less, as matter
is converted to energy.

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