山东师范大学211翻译硕士英语考研真题及辅导用书

考研真题

1. 山东师范大学外国语学院《211翻译硕士英语》[专业硕士]历年考研真题

2. 2026年翻译硕士《211翻译硕士英语》考研真题与模拟题

考研指导书

1. 张汉熙《高级英语（1）》（第3版重排版）学习指南【词汇短语＋课文精解＋全文翻译＋练习答案】

2. 张汉熙《高级英语（2）》（第3版重排版）学习指南【词汇短语＋课文精解＋全文翻译＋练习答案】

山东师范大学外国语学院《211翻译硕士英语》[专业硕士]历年考研真题AI讲解

书籍目录

部分内容

2011年山东师范大学外国语学院211翻译硕士英语考研真题及详解

Ⅰ. Vocabulary and
Grammatical Structure (30 points)

Section A

Directions: There are 15 sentences in this section. Each
sentence in this section has a word or phrase underlined. There are 4 words or
phrases beneath each sentence. Choose the one which would best keep the meaning
of the original sentence if it were substituted for the underlined part.

1. We were all scared when we heard some weird shrieks in
the forest.

A. strange

B. agonizing

C. wild

D. sad

【答案】A

【解析】句意：我们在森林里听到一些奇怪的尖叫声时都很害怕。weird怪异的。agonizing痛苦难忍的。

2. The wording of the treaty is loose, if
not evasive.

A. impertinent

B. misleading

C. redundant

D. obscure

【答案】B

【解析】句意：如果不是为了推脱的话，这个条约的措辞很不精确。evasive逃避的；托辞的。misleading误导性的。impertinent不恰当的；无礼的。redundant多余的，过剩的。

3. For the homeless children staying at Rafael House in San Francisco, school days begin with
prayers and the pledge of allegiance.

A. sympathy

B. loyalty

C. hostility

D. revenge

【答案】B

【解析】句意：对于住在旧金山拉菲尔大厦(Rafael House)无家可归的孩子来说，上学的日子以祈祷和效忠宣誓开始。allegiance效忠，忠诚。hostility敌意。revenge报复。

4. It was inappropriate for you to mock
the man’s misshapen body and failing limbs.

A. touch

B. resent

C. protect

D. ridicule

【答案】D

【解析】mock嘲弄。ridicule嘲笑；嘲弄。resent怨恨。

5. It is obvious that the trend toward
smaller families will continue unabated.

A. unparalleled

B. unchallenged

C. at full strength

D. at a slow
speed

【答案】C

【解析】句意：很明显，小型家庭的趋势将持续下去。unabated不减弱的。unparalleled无比的；无双的。

6. The general election campaign will be
under constant international scrutiny.

A. investigation

B. examination

C. promotion

D.
administration

【答案】B

【解析】句意：大选将受到国际社会的密切监督。scrutiny详细审查；监视。

7. John went out of his office in order to
calm the turmoil within him.

A. passion

B. emotion

C. difference

D. disturbance

【答案】D

【解析】句意：约翰走出办公室，以平息内心的骚动。turmoil混乱，骚动。disturbance干扰；骚乱。

8. Relations between them would be much
more harmonious if only there were a little more give and take.

A. sufficient
contributions

B. mutual
concessions

C. friendly
conversions

D. frequent
consultations

【答案】B

【解析】句意：如果他们俩能互相迁就，他们之间的关系会更加和谐。give and take平等交换；互相迁就。mutual concessions相互让步。

9. She kept asking me to go shopping with
her. In the end, it got on my nerves.

A. annoyed me

B. distracted me

C. impressed me

D. convinced me

【答案】A

【解析】句意：她一直让我和她一起去购物，最后我感到很烦。get on one’s nerves惹人烦。

10. He sat in the center of the room with
the communications system and ancillary equipment.

A. audible

B. auxiliary

C. authentic

D. auspicious

【答案】B

【解析】句意：他坐在有通讯系统和辅助设备房间的中央。ancillary辅助的。auxiliary辅助的。audible听得见的。authentic真正的，真实的。auspicious吉兆的。

11. Mr. Robinson often prided himself on
the fact that he always called a spade a spade.

A. completed
his duties

B. worked
diligently

C. poke frankly

D. kept his word

【答案】C

【解析】句意：罗宾逊先生经常以自己直言不讳的性格为豪。call a spade a spade直言不讳。

12. Mary’s parents taught her always to be benevolent.

A. hard working

B. kindhearted

C. honest

D. brave

【答案】B

【解析】句意：玛丽的父母教导她要仁慈。benevolent仁慈的，善心的。kindhearted仁慈的，好心肠的。

13. She went to the country to recuperate
after her long illness.

A. convene

B. converse

C. converge

D. convalesce

【答案】D

【解析】recuperate复原；休养。convalesce恢复健康，康复。convene召集。converse谈话，交谈。converge聚集；靠拢。

14. All the staff members of the
development made zealous efforts to clean up the hall for their party.

A. gigantic

B. concerted

C. enthusiastic

D. dedicated

【答案】C

【解析】句意：所有的工作人员都积极地为他们的聚会打扫大厅。zealous热心的，热情的。gigantic巨大的。concerted协调的。dedicated专注的；献身的。

15. The Chancellor ignored the fact
that he was the center of criticism and stuck to his reforms.

A. discharged

B. disregarded

C. disguised

D. disposed

【答案】B

【解析】句意：总理不顾自己成为批评的焦点而坚持自己的改革。disregard忽视；不理。discharge解雇；卸下。disguise掩饰；假装。dispose处理；处置。

Section B

Directions: There are 15 sentences in this section.
Beneath each sentence there are 4 choices marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the
best one that completes the sentence.

16. _____ to the
question of refreshments, I should think lemonade and sandwiches will be
enough.

A. Prior

B. As

C. Due

D. According

【答案】B

【解析】句意：至于茶点而言，我认为柠檬水和三明治就足够了。as to至于；就……而论。prior to在……之前。

17. It was recommended
that the pharmaceutical company _____ permission to sell the medicine for
routine use.

A. to be give

B. is given

C. is to be
given

D. be given

【答案】D

【解析】It was recommended that后应该接should do，should可省略。the pharmaceutical company与give之间是被动关系，因此应该用被动语态。

18. I’m worried. They
were _____ before nightfall.

A. to arrive

B. arriving

C. to have
arrived

D. to be
arriving

【答案】A

【解析】be to do sth.在这里表示将来按计划或安排要做的事。

19. If you feel like
_____ a walk after super, I’d like to go with you.

A. to take

B. taking

C. for

D. and take

【答案】B

【解析】句意：如果你想在晚饭后散步，我想和你一起去。feel like doing想做……。

20. It was at Mary’s
home _____ we met for the first time.

A. when

B. which

C. there

D. that

【答案】D

【解析】本题考查强调句型，其形式为It is/was+被强调部分+that (who) +句子其他部分。

21. It is true that
Bobs plan is inferior _____ Jacks in many respects.

A. than

B. to

C. by

D. with

【答案】B

【解析】be inferior to劣于，次于。这个词组本身就有比较的含义，不需要再接than。

22. I wanted to buy a new computer this year, but my brother
rejected the idea _____ a trip to the beach.

A. in favor of

B. instead of

C. in view of

D. in case of

【答案】A

【解析】“reject…in
favor of…”的意思为“反对……而赞成……”。in view of鉴于；考虑到。in
case of万一；如果发生。

23. The moment I _____
my work report, we will go and play golf.

A. would finish

B. shall finish

C. finished

D. finish

【答案】D

【解析】the moment在引导时间状语从句时，从句用一般现在时，主句用一般将来时。

24. The compounds could
not have been formed if the chemical reaction _____stopped.

A. have been

B. was

C. had been

D. were

【答案】C

【解析】这句话是表示与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句，从句为过去完成时，主句为would (should, could, might) + have done。

25. The British are not so familiar with
different cultures and other ways of doing things, _____ is often the case in
other countries.

A. as

B. that

C. so

D. it

【答案】A

【解析】as is often the case为固定搭配，意思是“情况常常如此；这是常有的事”。

26. Greatly agitated, I
rushed to the apartment and tried the door, _____ to find it locked.

A. just

B. thus

C. hence

D. only

【答案】D

【解析】句意：我感到很不安，匆忙赶回到公寓，试了下门，却发现已经锁上了。only to do为不定式表示结果，通常是不好的结果。

27. Come what _____, we’re
not going to make any concessions to his unreasonable demands.

A. must

B. may

C. could

D. would

【答案】B

【解析】句意：无论怎样，我们都不会对他的无理要求做出任何让步。come what may为固定短语，意思是“无论怎样，不管怎样”。

28. _____ full
preparations, we decided to put off the meeting till next month.

A. We did not make

B. Having not made

C. We had not made

D. Not having made

【答案】D

【解析】这句话中前半句和后半句的主语都是we，所以动词应该用主动形式。由于做准备发生在开会之前，所以用完成时。

29. Scarcely _____
himself in his seats in the theater when the curtain went up.

A. has he settled

B. did he settle

C. had he settled

D. would he settle

【答案】C

【解析】scarcely为否定意义的词，放于句首时应该倒装。由于“settle in his seat”这个动作发生在“went up”之前，因此应该用过去完成时。

30. I will do my best to get the book for you _____ I could
remember who borrowed it.

A. except that

B. if only

C. on condition that

D. considering whether

【答案】C

【解析】句意：如果我记得谁借了这本书，我会尽最大的努力帮你拿到。on condition that倘若，如果。if only要是……多好。

Ⅱ. Reading
Comprehension: (40 points)

Section A

Directions: In this section there are three passages
followed by questions or unfinished statements, each with four suggested
answers marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that you think is the best answer.

Text A

Last year, when
President George W. Bush announced that federal funds could be used to support
research on human embryonic stem cells, he mandated that only those cell lines
that existed at the time would qualify for such support. More than a year later
it’s becoming increasingly clear that these existing cell lines are inadequate.
Unless more are created, the research slowdown may exact a staggering cost in
terms of human suffering.

Since this
announcement, the U. S National Institutes of Health has tried to stimulate
research on the existing cell lines with new funding and efforts to streamline
the initially cumbersome process of obtaining approved cells. However, whether
there are 60 cell lines, as originally stated, or nine, as now appear to be
available to NIH-funded investigators, the number is not adequate. Given the
genetic diversity within the population, scientists need access to new cell
lines if they are to come up with the most effective cell therapies.

The issue is
partly one of safety. In conducting research with human participants, we must
minimize risks. The most effective cell line might not be the safest. When
developing a new medicine, a large number of molecules must be screened to find
a balance between effectiveness and safety. The same is true with cells: In the
context of cell therapy, it will be important to minimize unwanted immune
reactions and inflammation. This requires selection from a large number of cell
lines to obtain the best match.

It’s clear from
experiments with animals that stem-cell therapies can reduce human suffering. Parkinsonian mice have been
cured with embryonic stem cells that were programmed to become
dopamine-secreting, replacement nerve cells. Soon, cells induced to make
insulin in tissue cultures will be used in attempts to treat diabetic mice.
Similar successes have been achieved in animal models of spinal cord injury,
heart failure and other degenerative disorders. We are at a frontier in
medicine where tissues will be re stored in ways that were not imaginable just
a few years ago. The ethical issues raised by human-embryo research are
profound. The human costs of restricting this research must be taken into
account as well. The cost in dollars of delaying new stem-cell research is
difficult to estimate. It might measure in the hundreds of billions of dollars,
especially if one adds the lost productivity of individuals who must leave work
to care for victims of degenerative disorders.

A less obvious,
but real, cost is the damage to the fabric of America’s extraordinary culture
of inquiry and technical development in biomedical science. Our universities
and teaching hospitals are unparalleled. We attract the very best students,
scientists and physicians from around the world. But these institutions are
fragile. Research and education play key roles in attracting the best
physicians. A crippled research enterprise might add an unbearable stress with
long-lasting effects on the entire system. If revolutionary new therapies are
delayed or outlawed, we could be set back for years, if not decades.

To steer clear
of controversy, some investigators will redirect their research. Others will
emigrate to countries where such research is allowed and encouraged. Some will
drop out entirely. The pall cast over the science community could extend far
beyond stem-cell research. Many therapies have emerged from collaboration
between government-sponsored researchers and private enterprise. Few of these
discoveries would have emerged ii, for instance, recombinant DNA research had
been outlawed 30 years ago. We face the same type of decision today with limits
placed on human embryonic stem cells. Safeguards will be necessary. But if we
do not proceed embracing the values of objective, open, inquiry with complete
sharing of methods and results, the field will be left to less rigorous fringe
groups here and abroad. Patients and society will suffer.

31. It can be inferred from Paragraph 1
that the author _____.

A. is in favor
of stem-cell research

B. welcomes the
research slowdown

C. takes a
neutral stand on the research

D. thinks it
essential to speed up the research

32. The word “streamline” in the second
paragraph probably means ______.

A. strengthen

B. simplify

C. ascertain

D. subvert

33. All of the following are the
consequences of the research slowdown EXCEPT ______.

A. the negative
impact on technical advancement

B. the
detriment to the culture of inquiry

C. the loss of
one’s productivity

D. the collapse
of American dreams

34. Which of the following statements about
the research is TRUE?

A. Some
researchers are dubious of the feasibility of the research.

B. Private
enterprise doesn’t show the interest in the research.

C. There should
be a balance between caution and audacity.

D. Many
researchers have given up their research.

35. The most suitable title for the passage
would be_____.

A. The Cell
Lines

B. The
Stem-cell Research

C. The Dangers
of Delay

D. Costs on
American Patients

【答案与解析】

31. A  作者在第一段最后一句说到“Unless more are created，the research slowdown may exact a staggering cost in  terms of
human suffering”，即如果找不到更多的细胞株，研究就会停下来，这将使人类遭受巨大的损失。由此可见，作者是支持干细胞研究的。

32. B  第二段第一句的意思为，自从布什政府宣布可用联邦基金支持干细胞研究后，美国国立卫生研究院就努力投入新资金来推动现有细胞系的研究并努力来streamline原先获取细胞的繁琐过程。既然原来的过程是很繁琐的，那需要做的就是简化这一过程。

33. D  由第四段最后一句“It might measure in the hundreds of billions of dollars, especially
if one adds the lost productivity of individuals”可知C是后果之一。第五段首句提到“A less obvious, but real, cost is the damage to the fabric of
America’s extraordinary culture of inquiry and technical development…”，因此A和B也符合文意。只有D未提及，故为答案。

34. C  最后一段最后三句提到“Safeguards will be necessary. But if we do not proceed embracing the
values of objective, open, inquiry…Patients and society will suffer”，即有必要采取预防措施，但是如果人们只重视安全问题，不继续探索……那么病人和社会就要遭受痛苦。由此可见，干细胞研究既要谨慎也要有冒险精神。

35. C  第一段最后一句作者就表明观点：如果找不到更多的细胞株，研究就会停下来，这将使人类遭受极大的痛苦。第四段首句表明动物实验证明干细胞疗法能减轻人类的病痛。第四段和第五段提到了干细胞研究停滞会带来的后果，因此这项研究不能拖延。

Text B

Judging from
tales about the rise and fall of empires, there is always a point when things
are going so well that the emperors doubt that anything could ever go wrong.
“Thrift,” warned Nero’s adviser Seneca, “comes too late when you find it at the
bottom of your purse.” In the Old World, nations grew fat and then lazy, until
they collapsed under their own weight. But that was not to be our story.
American greatness—the vision of the founders, the courage of the pioneers, the
industry of the nation builders—reflected a mighty faith in the power of
sacrifice as a muscle that made young nations strong. Banks were like gyms for
the soul: the first savings banks in Boston and New York were organized as
charities, where “bumble journeymen” could exercise good judgment, store their
money and not be tempted to waste it on drink. Architect Louis Sullivan carved
the word THRIFT over the door of his “jewel box” bank nearly a century ago, for
it was private virtue that made public prosperity possible.

That virtue died
with the baby boom, but it had been ailing ever since the Depression, argues
cultural historian David Tucker in the Decline of Thrift in America. That
crisis, he writes, invited economists to recast thrift as “the contemptible
vice which threw sand in the gears of our consumer economy.” A White House
report in 1931 urged parents to let children pick out their own clothes and
furniture, thereby creating in the child “a sense of personal as well as family
pride in ownership, and eventually teaching him that his personality can be
expressed through things.”

Somewhere along the way, thrift did not
just stop being a value; it became a folly. Saving was for suckers; you’d miss
the ride, die leaving money on the table when you could have lived it up. There
are no pockets in a shroud, as the saying goes. We once saved about 15% of our
income. By the roaring 80s the rate was 4%; now we’re in negative numbers. Bob
Hope liked to joke that “a bank is a place that will lend you money if you can
prove that you don’t need it.” But that too changed as easy credit bloomed and
usury became another of those vices that had somehow lost its juice. The
average American has nine credit cards with a total $17,000 balance. We borrow
against our houses and pensions to live in a way that dares us to actually grow
old. “Never invest in any idea you can’t illustrate with a crayon.” Fidelity
mastermind Peter Lynch advised, but we embraced all kinds of investments about
which we understood nothing except the hollow promise that they would never
fail. When the economy began to swoon we kept spending, effectively sending
ourselves rebate checks from accounts already way overdrawn, as if it would
make us feel better to buy a new TV and charge it to our kids.

George W. Bush
has never been reluctant to frame. Policy debates in moral terms, targeting an
“axis of evil”, casting tax cuts as the removal of unfair burdens on
hardworking people, calling tariff reduction a moral imperative. But thrift is
one virtue he never invokes, and a restoration of restraint is a strain of
conservatism he seldom promotes. In fact, it was after the most tragic day in
modern U.S. history, when Bush urged people who wanted to help to go shopping, that
profligacy officially replaced prudence as a patriotic duty.

There’s no way
to tell during this current distress whether we’re repenting or just
retrenching. Thrift store sales are up. Cats are shrinking. P. Diddy retired
his private jet to save on gas. In hard times, people often rediscover the
peace that prudence brings, when you try to spend a little less than you have
because tomorrow might be worse. But that feels almost un-American; we’re
optimists by nature, and we’ve been living large for so long that solvency
feels like a sacrifice. It will take some sustained character education—and
leadership—to understand that morning in America is more likely to come again
if we prepare for midnight.

36. What contributed to the booming of
American in its early days according to the author?

A. Frugality.

B. Banking.

C. Courage.

D. Charity.

37. Thrift had been declining in America
since the Depression, because_____.

A. America saw
a baby boom.

B. the country
had been stronger and more prosperous.

C. economists
believed it could obstruct economic development.

D. banks
encouraged people to spend.

38. According to the passage, which of the
following statement is CORRECT?

A. Some
Americans save because they want to enjoy themselves.

B. Americans
tend to be in debt because of over spending.

C. President
Bush often puts emphasis on moral.

D. Thrift is
believed as an act of patriotism in America.

39. The author is likely to agree that_____.

A. thrift
should be blamed for the Depression.

B. children
should develop a sense of ownership.

C. people
should be careful in spending.

D. it is not
wise to make investment.

40. What is the author’s main purpose in
writing this passage?

A. To criticize
banks that now indulge people to spend insensibly.

B. To analyze
causes of American economic crisis.

C. To raise
people’s consciousness of prudent spending.

D. To call for
American leaders to learn from nation builders.

【答案与解析】

36. A  第一段第五句提到“the power of sacrifice as a muscle that made young nations strong”即牺牲是使美国变得强大的力量。根据后面说到“Banks
were like…and not to be tempted to waste it on drink”和“Architect Louis
Sullivan…that made public prosperity possible”，因此，我们可以判断出“牺牲”在这里指的是“节俭”，故答案为A。

37. C  第二段第二句提到“That crisis, he writes, invited economics to recast thrift as ‘the
contemptible vice which threw sand in the gears of our consumer economy’”即那场经济危机使经济学家们重塑节俭，将其定义为‘在我们的消费经济齿轮上撒沙的可鄙恶习’。由此可见，这些经济学家认为节俭阻碍了经济的发展，是经济大萧条以来节俭开始衰落的原因，故答案为C。

38. B  由第三段可以看出，美国人确实希望享受生活，但他们认为享受生活的方式是live it up，即过豪华奢侈的生活，因此排除A项；第四段的首句大意为布什喜欢在政治辩论中使用道德术语，而并不是他重视道德，排除C；第四段说明挥霍被普遍认为是一种爱国行动，而不是节俭，排除D；从第四段的第四、五句中我们可知，美国人通常的消费方式是支出大于收入，他们甚至认为不负债就是一种节俭。由此可见，美国人通常都是负债的，答案为B。

39. C  第二段开始提到经济大萧条后人们的节俭意识下降，而没有说节俭导致了经济萧条，排除A；第三段作者提到了对投资的态度，即不要“investments about which we understood nothing”，而不是不要进行投资，因此排除D；第三段中作者对过度的、不理性的消费进行了批评，可见他会赞成谨慎的消费，故答案为C。

40. C  A在文中有涉及但不是整个文章的主旨；文中只提到了经济危机，并没有分析其原因，故B排除；D项太宽泛，文章开头就指出历史上帝国的兴衰沉浮证明了“兴于俭，衰于奢”。最后一段作者明确提出在经济危机时节俭的必要性，故答案为C。

Text C

John Julius
Norwich is the author of more than a dozen books on Norman Sicily, the Sahara,
Mount Athos and the Venetian and Byzantine empires. Yet even his immense
knowledge is not enough to keep his latest chronicle of 5, 000 years of
Mediterranean history appearing somewhat lopsided.

Lord Norwich’s
first test, he notes in his introduction to The Middle Sea, was to compensate
for an ignorance of Spain. He records that he was fortuitously invited to
dinner by “my dear friend” the Spanish ambassador to London and “a few weeks
later there came an invitation for nay wife and me to spend ten days in Spain.”
It is hard to believe that was all the effort he made, for he acquits himself
well, even in the convoluted diplomacy that ended in the war of the Spanish
succession.

Lord Norwich’s
second task was to strike a balance over time. The Middle Sea reaches
from ancient Egypt to the First World War. Like many long, chronological
narratives, it becomes progressively more detailed, though it is debatable
whether this is a good thing. Few people have changed the region as much as the
Romans, yet their republic’s five centuries get only a page more than the great
siege of Gibraltar which began in 1779.

Lord Norwich’s
final, and arguably most important, challenge is the area that is most likely
to engage modern readers: the intermittent, but frequently savage, conflict
between Muslims and Christians. Impatient with the notion, echoed most recently
and disastrously by Pope Benedict, that the Koran sanctions the spreading of
Islam by the sword, Lord Norwich is no Islamophobe. He is hostile to the
Crusades and fulsome in his praise of that traditional Western schoolbook
villain, Saladi.

Yet his account
remains disappointingly focused from Christendom outwards. It is true that
Muslims do appear in his book—usually in battle—but they rarely speak. Only two
items in the 170-volume bibliography are by Arab scholars and only one is by a
Turk. This is unabashedly history of the old school: Eurocentric (Octavian, the
author declares without irony, was the “undisputed master of the known world”)
and largely uninterested in what other economic, social and technological
changes may have shaped events.

What fires Lord
Norwich is recounting the doings of princes and preachers, warriors, courtiers
and courtesans. And he does it with consummate skill. He spices his nonnative
liberally with entertaining anecdotes, deft portraits and brisk judgments.
Aristotle, for example, is given short shrift as “one of the most reactionary
intellectuals that ever lived”. Lord Norwich’s control of his vast and complex
subject matter is masterly. And the subject matter itself is as colourful as
history can get. No sooner have readers bidden farewell to a short, fat,
dissolute sultan, Selim the Sot, than they encounter the “piratical Uskoks, a
heterogeneous, but exceedingly troublesome community”. Although few will resist
the temptation to keep turning the pages, readers will close this monumental
work exhilarated and informed, but with plenty of questions still unanswered.

41. According to the author, Lord Norwich’s
new book on Mediterranean history is_____.

A. cynical

B.
comprehensive

C. partial

D. equivocal

42. It can be inferred from the text that
_____.

A. the story of
Spain is comparatively less referred to

B. the Spanish
ambassador and Lord Norwich are close friends

C. the chapters
of the book are of the same length

D. today’s
readers are fed up with seeing conflicts

43. Which of the following is INCORRECT
about The Middle Sea?

A. There should
be more pages about the Romans.

B. Lord Norwich
writes quite well for the part of Spain.

C. Lord Norwich
holds a negative attitude to the Crusades.

D. Norwich
agrees with Pope Benedict on the spreading of Islam.

44. According to the text, Lord Norwich is
probably _____.

A. an
egocentric man

B. a
conservative

C. a modest
scholar

D a nobleman

45. The authors overall comment on Lord
Norwich’s book is one of _____.

A. disapproval

B. impartiality

C. ambiguity

D. extolment

【答案与解析】

41. C  根据第一段最后一句“Yet even his immense…somewhat lopsided”可知，作者认为他尽管知识渊博，但他最近一部记述地中海沿岸5000年历史的编年体著作仍免不了有失偏颇。这里的lopsided与partial同义，故C为正确选项。

42. A  由第二段第一句可知，Lord Norwich在The Middle Sea这本书的引言中表明其写作是对之前忽视西班牙历史的一种补偿。由此可以推断出在过去的历史著作中西班牙历史经常不被人提及，A项符合题意。

43. D  第四段第二句指出，有人认为，古兰经是允许伊斯兰教进行武力扩张的，可悲的是，最近本笃教皇也附和了这一观点。诺威奇对这种观点很反感，他并没有“伊斯兰恐惧症”。因此D项正确。

44. B  倒数第二段指出“This is unabashedly history of the old school”，即这是守旧派记述历史的突出风格，说明Lord Norwich比较保守，因此B项正确。

45. B  本文开篇指出Lord Norwich的新书是lopsided（有失偏颇的）。第二段指出西班牙那部分“he acquits himself well(写得很好)”；第三段对各时期的史实等量齐观的做法提出质疑。最后一段进行了总结：“Although few will resist the temptation to keep turning the pages,
readers will close this monumental work exhilarated and informed, but with
plenty of questions still unanswered”。这说明作者对该书的评价非常客观，既指出了问题，又肯定了优点，因此B项“不偏不倚，公正”正确。

Section B

Directions: There is one passage in this section. Read the
passage carefully and answer the questions that follow it in your own words.

Text D

For most of us,
work is the central, dominating fact of life. We spend more than half our
conscious hours at work, preparing for work, traveling to and from work. What
we do there largely determines out standard of living and to a considerable
extent the status we are accorded by our fellow citizens as well. It is
sometimes said that because leisure has become more important the indignities
and injustices of work can be pushed into a comer; that because work is pretty
intolerable, the people who do it should compensate for its boredom,
frustrations and humiliations by concentrating their hopes on the other parts
of their lives. I reject that as a counsel of despair. For the foreseeable
future the material and psychological rewards which work can provide, and the
conditions in which work is done, will continue to play a vital part in
determining the satisfaction that life can offer. Yet only a small minority can
control the pace at which they work or the conditions in which their work is
done; only for a small minority does work offer scope for creativity,
imagination, or initiative.

Inequality at
work and in work is still one of the cruelest and most glaring forms of
inequality in our society. We cannot hope to solve the more obvious problems of
industrial life, many of which arise directly or indirectly from the
frustrations created by inequality at work, unless we tackle it head-on. Still
less can we hope to create a decent and humane society.

The most glaring
inequality is that between managers and the rest. For most managers, work is an
opportunity and a challenge. Their jobs engage their interest and allow them to
develop their abilities. They are constantly learning, they are able to
exercise responsibility, they have a considerable degree of control over their
own—and others—working lives. Most important of all, they gave the opportunity
to initiate. By contrast, for most manual workers, and for growing numbers of
white-collar workers, work is a boring, monotonous, even painful exercise. They
spend all their working lives in conditions which would be regarded as
intolerable—for themselves—by those who take the decisions which let such
conditions continue. The majority have little control over their work; it
provides them with no opportunity for personal development. Often production is
so designed that workers are simply part of the technology. In offices, many
jobs are so routine that workers justifiably feel themselves to be mere cogs in
the bureaucratic machine. As a direct consequence of their worker experience,
many workers feel alienated from their work and their firm, whether it is in
public or in private ownership.

Rising education
standards feed rising expectations, yet the mount of control which the worker
has over his own work situations does not rise accordingly. In many cases his
control has been reduced. Symptoms of protest increase—rising sickness and
absenteeism, high turnover of employees, restrictions on output, and strikes,
both unofficial and official. There is not much escape out and upwards. As
management becomes more professional—in itself a good thing—the opportunity for
promotion from the shop floor become less. The only escape is to another
equally frustrating manual job; the only compensation is found not in the job
but outside it, if there is a rising standard of living.

46. Please paraphrase the following
sentence: It is sometimes said that because leisure has become more
important the indignities and injustices of work can be pushed into a corner. (paragraph
1)?

47. According to the author, what is one of the cruelest and most
glaring forms of inequality in our society?

48. Why does the author say that “The most glaring inequality is
that between managers and the rest”?

49. What is the result of rising educational
standards?

50. What is the key point of the passage?

【答案与解析】

46. People tend to pay more attention the
happiness of life and compensate for the unhappiness in their work.

（句意：有时人们说，现在休闲更重要了，工作中的屈辱和不公可以被放到角落里去。也就是说人们试图将注意力放在休闲活动上，来弥补在工作中的不愉快。）

47. One of the cruelest and most glaring
forms of inequality in our society is inequality at work and in work.

（由第二段第一句可知，作者认为工作中的不平等社会上最残酷、最明显的不平等之一。）

48. Because workers have little control
over their work, while managers can control both theirs and others working
lives.

（由第三段可知，工作对于管理者来说是一种机会，他们可以控制自己和他人的工作时间，然而对于其他人来说，工作是一种折磨与煎熬，他们几乎无法控制自己的工作。）

49. The result of rising educational
standards is more symptoms of protest and few ordinary workers get promoted.

（由最后一段可知，不断提高的教育标准助长了人们的期望，抗议的一系列症状有所增加，工人们由于没有相应的资格证书，晋升机会也越来越少。）

50. Inequality at work and in work is one
of the cruelest forms of inequality in our society.

（文章第一段指出工作对于大多数人来说都是痛苦的体验。第二段和第三段介绍了工作上的不平等。最后一段指出工人们对自己的工作控制力越来越小。由此可见全文都是关于工作上的不平等。）

Ⅲ. Composition (30
points)

Directions: Write a composition of about 400 words on the
following topic.

What is the essence of happiness?

You are to write in
three parts.

In the first part,
state specifically what your opinion is about the topic.

In the second part,
provide reasons or give examples to support your opinion.

In the last part, bring
what you have written to a conclusion or make a summary.

【参考范文】

From generation
to generation, the pursuit of happiness is an everlasting dream, though we have
always been puzzled by what the essence of happiness is. What is happiness? Is
it equal to entertainment or economic success? Will one’s economic success lead
to happiness directly? In my opinion, one’s economic success is not the only precondition
of one’s happiness.

There are many
kinds of happiness. As an old saying goes, “one person’s food may be another’s
poison.” For different people, happiness may means either becoming a successful
and respected leader, or a stable job in a large international corporation, or
a big house in the downtown, a nice set of furniture and so on. However,
happiness can also be a harmonious and peaceful family, or an intimate friend,
or just a smile, a gesture. In fact, happiness can be anything you could ever
think of. At least, we can have two kinds of happiness: spiritual happiness and
material happiness.

On the one hand,
we have to admit that one’s material well-being depends on economic success,
though not entirely. Without a steady economic backing, it is hard to imagine
how to live a relaxed and simple life, let alone a rich and luxurious life. If one
can’t afford a house, a car, or even a book, anyone would never think of the
happiness. Of course, some people can feel happy right away as long as their
basic needs of lives are met. But, we still have to admit that these people
also need some kind of economic success.

On the other
hand, personal economic success does not necessarily bring spiritual happiness.
It is known that money can’t bring us everything, even some people say that
money is the root of all evils. Economic success may be based on the sacrifice
of time, health and love, which are the most essential elements of one’s
spiritual happiness. Spiritual happiness is superior to and last longer than
economic happiness. One can never find the true happiness if he is not
satisfied spiritually. We are no strangers to this picture: a successful business
man is tasting loneliness alone with a broken heart.

In my opinion,
economic success is only one of the most important factors of getting
happiness, but definitely not the only factor. Although everyone has a
completely different understanding of happiness, happiness is to be satisfied
both spiritually and materially.

【解析】

本题要求就“What is the essence of happiness?”这一话题写一篇四百字左右的文章。第一部分需要明确提出自己的观点，第二部分需要举出例子或给出理由，第三部分要进行总结。

范文第一段和第二段提出，经济条件并不是幸福的唯一前提，精神上的满足也同样重要。第三段和第四段分别对物质与精神两个层面的幸福进行了说明。最后一段进行了总结并重申了作者的观点。

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