对外经济贸易大学815经济学综合考研真题及辅导用书

考研真题

1. 对外经济贸易大学《815经济学综合》历年考研真题

2. 全国名校经济学考研试卷分析及真题（含北大清华人大复旦等名校）

3. 全国名校经济学考研试卷分析及真题（含中央财大、武汉大学等名校）

4. 全国名校经济学考研真题

考研指导书

1. 高鸿业《西方经济学（微观部分）》（第8版）笔记和课后习题（含考研真题）

2. 高鸿业《西方经济学（微观部分）》（第8版）配套题库【考研真题精选＋章节题库】

3. 高鸿业《西方经济学（微观部分）》（第8版）名校考研真题

4. 平狄克《微观经济学》（第9版）笔记和课后习题

5. 平狄克《微观经济学》（第9版）名校考研真题

6. 平狄克《微观经济学》（第9版）配套题库【考研真题精选＋章节题库】

7. 高鸿业《西方经济学（宏观部分）》（第8版）笔记和课后习题（含考研真题）

8. 高鸿业《西方经济学（宏观部分）》（第8版）配套题库【考研真题精选＋章节题库】

9. 高鸿业《西方经济学（宏观部分）》（第8版）名校考研真题

10. 多恩布什《宏观经济学》（第13版）笔记和课后习题

11. 多恩布什《宏观经济学》（第13版）配套题库【考研真题精选＋章节题库】

12. 多恩布什《宏观经济学》（第13版）名校考研真题

13. 2026年西方经济学（宏观部分）考研真题与典型题

14. 2026年西方经济学（微观部分）考研真题与典型题

对外经济贸易大学《815经济学综合》历年考研真题AI讲解【23小时高清视频】

书籍目录

部分内容

2007年对外经济贸易大学《816经济学科综合》考研真题

一、名词解释

1生产者剩余

2奥肯定律

3显示比较优势指数

二、判断并说明理由

1现在许多国家的高等教育发展中出现了一种现象，即伴随着大学学费的上涨，人们对大学的需求是增加的，这种市场现象被视为需求定理的例外。

2当一个企业处在规模报酬递增的生产阶段时，一定意味着该企业不会出现要素边际报酬递减。

3在宏观经济学中，影响一国总需求中的投资概念包括有多种形式，如企业固定资产投资，以及人们对债券、股票的购买等。

4现代宏观经济理论认为，政府可以通过同时控制利率和货币存量来实施宏观货币政策。

三、简答题

1简述一个经济社会通过市场机制实现资源最优配置必须满足的条件。

2简述一种低档商品（inferior goods）的价格变动对消费者均衡购买的影响。

3简述鲍莫尔-托宾交易性货币需求模型。

4根据凯恩斯主义的IS-LM模型说明，为什么在经济萧条时期实施扩张性货币政策的作用有其很大的局限性，但实施扩张性财政政策对国民收入会产生很大的作用？

四、计算分析与论述题

12006年度的诺贝尔经济学奖得主费尔普斯认为，在实现长期稳定的经济增长时应该实现一个最大化的稳态消费水平，试问这个稳态消费水平如何确定？并运用经济学理论分析在短期和长期中，储蓄率提高对一国收入水平和收入增长的具体影响。

2我国近两年来的液晶彩电市场通过减价经历了激烈的市场竞争，试分析我国的彩电行业属于什么类型的市场结构？如果各大彩电商家能够实现限价联盟或限产联盟，那么这些方法是否能有效地解决彩电市场的激烈竞争？为什么？

3某产品生产企业的生产函数是Q＝100K^0.5L^0.5。目前，该企业投入的资本K和劳动力L分别为100和25，这一组合是厂商实现利润最大化时的要素有效组合。请计算：

（1）根据上述投入量，资本和劳动的边际产量各为多少？

（2）如果资本的价格是20元，那么工资率是多少？

（3）如果下一期资本的价格上涨为25元，而劳动力的价格和投入量都不改变，为了保证有效率的生产，资本投入量应是多少？这时的总产量是多少？

4下列等式描绘了一个经济体：C＝0.8（1－t）Y，t＝0.25，I＝900－50i，G＝500，L＝0.25Y－62.5i，CU＝150，RE＝100，cu＝0.2，re＝0.1，P＝2。这里，C表示消费支出，Y表示国民收入，t表示税率，I表示投资支出，G表示政府购买支出，i表示利率，L表示真实货币需求，CU表示通货，RE表示准备金，cu表示通货存款比率，re表示准备率，P表示价格水平。

（1）求IS曲线和LM曲线方程，并计算均衡收入和均衡利率。

（2）计算财政政策乘数和货币政策乘数。

（3）现在政府要改变需求的构成，减少消费100、增加投资100，从而保持当前的收入水平不变。请问：需要什么样的政策组合？用IS-LM曲线模型表示你的建议，并计算出需要调整的政策变量变化量是多少。

（4）假设充分就业的收入水平为4000，政府准备采用扩张性政策以实现充分就业，请问：如果单独采用扩张性财政政策，需要增加多少政府购买支出？如果采用扩张性财政政策的同时，采用适应性货币政策，政府购买支出和名义货币供给的变化量分别是多少？

五、英译汉

1 Unstoppable?

Diplomacy is the
art of the seemingly impossible. Fingers crossed, then that the diplomatic
toing and froing among America, Britain, France, Germany, Russia and China over
the coming weeks succeeds in avoiding the two biggest dangers in the gathering
nuclear confrontation with Iran. One is that, despite calls to desist from the
United Nations Security Council, Iran carries on its nuclear experimentation
and gets itself a bomb. The other is that failure to stop it in its nuclear
tracks by other means leads to military force being tried instead. Steering
clear of both these potential calamities requires that the costs to Iran of
pressing on and the potential benefits of giving up both rising sharply. Yet
the diplomats are stuck, and Iran may miscalculate that it can get away with
it.

Would it be so
disastrous if Iran got the bomb? Pakistan, India and Israel all built theirs in
defiance of the anti-nuclear rules that others accepted (though unlike North Korea and now Iran they did not sign the
Nuclear-Proliferation Treat, so never broke its provisions). The cold war, too,
passed off without the threatened nuclear Armageddon. Yet at times it was all
alarmingly close-run thing and each new nuclear state multiplies the dangers,
all have fingered their nuclear trigger at one time or another.

Iran, has to be
said, denies any interest in a bomb. Yet it spent two decades deceiving
inspectors from the International Atomic Energy Agency about its enrichment of
uranium and its experiments to produce plutonium (both potential bomb
ingredients), and it is still covering up. Few either inside Iran or outside
believe that its nuclear ambitions are entirely peaceful as claimed. The fear
is a double one: of what a regime like Iran’s
might be tempted to do with a bomb, and of the aftershocks a nuclear-capable
Iran might cause.

2 The Prospects
for Freer Trade

Countries prefer
to act independently; however, they cede authority on trade when they perceive
cooperation to be in their net interest. For example, countries have
surrendered elements of their sovereignty to the binding dispute-settlement
provisions of WTO. They have also banded together on other trade issues, such
as multilateral treaties on ivory trade to protect elephants. In any situation,
though, a country has the inalienable right to withdraw. At some point, a
country might withdraw from the WTO rather than accept its reprimand in a trade
dispute. Such action could greatly hamper trade liberalization, particularly if
the United States or the EU were to withdraw.

The issue of
environmental standards for products and their production defy swift
resolution. Countries with strict environmental regulations will undoubtedly
consider assigning “green countervailing duties” to penalize those firms that opt to operate where regulations are
lax. Producers facing these import restrictions undoubtedly will claim that
altruistic environmental standards are really a ruse to protect inefficient
domestic producers. Further, governments of developing countries suspect that
stricter product standards, largely advocated by industrial countries, will
impose yet another non-tariff trade barrier.

Ultimately,
trade policy depends to a great extent on public opinion. Groups that believe
they have been adversely affected by imports, especially if due to unfair
practices, are apt to be more vocal and persuasive at shaping public opinion
than people who benefit from trade. What is more worrisome, recent survey
report that a majority of people in the United States feel that foreign trade
has been bad for the U.S. economy. These surveys were taken during the boom
years of the late 1990s. One doubts that the economic trials of the early
twenty-first century have improved Americans’
outlooks. Such negative sentiment threatens to slow foreign trade
liberalization, especially in the face of a prolonged economic downturn.

3 The
Investment Portfolio

No single
investment instrument will provide income, growth, and a high degree of safety.
For this reason, all investors—whether institutions or individuals—build
investment portfolio, or collections of various types of investments. Money
managers and financial advisers are employed (ⅰ) to determine which investments
should be in an investor’s portfolio and (ⅱ)
to buy and sell securities and maintain the client’s
portfolio. A major concern for them is diversification-reducing the risk of
loss in a client’s total portfolio by
investing funds in several different securities, so a loss experienced by any
one will not affect the entire portfolio.

A portion of a
portfolio might be in investment-grade corporate bonds, and a portion might be
in common stocks. Likewise, owing stock in ten large corporations provides
greater safety through diversification than owing the stock of only one small
technology company. The loss of one stock might be offset by one or more other
stocks. A portfolio might also be structured to provide a desired rate of
return, the percentage gain or interest yield on investments. For example, an
investment-grade corporate bond might pay 7 percent interest but provide all
expected capital gain of only 2 percent, whereas a growth stock might be
expected to a capital gain of 14 percent but pay no dividend.

更多内容，请点击获取：
http://shuyue.100xuexi.com/Ebook/969189.html