宁波大学661基础英语考研真题及辅导用书

考研真题

1. 宁波大学外国语学院《661基础英语》历年考研真题

2. 全国名校基础英语考研真题

考研指导书

1. 张汉熙《高级英语（1）》（第3版重排版）学习指南【词汇短语＋课文精解＋全文翻译＋练习答案】

2. 张汉熙《高级英语（2）》（第3版重排版）学习指南【词汇短语＋课文精解＋全文翻译＋练习答案】

3. 邹为诚《综合英语教程（3）》（第3版）学习指南【词汇短语＋课文精解＋全文翻译＋练习答案】

4. 邹为诚《综合英语教程（4）》（第3版）学习指南【词汇短语＋课文精解＋全文翻译＋练习答案】

宁波大学外国语学院《661基础英语》历年考研真题AI讲解

书籍目录

部分内容

2004年宁波大学《312基础英语》考研真题及详解

Ⅰ. English
Phonetics (20 points)

Instructions: Give the
phonetic transcriptions of the following words or write out the words according
to the given phonetic transcriptions on the Answer Sheet. Remember to
mark out the stressed syllable of each of the phonetic
transcriptions.

1 introduction

【答案】/ɪntrəˈdʌkʃn/

2 distill

【答案】/dɪˈstɪl/

3 doctorate

【答案】/ˈdɒktərət/

4 envoy

【答案】/ˈenvɔɪ/

5 duration

【答案】/djuˈreɪʃn/

6 counselor

【答案】/ˈkaʊnsələ/

7 embassy

【答案】/ˈembəsi/

8 ample

【答案】/ˈæmpl/

9 sinologist

【答案】/saɪˈnɑːlədʒɪst/

10 archaeological

【答案】/ˌɑːkɪəˈlɒdʒɪkəl/

11 /pikˈtεriəl/

【答案】pictorial

12 /priˈsi:diŋ /

【答案】preceding

13 /əˈrei/

【答案】array

14 /ˈrəutəri/

【答案】rotary

15 /ˈlɔndʒitju: d/

【答案】longitude

16 /mægˈnetik/

【答案】magnetic

17 /ænˈtikwəti/

【答案】antiquity

18 /ʃəuviˈnistik/

【答案】chauvinistic

19 /kəmˈpeliŋ/

【答案】compelling

20 /ˈfə:nis/

【答案】furnace

Ⅱ. Error Detection and
Correction (20 points)

Instructions: There are
20 errors concerning spelling, diction, punctuation and grammar in the
following passage. Underline each of them and correct it in the corresponding
numbered blank on the Answer Sheet.

The basic issue
is the proposal that representation function by means of a dual-mode system,
with access to rules and exemplars. Both are feasable, but how they exist, or
rather, coexist, for any particular foreign language learner will depend on a
rang of factors—context of learning, nature of instruction, individual
differences and so on. The rule-based system is like to be parsimoniously and
elegantly organized, with rules been compactly structured. They will draw in
turn upon lexical elements (themselves well organized in a lexicon) if
necessary. Such a rule-based system is likely to be generating, with rules
being creative in their application, and so precise in the meanings that they
can express. It is also likely to be restructurable, having new rules replacing
or subsuming old rules, and then functioning efficiently as an extending
system. Such mode of representation is also likely to be less sensitive to
feedback since the precision and system which acounts for rule-organization
will make the feedback more informative. In essencial, then, the rule-based
system prioritizes analyzabilily. But of course, all these gains are achieved
in one considerable cost: their operation will lead a heavy processing burden
during goingon language use. Rules need complex processes of construction to
underpin their operation, which the units from which they are composed are
necessarily small, and require detail attention during comprehension and
assembly during production. This is resource draining, and likely, in the case
of the second language learner, to have capacity-stretching difficulties. As
result, this mode of communication may need supportive circumstances for it to
be feasible.

【答案与解析】

The basic issue
is the proposal that representation (21)function
by means of a dual-mode system, with access to rules and exemplars. Both are (22)feasable,
but how they exist, or rather, coexist, for any particular foreign language
learner will depend on a (23)rang of factors (24)—context of
learning, nature of instruction, individual differences and so on. The
rule-based system is (25)like to be parsimoniously and elegantly
organized, with rules been compactly structured. They will draw in (26)turn
upon lexical elements (themselves well organized in a lexicon) if necessary.
Such a rule-based system is likely to be (27)generating, with rules
being creative in their (28)application (29), and so precise in
the meanings that they can express. It is also likely to be restructurable,
having new rules replacing or subsuming old rules, and then (30)functioning
efficiently as an extending system. Such mode of representation is also likely
to be less sensitive to (31)feedback (32)since the precision and
system which (33)acounts for rule-organization will make the feedback
more informative. In (34)essencial, then, the rule-based system
prioritizes (35)analyzabilily. But of course, all these gains are
achieved (36)in one considerable cost: their operation will lead a heavy
processing burden during (37)goingon language use. Rules need complex
processes of construction to underpin their operation, which the units (38)from
which they are composed are necessarily small, and require detail attention
during comprehension and assembly (39)during production. This is
resource draining, and likely, in the case of the second language learner, to
have capacity-stretching difficulties. (40)As result, this mode of
communication may need supportive circumstances for it to be feasible.

21 function→functions

（representation为单数形式，此处因为是and后的完整句子所以function作动词，应加s。）

22 feasable→feasible

（feasible意为“可行的，可能的”，并没有feasable这个单词，此处是拼写错误。）

23 rang→range

（a
range of意为“一系列；一些”没有a rang of这种搭配。）

24 —→:

（此题是有关标点符号的问题，破折号和冒号二者都可以表示总分，但表示的总说和分说的关系不同。若分说部分是对总说的分项说明或列举时，则用冒号；若分说部分是对总说的解释，则应用破折号。此处为分项列举，故应使用冒号。）

25 like→likely

（根据意思此处应为be likely to，并且后文使用了好几个be likely to，like也不能直接接在is和to之间，所以此处应改为likely。）

26 turn→turns

（in
turns意为轮流，是多人间的轮流，所以此处错误。）

27 generating→generative

（此处因为以system为主语，所以无法使用generating，有根据后面的creative和precise可知此处应该也是形容system的形容词，故改为generative。）

28 application→applications

（前面使用的是their由此可知此处的应用应该为复数形式，所以此题选applications。）

29 去掉“,”

（此处的逗号应去掉，在这个句子“Such a
rule-based system is likely to be generating, with rules being creative in
their application, and so precise in the meanings that they can express.”中and后面的句子与前面的being creative所在句子为并列关系，而此处这个逗号可能使人误以为此处的and与such所在主句相连，所以应去除此处的逗号。）

30 functioning→functions

（此处and应连接两个并列句，所以后句应改为完整的句子，故function做动词。）

31 feedback→feedbacks

（feedback为可数名词，在此处既没有冠词也没有复数，是不能单独拿出来的，应该使用复数形式。）

32 since→because

（since讲原因的时候一般在句首引导从句，所以此处使用because更好。）

33 acounts→accounts

（acount为名词，在此处意思和用法都不搭，此处应使用account for意为“对……负责”。）

34 essencial→essence

（essencial没有这个词，而且此处使用固定搭配in essence。）

35 analyzabilily→analyzability

（analyzabilily的拼写错误，应为analyzability。）

36 in→at

（此处考查固定搭配at the cost意为“以……为代价”。）

37 goingon→going-on

（going
on做形容词时中间要加连字符。）

38 from→of

（此处考查固定搭配，be composed of 意为“由……组成”。）

39 during→in

（during更强调于时间上的跨度，in production才是说“在生产中”。）

40 As result→As a result

（此处考查固定搭配，as a result意为“因此”。）

Ⅲ. Cloze (20 points)

Instructions: Fill in
each of the blanks in the following passage with a proper word or phrase which
best completes the sentence.

When I returned
to Cambridge in 1948 the project of Science and Civilization in China
began in earnest, with the help of my first collaborator Wang Qing-Ning.
Although I was still Sir William
Dunn Reader in Biochemistry, and 41._____ had a good many lectures to give
to the advanced students, we made 42. _____ progress, and the first volume of
the series came out in 1954. 43. _____ back at it now, I feel that in a task of
this sort it is very important 44. _____ to know too much, but yet to be in possession
of a boundless enthusiasm for the Chinese people and their achievements over
the ages. Now 45. _____ fifteen volumes have been published, and the whole 46.
_____ is expected to consist of at least twenty-five, so we have come a long
way since we 47. _____ .

And gradually
what a cave of glittering treasures was opened up! My friends among the older
generation of sinologists had thought that we should find nothing—but how 48.
_____they were. One after another, extraordinary inventions and discoveries
clearly appeared in Chinese literature, archeological evidence or pictorial
witness, often, indeed generally, long preceding the parallel or adopted,
inventions and discoveries of 49._____. Whether it was the array of binomial
coefficients, or the standard method in interconversion of rotary and
longitudinal motion, or the first of all clockwork escapements, or the
plowshare of malleable cast iron, or the beginnings of geobotany and soil
science, or the finding of smallpox inoculation—wherever one looked there was “first”
after “ 50. _____”.

Francis Bacon had selected three inventions,
paper and printing, gunpowder, and the magnetic compass, which had done more,
he thought, than any religious conviction, 51._____ any astrological influence,
or any conqueror’s achievements, to transform completely the modem world and
mark it 52. _____ from antiquity and the Middle Ages. He regarded the origins
of these inventions as “obscure and inglorious” and he died 53. _____ ever
knowing that all of them were Chinese. We have done our 54. _____ to put this
record straight.

Chauvinistic
Westerners, of course, always try to minimize the 55. _____ of Europe to China in 56._____ and the
Middle Ages, but often the circumstantial evidence is compelling. 57. _____ the
first blast furnaces for cast iron now known to be Scandinavian of the late
eighteenth century AD, are of closely similar form to those of the previous
century in 58. _____ while as late as the seventeenth century all the magnetic
compasses of surveyors and astronomers pointed south, not the north, just 59.
_____ the compasses of China had always done. In many cases, however, we can
not as yet detect the capillary channels through which knowledge was conveyed
from East to West. Nevertheless we have always adapted the very reasonable
assumption that the longer the time elapsing between the appearance of a
discovery or invention in one part of the world, and its appearance later on in
some other part of the world far away, 60. _____ likely is it that the new
tiling was independently invented or discovered.

【答案与解析】

41 he

（although后面有两个分句，第一句说的是我，主句里面又说的是我们，所以第二个分句应该说有关他的事情，所以填he。）

42 great

（前面分句说了我和他的各种不方便之处，尽管如此我们最终还是出版了这本书，所以说是取得了很大的进展。）

43 Looking

（根据句意，此处主要讲述作者在多年后回顾当时的情景，使用look back。）

44 not

（后面的too much一般跟的都是否定的内容，并且后句还有but yet的转折，所以此处填not更为合理。）

45 after

（已经有15卷出版了，那就是说在这15卷出版之后。）

46 set

（总共想要出版25卷，这样为一套书，所以用set。）

47 started

（此处since后面要跟时间点，作者一直在感慨自从开始写这些书之后的成就，所以此处应该是“在我们开始之后”。）

48 surprised

（前句说了其他人是多么的不相信，然后用一个but进行转折，可见他们是很震惊。）

49 the West

（根据后面所说的内容，中国的发明总是比西方的早，所以此处填西方，the West。）

50 first

（此处指前文提到的这些发现发明中国要比西方早。）

51 or

（三项相并列，后一分句用的or，此处应该与之保持一致。）

52 away

（那些发明标志着它与中世纪相不同，away from it。）

53 without

（根据句意培根到死都不知道这些东西是中国的，所以此处填without。）

54 best

（根据句意我们尽了最大努力去改正这些记录，尽最大努力，try our best。）

55 inferiority

（前后文说到虽然西方好多发明都是在中国之后，但是西方的沙文主义是不会承认自已逊于中国的。inferior to意为“逊于”。）

56 antiquity

（文章第3段第一句话中有过antiquity与the Middle Ages的搭配，所以应填antiquity。）

57 For instance

（前文说到间接证据是令人信服的，后面就提到了许多例子，所以此处应该使用表示例子的短语。）

58 China

（又是描述的西方和中国发明的差异，中国的不知道比他们早了多少年，所以此处填中国。）

59 as

（根据句意正如中国的指南针一直那样做的，正如，just as。）

60 the more

（此处考查常用句型the more…the more，意思为“越……越……”）

Ⅳ. Reading Comprehension (40 points)

Instructions: There are
two passages in this section. The types of the questions vary greatly. So read the instructions carefully before
you cope with the questions. Remember to write your answers on the Answer
Sheet.

The Future of the Grizzly Bear

A. Grizzly bears
(Ursus Arctos) are
distributed around the Northern Hemisphere, but their major habitat is North
America. There are only about 58,000 left, more than half in Alaska. There were
more than twice that number living in the rest of the continent two centuries
ago, but by 1975 these had been reduced to fewer than 1,000, and listed as a
threatened species. However, numbers in some areas appear to have stabilized
and may be rebounding slightly, bringing the total to about 1,100.

B. Apart from
not being killed, the bears’ main requirements are lots of room and lots of
food. Their diet is very varied and they devour almost any source of nutrition,
as they have to live on stored-up body fat for nearly half a year while
hibernating in a den. So they are not fussy eaters. Salmon, which they catch
with great skill in roaring rivers, is a favorite, but grizzlies also eat elk
and other deer, hornet larva, roots and bulbs, gophers, horses and horse
fodder, and even dams dug up on beaches.

C. Over the
winter, a large grizzly can lose 150 pounds, which needs to be replaced. Size
and body fat affect how many cubs a female produces. For males, getting big
means competing more successfully for mates. Observers have calculated that a
grizzly can eat 2,500 moths an hour, and 48,000 a day. A month of such steady
feasting could fulfill nearly half a bear’s energy requirements for a year.

D. Although
hunting decimated the grizzly population in the past, sharp curbs have been put
on both commercial and sport hunting in North America’s wilderness areas. A
bigger problem for the grizzlies is the restriction of their habitats by road
building, both highways and logging roads in forests. A female grizzly will
roam in an area 50 to 300 square miles, while a male grizzly can forage in
territory of up to 1,000 square miles. The bears will seldom cross a highway,
no matter how unfrequented, and so local governments have erected special
“wildlife overpasses” to encourage them to continue their normal wanderings.

E. Grizzlies
perform a useful service for the well-being of the ecological environment,
according to scientists. As they dig in the ground, their claws turn over the
soil, releasing scarce nitrogen and allowing wild seeds to lodge. Vegetation
such as glacier lilies grow better and produces more seeds in swaths dug by
bears. The bears, too, can eat and spread seeds from as many as 70,000 berries
a day. In the coastal forests of the west coasts of the U. S. and Canada, where
the rivers are rich in salmon, it is grizzlies which make possible the growth
of what ecologists call “salmon trees”. As the fish fight their way upstream,
transporting tons of nutrients harvest from the oceans, grizzlies carry that
bounty across the forest floor in the form of urine, feces and left-over fish
carcasses. These nutrients, together with the nitrogen that the grizzlies
scratch up from the soil, enable the “salmon trees” to grow 60 percent faster.
Over the centuries, grizzlies have thus helped to produce the temperate rain
forests with giant conifers, able to produce more bio-mass per acre than
tropical rain forests.

F. To solve the
problem of shrinking grizzly populations, wildlife managers are beginning to
look beyond the traditional borders of the national parks. The Yellowstone to
Yukon (Y2Y) Conservation Initiative is a joint effort by more than 200 U. S.
and Canadian organizations. It aims to connect all the wild areas along the
Rocky Mountains chain. Indeed, some scientists think that the long-term
survival of isolated grizzly populations may well depend on the creation of
such linkage zones, narrow strips of bear-friendly habitats that would restore
connections between these endangered animals, in North America.

Questions 61-64

Instructions: This passage has six paragraphs A-F.
Which paragraph contains the given information in each question. Write the
appropriate letter A-F that matches each of the given questions on your Answer
Sheet. There are more paragraphs than summaries, so you will not include them
all.

61 U.S.A. and Canadian efforts may ensure
the survival of the grizzlies.

62 The present situation of the grizzly population.

63 The grizzlies are an important
component of the ecosystem.

64 Grizzlies eat a wide range of foods.

【答案与解析】

61F  从文章F段中的“The
Yellowstone to Yukon (Y2Y) Conservation Initiative is a joint effort by more
than 200 U. S. and Canadian organizations.”得出答案。

62A  根据A段内容，主要讲了灰熊现存数目，以及曾经的数目。

63E  根据E段中“Grizzlies
perform a useful service for the well-being of the ecological environment,
according to scientists.”可得出答案。

64B  B段最后“grizzlies also eat elk and other deer, hornet larva, roots and
bulbs, gophers, horses and horse fodder, and even dams dug up on beaches.”显示出了灰熊吃的食物种类非常多。

Questions 65-69

Instructions: Choose the
best option to complete each of the following statements. Remember to write your
choice on the Answer Sheet.

65 Most grizzlies live in _____ .

A. the Northern
Hemisphere

B. Ursus Arctos

C. Alaska

D. North
America

66 To help solve the problem of encroachment on grizzlies’ habitats, _____ .

A. curbs have
been put on hunting

B. “wildlife
overpasses” have been erected

C. roads are no
longer built in forests

D. highways are
more frequented

67 Grizzlies eat whatever nutrition they
can find because ______.

A. they are not
fuzzy eaters and they like to eat everything

B. they
particularly like salmon but they can also take other foods

C. they only
need to eat steadily for a month

D. they have to
live on stored-up body fat for nearly half a year

68 Grizzlies assist the growth of
vegetation by _______.

A. spreading
seeds

B. catching
salmon

C. eating moths

D. breaking the
tall trees

69 The function of the linkage zones is to_______.

A. promote
Canada-U.S.A. cooperation

B. expand the
area of Yellowstone National Park

C. restore
connections between grizzly habitats

D. expand the
horizons of wildlife managers

【答案与解析】

65D  根据文章第1段第一句话“Grizzly
bears (Ursus Arctos) are distributed around the Northern Hemisphere, but their
major habitat is North America.”可知灰熊主要栖息地是北美。此题选D。

66B  根据第4段最后一句话“The
bears will seldom cross a highway, no matter how unfrequented, and so local
governments have erected special ‘wildlife overpasses’ to encourage them to
continue their normal wanderings.”可知政府建立“wildlife overpasses”来解决灰熊栖息地的问题，故此题选B。A选项所说内容是解决灰熊数目减少的方法之一，不符合题意。C，D是对第4段的错误理解，故不选。

67D  根据第2段第二句话“Their
diet is very varied and they devour almost any source of nutrition, as they
have to live on stored-up body fat for nearly half a year while hibernating in
a den.”可知此题选D。

68A  第5段中间部分“The
bears, too, can eat and spread seeds from as many as 70,000 berries a day.”可知灰熊会帮助种子的传播，所以A正确。BC选项为灰熊会做的事情但是与帮助植物发展无关。D选项未提及，不选。

69C  根据最后一段最后一句“Indeed, some scientists think that the long-term survival of
isolated grizzly populations may well depend on the creation of such linkage
zones, narrow strips of bear-friendly habitats that would restore connections
between these endangered animals, in North America.”可知此题选C。

Questions 70-73

Instructions: Complete each of the following statements
using a word or phrase from the box below. There are more words and phrases
given, so you will not use them all. Remember to write your choice on the
Answer Sheet.

70 By 1975, the grizzly had become ______.

71 Size and body fat can determine the
number of ______.

72 Trees fertilized by fish remains are
called ______.

73 Y2Y will follow the ______.

【答案与解析】

70 fewer than 1,000

（根据文章第1段第三句话“but
by 1975 these had been reduced to fewer than 1,000”可知此题答案。）

71 cubs

（从第3段第二句话“Size
and body fat affect how many cubs a female produces.”可知体型和身体脂肪会影响雌性产下多少只幼崽。）

72 salmon trees

（从文章第五段“it is grizzlies which make possible the growth of what ecologists
call ‘salmon trees’.”可知这种树叫做“salmon trees”。）

73 Rocky Mountains

（根据最后1段第三句话“It
aims to connect all the wild areas along the Rocky Mountains chain.”可知这个保护区是沿着落基山脉的。）

A Web World Language?

A  The concept
of a common language to ease communication worldwide is not a new one, but
recently it has been given fresh urgency by the spread of the Internet.
Currently, Internet users are still divided into language compartments, i.e.,
English speakers read English messages, French speakers read French messages,
and so on. Translation of
information from one language into another takes just as long as it always did.
But now an idea for solving this problem by utilizing the unique features of
the Western and Chinese written languages has been proposed.

B  Most Western written languages are based on phonetic
alphabets, whereas Chinese writing is based on pictograms. The Roman alphabet,
for instance, has 26 letters representing 26 different sounds, where written
Chinese has thousands of pictograms, each representing a different word. One
advantage of the Chinese method is that the pictogram represents the meaning,
not the sound. This makes the written language more flexible than the spoken
language, and able to represent many more concepts. However, this large number
of different symbols makes learning the script a mammoth task, and it is
difficult to use with keyboards. Phonetic alphabets, on the other hand, have
few symbols, making them easy to learn, and they are suited to keyboard
transmission. The main drawback is that only a speaker of the language can read
writing in that language, whereas the pictorial approach allows any language to
be written and read with a universal set of symbols.

C  However, the two ideas may be able to be combined in such a way as
to provide the benefits of both with the disadvantages of neither. The large
number of different symbols of the pictographic system can be reduced by
creating a small set of basic semantic units which can be combined to make
words, in the same way that the sounds of all words in a language can be
represented by a small number of simple sound units called letters.

D  It may be possible to represent all meanings by the appropriate
choice of basic semantic concept units which could be called sembols (semantic
symbols), the decomposition of words in a language into units of meaning rather
than sound. An alphabet of basic meaning units could be created. This semantic
alphabet would be used to write all words of any language in a common manner
easy for computer programs to “understand”. The idea can be taken further: A
language can be created based on words composed from such semantic units in new
ways. New words can evolve as required, by creative composition from the basic
units. Any human language would be understandable if written by this method.

E  First of all, 200 or so basic semantic units would be chosen. In
order to make the language pronounceable as well as writable, each semantic
unit would be assigned a phoneme, or unit of sound, such as “ba”. Each phoneme
would be associated with one and only one meaning. It would then be assigned a
particular sembol. Words could then be assembled into sentences. For example,
the following basic phonemes: tu(utility), su(surface), bu (above), gra
(ground), could be used to form the word tusubugra (utility surface above
ground) meaning table. This system would work with current printing and
computer technology as it uses the Roman alphabet.

F  The basic sembol-set would then be assembled inside the computer in
such a way as to allow programs to understand the words represented by the
sembol-set. The computer can be given access to a translation dictionary, which
will allow it to translate words in, say, English into sembology. The computer
can then reach a level of understanding where it can expand its own knowledge
by translating and then understanding any text, such as books, newspaper
articles, etc.

G  The truly revolutionary potential for this new language lies
in the fact that computers using it will be able to represent and communicate
knowledge arrived at by this process to one another, forming a common expanding
database. Such a system would end up being highly intelligent. By recording
probabilities of association of different concepts and events, it could perhaps
predict and suggest new lines of research, new hitherto unknown associations,
etc. It could also provide a reference database of human knowledge, in a form
amenable to various methods of automated processing.

Questions 74-80

Instructions: This
passage has seven paragraphs A-G. In which paragraph can you find the following
information? Any letter of the paragraph can be used more than once. Remember
to write your choice on the Answer Sheet.

74 The Chinese written language is more
flexible and representative.

75 The principles of symbolic and
pictographic writing can be combined advantageously.

76 Computers may take over the development
process of the new language.

77 The language barrier still exists for
users of the Web.

78 It is possible to represent the words
of all the languages in computer form.

79 The alphabet of the new language will
not be based on phonetics.

80 The technology of translation from one
language to another has not yet improved much.

【答案与解析】

74B  文章B段的中部“This
makes the written language more flexible than the spoken language, and able to
represent many more concepts.”可知中文的书写更加灵活，能代表更多的概念。

75C  根据C段第一句话“However,
the two ideas may be able to be combined in such a way as to provide the
benefits of both with the disadvantages of neither.”以及C段的内容可知这两种语言的优点可以相结合。

76F  从第6段最后一句“The
computer can then reach a level of understanding where it can expand its own
knowledge by translating and then understanding any text, such as books,
newspaper articles, etc.”可知电脑可以达到一个理解的水平，它可以通过翻译扩大自己的知识，然后理解任何文本，如书籍，报纸文章等。由此说明电脑自己就可以接管这种新语言的发展。

77A  由A段第二句话“Currently,
Internet users are still divided into language compartments”可知网络上语言的障碍还存在。

78D  根据D段第一句话“It
may be possible to represent all meanings by the appropriate choice of basic
semantic concept units”以及后面的让电脑运行这种系统可知此句话出自D段。

79B  从B段的倒数第三句话“However, this large number of different symbols makes learning the
script a mammoth task, and it is difficult to use with keyboards.”可知象形文字过于复杂不能用在新的语言中。故此句源于B段。

80A  根据A段倒数第二句话“Translation of information from one language into another takes just
as long as it always did.”可知语言之间的相互翻译还没有什么进展。

V. Writing (50 points)

Instructions: Confucius
said, “I examine myself three times a day.” But modem
people seem to be so occupied with their work that they have no time for
self-reflection. A philosopher once warned that “An unexamined life is not
worth living.” Write an article of some 500 words on this topic either in favor
of the warning or not in favor of it. Remember to write your article on the
Answer Sheet.

【参考译文】

An Unexamined Life Is Not Worth Living

I totally agree
with this warning. As far as I am concerned, I believe Happiness is connected
with self-reflection. Happiness does not drop from the sky; it’s to be created
by our own hands. Just as Socrates, a great philosopher and ideologist said “The
unexamined life is not worth living”. If we do not examine our everyday life,
we shall never know the true meaning of happiness. All things in their being
are good for something, as temporary university students, we must create a
bright future for ourselves and by ourselves. Most importantly we should make
our lives meaningful and contribute to our country. Self-reflection in our life
is like a way to set a goal for life. Living without an aim is like sailing without
a compass; accordingly, an unexamined life is not worth living.

Goals determine what
we are going to be. Self-examination determines what goal we should set. For
one thing, idiographic goals, which are like lighthouses on the sea and lead
voyages of people’s life, print out the specific destinations for us. A man,
who has no lofty ideals, is the same as a blind man riding a blind horse, and
racing around without purpose. For another, idiographic goals are the powers
that stimulate people’s lives to go forward with achievements. Goals make
people not content with the status quo, and inspire people to strive towards
their future. As everyone knows goal is the hope that helps a man who is
discouraged to match for the impulse of victory. In addition, goals encourage
people to overcome the difficulties, and strive to achieve the bright side.
Where there is no goal, there is no power, especially for the youth and the
same to a society. Only holding specific aims will we have motive to make great
progress.

Generally
speaking, man is the master of his fate. Happiness does not drop from the sky;
we must create it for ourselves and most importantly by ourselves. Living in
the 21^st century, after self-reflection, we need to continue thinking
more about how to develop our country at the ground of increasing trend of
globalization. Either for a person or a nation, examining themselves is an
essential quality. Zengzi, a Chinese ancient great sophist and educator, once
said “cultivate moral character, and then you could cultivate your family,
administrate the country, and bring peace all over the world” Therefore we must
promote ourselves firstly through regular examination and then make
contribution to our country. Obviously, we will encounter no fewer difficulties
and problems during the process, but we are confident in our ability to
overcome them and arrive at our set goal triumphantly.

A strong man
will struggle with the storms of fate, said by Thomas Addison. As some
well-known saying, “great virtues have a huge capacity to contain things” and “to
tolerate is a sign of greatness”. Only by examining ourselves and taking
actions can we live a meaningful and significant life and escape from the life
not worth living.

【解析】

An unexamined
life is not worth living的字面意思是，没有考验的生活是不值得过的。也就是说，无波无澜的生活纵然是一帆风顺，但它也意味着没有挑战、没有激情，而真正有价值的生活往往是波澜起伏、充满挑战的，这才彰显出了生命的意义。所以说人要为自己的生活定下目标，并努力向这个目标冲刺，这样才能活出精彩的一生。这份作文还有一个要点是要明确表达出自己对于这句话的认同或者不认同，写在文章中，切忌模棱两可的态度。

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