天津外国语大学701基础英语＋汉语考研真题及辅导用书

考研真题

1. 天津外国语大学《701（基础英语＋汉语）》历年考研真题

2. 全国名校中国文学史考研真题

3. 全国名校基础英语考研真题

考研指导书

1. 袁行霈《中国文学史》（第3版）笔记和考研真题（修订版）

2. 袁行霈《中国文学史》（第3版）配套题库【考研真题精选＋章节题库】

天津外国语大学《701（基础英语＋汉语）》历年考研真题AI讲解

书籍目录

部分内容

2006年天津外国语大学701（基础英语＋汉语）YZ真题及详解

I. Choose the one answer
that best completes the sentence. Write your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (20
points)

1 The New Historicists in America and
their _____ in Britain, the “Cultural Materialists”, have produced a
substantial body of work on Renaissance literature and society.

A. counterparts

B. dichotomies

C. allegiances

D. antagonists

【答案】A

【解析】句意：美国新历史主义者和英国文化唯物论者在文艺复兴时期的文学和社会方面，著述颇丰。counterpart双方相应的、有相同功能的人或物。dichotomy二分法，分裂。allegiance忠贞，效忠。antagonist敌手，对手。

2 For _____, it was a painful time: They had to quit using drugs
because they could not get any. It was not easy to make them see the harm of
drug abuse.

A. drug
traffickers

B. addicts

C. dependents

D. money
launderers

【答案】B

【解析】句意：对瘾君子来说，因得不到任何毒品，不得不停止吸毒是很痛苦的：addict上瘾的人。trafficker干非法勾当者。dependent依赖别人、尤指经济援助的人。money launderer非法洗钱者。

3 People were confused when Howard Dean, the _____ of the Donkey
tried to sell his plan which sounded so much Republican.

A. pastor

B. public
servant

C. liaison

D. archbishop

【答案】B

【解析】句意：民主党官员霍华德·迪恩宣扬的计划带有浓厚的共和党色彩，人们因此感到困惑。Donkey在美国象征民主党。public servant公务员。pastor牧师。liaison联络，私通。archbishop大主教，主教长。

4 When the resort could not get the lift working again, ski
patrollers rescued the stranded passengers by traversing the cable using rescue
equipment in a _____ one witness likened to something out of a James Bond
movie.

A. scene

B. feat

C. hone

D. phantom

【答案】A

【解析】句意：滑雪巡逻队借助营救设施穿越缆绳，营救陷入困境的乘客。营救场面可以和007电影中的场面相比。scene场面，情景。feat技艺，功绩。hone磨刀石，油石。phantom幻影，幽灵。James Bond，007系列电影中的主角。

5 Koizumi chose to _____ Sino-Japanese relations so as to create
domestic conditions for the diplomacy overhaul.

A. aggregate

B. please

C. acerbate

D. alleviate

【答案】D

【解析】句意：日本首相小泉决定缓和中日关系，为外交改革创造国内环境。alleviate减轻，缓和。aggregate聚集，集合。please使喜欢，取悦。exacerbate恶化，激怒，使加剧，使烦恼。

6 There is no evidence that properly cooked poultry or eggs can be
_____.

A. a source of
infection

B. poisonous to
life

C. located as
harmful

D. determined
contagious

【答案】A

【解析】句意：没有证据证明煮熟的家禽或禽蛋会是传染源。a source of infection传染源。病毒才关乎有害或传染，家禽或禽蛋只关乎传染源。因此，B、C、D三项放在这里句意不对。

7 Seven-eight years old Wilson lost his life when approaching a
whirlpool formed by the flooding of water and sewage in Havana, Cuba, after the
devastating _____ of Hurricane Wilma.

A. passage

B. round

C. route

D. assault

【答案】D

【解析】句意：飓风维尔玛横扫古巴哈瓦那后，78岁的老威尔逊在靠近一个洪水和污水形成的漩涡时丧命。assault攻击，袭击。passage通道。round巡回，轮唱。route路线。

8 Voices of the media, especially of the
mainstream media, have represented the common perspective of society’s elite,
but few analyses have gone deep into the problem and the repeated stresses on
self-examination turn out _____.

A. to be
stereotypes

B. to be a wail

C. to be
nonsense

D. to be clichés

【答案】A

【解析】句意：媒体尤其是主流媒体的声音，代表的是社会精英阶层的普遍观点。但很少有人深入分析这个问题，对自我反省的反复强调变成了一种陈词滥调。cliché陈腐的词语或主意。stereotype形象、人物、思想等模式化，无个性。wail悲叹，哀号。nonsense胡说，废话。

9 They have long maintained that any
solution to the current problems in the Middle East should be based on the
demands and aspiration of local people and it is unreasonable to _____ any
program unacceptable to regional countries.

A. advert

B. reverse

C. impose

D. veto

【答案】C

【解析】句意：他们长期主张基于当地人的要求和愿望解决中东当前问题。企图将该地区国家不能接受的行为强加给它们，是不理智的。impose强迫（某人）接受，强加。advert注意，留意。reverse颠倒，倒转。veto否决，禁止。

10 As part of the extensive revamping
in preparation for the 2008 summer Olympics, a total of six World Cultural
Heritage sites will get a _____, to restore their ancient luster.

A. plastic
surgery

B. facelift

C. reshaping

D. facilitation

【答案】B

【解析】句意：作为为2008年奥运会而进行大翻修的一部分，六处世界文化遗址将进行整修，以重新焕发古老魅力。facelift翻新，整修。plastic surgery整形手术，尤指通过组织移植的外科学对身体重塑或修补。reshape改造，再成形。facilitation简易化，助长。

11 The _____ nationalism is nationalism without brakes: in the name
of loving the country, its demands are unrestrained, devoid of any kind of
universalistic considerations.

A. invidious

B. sheer

C. trivial

D. impeding

【答案】A

【解析】句意：招人怨尤的民族主义没有任何顾忌：它打着爱国旗号，无限制地提出要求，不考虑任何普遍观点。invidious易招怨恨的，引起不满的。sheer全然，纯粹。trivial微不足道的。impeding妨碍的，阻止的。

12 Language anxiety is _____ occurring when a learner is expected
to perform in the second or foreign language.

A. comprehension

B. apprehension

C. tranquility

D. nonchalance

【答案】B

【解析】句意：语言焦虑是指学习者用第二语言表现自己时的忧虑。apprehension担心，忧虑。comprehension理解，包含。tranquility宁静。nonchalance冷漠，不关心。

13 His interest in _____ activities took him to islands in the
Bahamas and to icy mountain streams.

A. physical

B. intellectual

C. dexterous

D. piscatorial

【答案】D

【解析】句意：对捕鱼的着迷促使他前去巴哈马群岛和冰山河流。piscatorial捕鱼的，渔民的。physical身体的，物理的。intellectual智力的。dexterous灵巧的，惯用右手的。

14 Liu’s antics eventually brought _____ to _____ that astonished
the whole nation.

A. a rumor,
allegiance

B. the murder,
affirmation

C. a fraud
case, light

D. the stage,
wonderland

【答案】C

【解析】句意：刘的荒唐行径最终使一项震惊全国的诈骗案被告破。bring to light揭示，揭露。

15 A red tide of _____ algae was found for the first time in Bohai,
China’s inland sea, on June 11. It has proved to be the most serious _____ yet
discovered in the country.

A. devouring,
contamination

B. toxic,
occurrence

C. malicious,
red tide

D. relinquish,
catastrophe

【答案】B

【解析】句意：6月11日，中国内海渤海第一次发现带有有毒藻类的赤潮。这是目前国内发现的最严重的赤潮现象。toxic有毒的，中毒的。occurrence发生，事件。devour吞没，毁灭，狼吞虎咽。contamination污染物。malicious恶毒的。relinquish放弃。catastrophe大灾难。

16 Russia’s environmental watchdog said the _____ could reach the
first Russian _____ in the next two to three days, while the Emergencies
Ministry said it could start affecting the major city of Khabarovsk by December
10-12.

A. earthquake,
village

B. flood,
victims

C. mud-slide,
frontiers

D. spill,
settlements

【答案】D

【解析】句意：俄罗斯环境监管部门称，水流在未来两三天内能到达俄罗斯境内的居民点。俄罗斯紧急情况部则称，在12月10至12日前，水流将开始影响俄罗斯主要城市哈巴罗夫斯克。spill溢出，溅出，水流。settlement定居点。

17 Beijing has tried to _____ on unsafe
conditions nationwide, but authorities say local officials leave many _____
mines open in order to raise profit.

A. crack down, questionable

B. harness,
small

C. close,
dangerous

D. issue
policies, private

【答案】A

【解析】句意：中央在全国范围内严厉取缔不符合安全条件的煤矿，但领导称，地方官员为了盈利，留下了很多问题煤矿。crack down on sth.严厉取缔……。questionable有问题的，靠不住的。

18 In China, tea is drunk not only as a _____ to keep colds and
coughs away in winter, but also as a _____ providing _____ for the body in dry,
hot weather.

A. medicine,
tenderizer, lubrication

B. remedy, tonic,
energy

C. antibiotic,
brewer, lubrication

D. way,
soother, energy

【答案】B

【解析】句意：茶不仅可以作为在冬天用来抵御感冒咳嗽的药物，还可以作为在燥热天气为身体提供能量的一种滋补品。remedy 药物，治疗。tonic滋补品。tenderizer使肉软嫩之物质。lubrication润滑油。antibiotic抗生素。brewer泡制用具。

19 A national campaign has been _____
recently to raise the moral standards of the younger generation, but we have
failed to _____ to improving their parents’ manners.

A. spotted,
place necessary emphasis

B. launched,
attach equal importance

C. witnessed,
value the significance

D. discovered,
look into the issue

【答案】B

【解析】句意：为提高下一代的道德水平，最近发起一项全国运动。但我们未能同等重视父辈品德的提高。固定搭配launch a campaign，发起运动。attach importance to重视。

20 According to industry analysts, the
stipulation which requires that all land used for construction must be
auctioned will both _____ illegal land exchange and _____ those developers not
cut out for the _____ reality of real estate.

A. deter, weed
out, cut-throat

B. punish,
warn, severe

C. wipe out,
hinder, prominent

D. stunt,
impede, exorbitant

【答案】A

【解析】句意：根据行业分析专家的分析，所有建筑用地都必须进行拍卖这一规定，将会防止非法土地交易，并将那些没有相当素质的开发商从过热的房地产开发中淘汰掉。deter（使）决定不做某事。weed out淘汰，剔除。cut-throat危险的，残酷的。

II. Read carefully
the following passage (which for your convenience has been divided into three
sections) and then answer the questions. (20 points)

[A] There are
three factors of awe-inspiring magnitude facing those who seek adventure among
the highest peaks. They are this matter of vertical scale, the climatic
conditions and the climbing difficulties. Let us look at altitude first.

The rarefied air
surrounding the upper part of Everest obviously makes movement, even over easy
ground, much more difficult. Lack of oxygen also slows down and blurs the
menial processes. Beyond a certain point life itself is no longer possible. On
the other hand, it is now sufficiently established that the ill-effects of altitude
on the climber may at least be retarded by a careful regimen of what we call
acclimatization, a gradual getting used to increasing height over a certain
period of time. Individual performances on a mountain naturally vary, but it
may be said that those among us who are best adapted to climb high mountains, provided
they follow this policy of gradualness, can reach an altitude of at least 21
000 feet and remain there without serious detriment—at any rate long enough to
make a supreme final effort to reach a higher point, provided it is not too far
above.

Trouble begins
above that height, which is one main reason why the really high peaks-those of
26000 feet and over-are in a different category of difficulty from any lesser
ones. The policy of gradualness breaks down, for the muscle tissues begin to deteriorate
fairly rapidly and the climber’s resistance to cold, his fortitude in the face
of wind and weather, are weakened. He tends to lose the promptings of appetite
and thirst and he is denied the relaxation of normal sleep. In fact, from about
21000 feet on-wards, he really needs greatly to speed up the rate of his
progress and employ ‘rush’ tactics.

But this he
cannot do. On the contrary, he is increasingly handicapped by the height as he
climbs and his progress becomes painfully slow; the mental effort, like the
physical, is infinitely greater. If this is true of easy ground, it is the more
so when difficulties arise, even minor ones which would not deter a moderate
performer at a lower height. A slight change of gradient may be a straw which
will break the camel’s back. Considering that Everest is over 29 000 feet and
that some 8000 feet have to be climbed above this established level of
successful acclimatization, one aspect of our problem becomes clear. It would
be very desirable, in order to minimize the factor of physical deterioration, to
climb those 8000 feet in a day, or at most two; but this is clearly quite out
of the question. For so slowly does the climber move by his own unaided
efforts, that four or five days would be required to get up, quite apart from
the subsequent descent, and by about the fourth day at the latest, he would
already be so weakened mentally as well as physically, that he would be
unlikely to have the strength or the determination for the last lap—just when
he needs it most. This is what had happened before at about the 28000-foot
level.

[B] But the
problem is much more complex than this. These days above 21 000 feet involve
the establishment of a number of high camps, and these in turn represent tents,
sleeping-bags, mattresses, food, cooking equipment and fuel, as well as
climbing gear. All this must be carried up, and because of the need to provide
even a modicum of comfort and—more important—protection against the cold, some
of this baggage is inevitably fairly heavy. The loads would be far beyond the
capacity of those destined to climb to the top, who should be spared as much as
possible for this mission; the loads must be carried up by others in a
supporting role. Moreover, in order to keep the size and stocks of these high camps
to a minimum, the baggage parties must be staggered in time; the loads must be
shifted upwards over a period of days. This period in turn is likely to be protracted
because the amount any man can carry at high altitude is so small.

And in the final
stages particularly, the saving of time is vital, not only because of physical
deterioration but also because of another factor, the most important of
all—weather.

[C] On all but
the smallest mountains, or those on which no serious difficulties are met, the
weather obviously plays a big part in mountaineering plans. It imposes a
serious handicap on the climber’s ability to negotiate difficult ground; it
slows his progress and exposes him to cold and wind. He may lose his way and
stray on to even more difficult territory, and he may become benighted. The
periods when weather conditions may be fair enough to permit a serious attempt
on the summit of Everest are not only brief and few in any one year; they
appear to be rare as assessed over a number of years. Throughout the winter, from
November to March, a fierce gale blows fairly constantly from the north-west.
It is strong—wind speeds of at least seventy to eighty knots are probable—and
it is desperately cold. It scours the northern flanks of the range and deposits
snow on the southern faces; and snow thus overlaid on the existing layer is usually
unstable and dangerous, for it is apt to peel off in avalanches.

In the early
summer a countering element comes up from the southeast in the form of the monsoon.
This warm, damp wind from the Bay of Bengal deposits heavy snow on the higher
flanks of the mountain barrier; it is particularly intense in the southeast part
of the Himalaya, on which it unleashes its force boon after reaching the head
of the Bay, and it is in this area that Everest is situated. Monsoon conditions
normally continue to prevail in this region until towards the end of September.
Some climbing may be done during this period, but the difficulty of climbing
all high peaks, particularly in the southeast Himalaya, is greatly increased by
the handicaps and dangers of the deep new snow. The chance to get up Everest is
probably limited to the gap, or lull, between the departure of the one Fury and
the onset of the other; these lulls may occur in May and early October, that
is, just before the monsoon sets in, and when it dies away. These two factors,
the altitude and the weather, tend separately and together to defeat the
climber. The height weakens, slows him down; it forces him to spend days and
nights in the course of his assault on the summit; the weather, besides adding
to the demands on his energy and moral fortitude, conspires to deny him the
time he needs to complete his mission. Whereas in lower mountains and on easy
ground the weather may be no more than a handicap, in the high Himalaya it is
decisive, regardless of terrain.

The deduction to
be drawn from these two factors was clear enough. We must either so fortify
ourselves that we could continue, without detriment, to live and have our being
above the limit of natural acclimatization, or, better still, we must solve the
problem of speed. It was desirable, in fact, that we should meet both these
requirements and thus give to those chosen to attempt the summit and to their
supports some measure of insurance against the vagaries of the weather, for
safety in mountain climbing is as much a matter of swiftness as of sureness of
foot. Either or both could be achieved only by the administration of oxygen in
sufficient quantities to make up for the deficiency in the air, and for the
duration of the upward journey above the limit of successful acclimatization.

After reading each of the following questions, choose the
one correct answer, and indicate it by writing down the letter that stands for
it. In all questions only one answer is correct. This is stressed in some
questions, but remember that the rule applies to all of them.

From Section A

1 Most readers will be surprised to read
that_____.

A. ‘easy ground’
exists at all on the upper part of Everest

B. lack of
oxygen ‘slows down’ thinking

C. ‘beyond a
certain point life itself is no longer possible’

D. ‘individual
performances on the mountain…vary’

E. ‘trouble
begins’ above 21000 feet

2 ‘Retarded’ means_____.

A. prevented

B. slowed down

C. reduced

D. held back

E. halted

3 The main purpose of the first paragraph is to_____.

A. rouse
interest in the reader

B. summarize the
main points of the following paragraphs

C. ask questions
that later paragraphs will answer

D. stress the
one most important difficulty in climbing Everest

E. praise the
achievement of those who climbed Everest

4 The main idea of the second paragraph is that the rarefied air_____.

A. makes
climbing at this height very difficult

B. handicaps
climbers, though they can be gradually accustomed to heights up to 21000 feet

C. affects
climbers’ minds as well as their bodies

D. has very
different effects on different people

E. prevents
severe physical effort by mountaineers

5 You may not know the word ‘regimen’, but you should be able to
deduce that it means_____.

A. programme of
exercises

B. approach to
the problem

C. prescribed
way of life

D. control over
one’s habits

E. planning of
one’s diet

6 ‘Detriment’ means _____.

A. decline

B. weakening

C. harm

D. hardship

E. degeneration

7 Which ONE of the following remarks about comparisons is not
true?

A. in 5-7 the
effect of rarefied air is compared to vision becoming indistinct

B. in 25 the
effect of wanting food is compared to the arrangement for reminding an actor
who forgets his words

C. in 30 the effect of height on a climber is compared to the system
by which a particular racehorse carries more weight

D. in 33 certain
types of difficulties are compared to certain keys in music

E. in 35 a
slight extra problem is compared to the last small addition which makes a
camel’s load too heavy

8 The main idea of the third paragraph is that_____.

A. the peaks
above 26000 feet are much harder to climb than peaks a little lower

B. there are
several reasons why the very high peaks are so difficult to climb

C. the
difficulties from high winds and bitter weather increase

D. small changes
of gradient may cause major problems

E. above 21 000
feet slow acclimatization does not work

9 The main idea of the fourth paragraph is that a climber_____.

A. has no lime
to reach the peak of Everest before deterioration sets in

B. is physically
incapable of dealing with unexpected problems

C. wishes he
could climb the last 8000 feet of Everest very quickly

D. needs to
summon up his resolution for a final effort

E. ought to
climb the last 8000 feet in a day or two

10 The main reason why the last 8000 feet cannot be climbed quickly
is that_____.

A. the slopes
become steeper towards the top

B. a climber
needs to leave considerable energy for the descent

C. climbers who
attempted Everest in the past lacked resolution

D. the rarefied
air slows down climbers physically

E. several
previous climbers have successfully reached a point about 28 000 feet up

11 ‘Established’ means_____.

A. agreed

B. accepted

C. demonstrated

D. believed

E. proved

12 “Fortitude” means_____.

A. perseverance

B. endurance

C. luck

D. courage

E. survival

【答案与解析】

1 E  根据第二段，个人登山时的适应能力不同，但如果按照policy of gradualness即逐步适应的方式，都能在without serious detriment即不受严重损害的情况下，到达至少21000 英尺的高度。

2 C  retard延迟，阻碍。文中指acclimatization可以使海拔给登山者造成的困难减小到最低程度。reduce减少，缩小。slow down（使）慢下来。hold back踌躇，阻止。halt暂停。

3 B  第一段总体介绍登山可能遇到的三个困难：海拔、气候、其他困难。下文从这些方面展开介绍。因此第一段起总括下文的作用。

4 B  第二段从两方面介绍稀薄空气：一方面使行动困难make movement…more difficult；另一方面，这种困难能通过逐渐适应法得到改善may…be retarded
by…acclimatization。

5 B  regimen养生法，规则制度。文中解决空气稀薄问题的方法。

6 A  detriment损害，伤害。文中指身体受到严重损伤。decline衰退，衰落，尤指逐渐恶化的过程。weakening弱化。harm伤害。hardship困苦，艰难。degeneration衰退，堕落。

7 B  以上句子使用的比较均不明显，答题者需要深入体会句中某个词的内在含义。比如句子（a）“Lack of oxygen also slows down and blurs the mental processes….”，blur常指视线朦胧，模糊。因此可认为，作者将the effect of rarefied air比作vision becoming indistinct。句（b）… denied the relaxation of normal sleep与arrangement for reminding an
actor who forgets his words并无可比性。

8 E  第二段介绍21000英尺以下环境适应法的作用，第三段则对21000英尺以上遇到的困难进行分析，并指出环境适应法将失去作用。

9 E  根据第四段的介绍，攀登珠穆朗玛峰到达21000英尺的海拔时，登山者必须在一至两天内爬完剩下的高度，否则在精神和体力上都将面临巨大挑战。

10 D  第三段解释说，21000英尺是难度系数的界线，因为超过此高度，The policy of gradualness breaks down即，逐步适应法将不再可行。登山者的肌肉组织将受到损坏，御寒能力会下降，面对狂风天气时的坚韧也渐渐失去。

11 E  established已制定的，确定的。文中指环境适应法已经被证实可行。proved被证实的。agreed已经过协议的。accepted公认的。demonstrate示范的。believe相信的。

12 B  fortitude坚韧，刚毅。文中指面对恶劣环境时的忍耐力。endurance忍耐力，持久力。perseverance坚定，对信仰等的坚持。

From Section B

13 The main idea of this section is that _____.

A. the baggage
must be carried up by others, not the eventual climbers

B. climbing
Everest takes a long time but must be completed before the weather worsens

C. the baggage
needed on the mountain is often heavy

D. the intense
cold creates serious problems

E. the physical
fitness of mountaineers on Everest soon deteriorates

14 “Modicum” means _____.

A. bare minimum

B. small
quantity

C. meagre
allowance

D. drop in the
ocean

E. ungenerous
supply

15 ‘Protracted’ means _____.

A. endless

B. tedious

C. lengthened

D. exaggerated

E. continuous

16 It is important to save time in the ascent of the final 8000
feet for all the following reasons with the ONE EXCEPTION that _____.

A. the climbers
will weaken if they stay over 21 000 feet for too long a period

B. the weather
is likely to deteriorate

C. baggage is
difficult to carry at this height

D. oxygen has
to be used by the climbers

E. the loads
cannot be carried by the eventual climbers

【答案与解析】

13
A  这一部分主要介绍登山队员在携带行李方面的注意事项。

14
B  a modicum of comfort指登山过程中的一点点舒适。modicum少量，一点点。

15 C  protract时间上延长或拖延。文中指每个人背负行李的时间可能会被延长。lengthen延长，（使）变长。tedious单调乏味的。Exaggerated夸大的。continuous连续的。

16 D  文中主要提到两方面原因：体力的消耗和天气的恶化。A、B、C、E四项本文都有涉及。

From Section C

17 The main idea of the first paragraph in this section is that
_____.

A. bad weather
makes it harder for the mountaineer to continue difficult climbs

B. the snow on
Everest is unusually treacherous

C. the days are
so short that the climber is often overcome by darkness unawares

D. mountaineers
need a more efficient meteorological forecast

E. for most of
the year bad weather makes Everest impossible to climb

18 The action of the wind on the north side of the Himalaya is such
that it _____.

A. clears the
mountain sides

B. attacks them

C. freezes them

D. erodes them

E. weeps them

19 ‘Countering’ means _____.

A. balancing

B. conflicting

C. opposing

D. recoiling

E. resisting

20 “Regardless of terrain” means _____.

A. being more
important than the difficulties of the slope, etc.

B. ignoring the
inhospitability of the mountain side

C. because of
steeper gradients

D. even on easy
ground

E. despite the
nature of the ground

【答案与解析】

17 E  这段首先介绍天气在登山活动中扮演的角色，然后指出，适宜登珠峰的时间很短，are rare as assessed over a number of years.

18 A  文章介绍，每年11月至3月，猛烈的西北风都会scours the northern
flanks，刮过山脉北部，到达山脉南面，并降雪。scour擦，冲刷，急速穿行。

19 C  countering对立的，相反的。文中指夏季刮东南风，和冬季的西南风向相反。opposing反向的，相反的。balancing平衡的。conflicting相冲突的。recoiling畏缩的。resisting抵抗的，反抗的。

20 D  regardless of不管，不顾。regardless of terrain意为，在喜马拉雅山海拔较高的地段，即使地形平坦，天气给登山者造成的困难也不易克服。

III. Fill in each blank with an appropriate word
to complete the following passage. Write your answer on the ANSWER SHEET. (10
points)

Plato stands
alone and unsurpassed among all writers of philosophic dialogues, before and (1) him. The Platonic philosophy both completes and extends Socratic
philosophy. Socrates had only sought the conceptual knowledge but had not
attempted to gain a whole from scientifically combined concepts. It was Plato
who first expanded the Socratic philosophy into a (2) He
was the first of the Greek philosophers who not merely knew and made use of his
predecessors, but consciously completed their principles by means of each other,
binding them all together into one higher principle, thus using the (3) achievements of other philosophers for his own system. In perfecting
ethics by natural philosophy and natural philosophy by ethics, Plato has
accomplished one of the greatest (4) creations
ever known. Though his successors, represented by Aristotle, tried to make
essential alterations in the (5) of his master, the
later systems that sought to reproduce the system of Plato were self-deceived. Plato
was able to give the progress of philosophy an impulse so powerful and so transcending
the (6) of his own system that, despite all his
scientific deficiencies, deserves the (7) honor
of forever conferring philosophic glorification on those in whom that principle
lives. Whereas Socrates confines himself to a search for concepts, the
cognition of which is for him moral (8) , Aristotle
extends induction and demonstration, purely in the interests of science, over
all the Actual, the special (9) of plato is that
moral education, intellectual teaching and the formation of concepts and their
development are internally held together and (10) by
their common aim.

【答案与解析】

1 after

（文章开头总括柏拉图在哲学上的成就：前无古人，后无来者。）

2 whole

（柏拉图将苏格拉底的哲学拓展为一个完整体系。前文“…attempted
to gain a whole”给出提示。）

3 previous

（文中指柏拉图的体系吸收了其他哲学家已取得的以前的成就。）

4 philosophical

（philosophical creations哲学上的创造。）

5 system

（make alterations in the system对体系进行改变。）

6 principle

（文中指柏拉图哲学体系对哲学发展的推动力超越了体系本身的影响。）

7 philosophy

（deserve the philosophy honor这里指柏拉图值得享受哲学荣誉。）

8 education

（苏格拉底关于观念的探讨体现在他的道德教育思想即moral education上。）

9 characteristics

（柏拉图的特点在于道德教育、智力培养、观念形成和三者的发展相结合。）

10 combined

（combine
by their common aim由它们的共同目标结合在一起。）

IV.
Paraphrase the underlined sentences. Write your answer on the ANSWER SHEET. (10
points)

1 War or no war, as the generations passed, it became
increasingly difficult for our young people to accept standards of behavior
that bore no relationship to the bustling business medium in which they were
expected to battle for success. The war acted merely as a catalytic agent
in this breakdown of Victorian social structure.

【答案】The younger generations were expected to be successful in the
bustling business world. Thus, the behavior standard which has nothing to do
with business medium became more and more unacceptable to them.

2 For the great majority of automobile
workers, the only meaning of the job is in the pay check, not anything
connected with the work or the product. Work appears as something unnatural,
a disagreeable, meaningless and stultifying condition of getting the pay check,
devoid of dignity as well as of importance.

【答案】One should go to work not just for money, but also for the dignity
and importance that work can bring forth. However, the nature of work has been
changed, no longer natural or meaningful to man.

V. Briefly explain or provide an example for each
of the following terms. Write
your answer on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)

1 alliteration

【答案】Alliteration means the repetition of the same consonant sounds or of
different vowel sounds at the beginning of words or in stressed syllables.

2 Babel Tower

【答案】Babel Tower was planned to be a heaven-reaching tower, but its construction
was interrupted when the builders became unable to understand one another’s
language.

3 paradox

【答案】Paradox is an assertion that is essentially self-contradictory,
though based on a valid deduction from acceptable premises.

4 Prometheus

【答案】Prometheus is a Titan who stole fire from Olympus and gave it to
humankind, for which Zeus chained him to a rock and sent an eagle to eat his
liver, which grew back daily.

5 Watergate

【答案】Watergate is a scandal involving abuse of power by public officials,
violation of the public trust, bribery, contempt of Congress, and attempted
obstruction of justice.

VI. There are two
sections in this part. For Section l, you are asked to translate two of the
three underlined sentences in the passage into Chinese. For Section 2, you are
asked to translate the underlined five parts in the paragraph into English.
Write your translation on the ANSWER SHEET. (20 points)

Section 1

[1]It is as
though some giant’s hand were squeezing the trunks of the trees, forcing the
sap up and along the branches, for the blossom seems to squirt into the air.

There have been
other Mays in other years, but never has there been so much blossom. The bees
are bewildered by it. A few small bush-apples which were as austere as walking
sticks when I planted them only two months ago are now in full flower, and look
like little girls just off to a carnival.

Peach, cherry,
plum and apple strain into the air; [2]all the trees in the orchard are out
together, and for once, no clumsy wind has shorn or rain washed their frail,
enameled, fine petals down into the lecherous hands of grass.

[3]What
flower is there as delicate as this flower that grows out of a gnarled old tree
with its trunk all twisted and its bark all blistered? It is a paradox.
Beauty is always a paradox.

Vocabulary

blister: a bump or swelling appears

enamel: a substance like glass that can
be heated and put onto metal, glass or pottery in order to decorate or protect
it.

Lecher: a man who is continually
thinking about sex

【参考译文】

1花朵简直就要喷到空中，仿佛有只巨人的手正挤压着树干，迫使树的汁液上升，涌向枝条。

2果园中的所有树木一起开花了。它们美丽的花瓣娇弱地泛着光泽。这一次，没有不速之风雨来吹打或洗刷这些花瓣，把它们送到树下满怀春情的青草手中。

3一棵嶙峋的老树上开着一朵花。老树的枝干已经扭曲，树皮上也长满了癣。可是还有哪朵花能如这朵花一般雅致动人呢？这真是矛盾。

Section 2

[1]西方文化以宗教本，从希腊神话到拉美神话的叙事传统，[2]人界之外还有神界的深厚资源和广阔空间，魔幻的力量诱人至深，[3]今天风靡天下的《哈利·波特》和《星球大战》，更把这一传统在高科技的参与下发挥光大。[4]中国文学中六月飞雪，梁祝化蝶，白发三千丈，倒拔垂杨柳等，是介乎浪漫与魔幻之间的想象夸张，即便偶有神幻的点缀，也用之极慎。[5]撇开佛家道家的传统不谈，中国儒家主流强于人本视角而弱于神本视角。

【参考译文】

1 Western
culture is religion-oriented.

2 There are abundant
resources and vast space in the world of divinity beyond that of human beings.

3 Harry
Potter and Star Wars, both of which are popular all over the world,
have further enhanced this tradition with the participation of high technology.

4 Summer snow
in Dou E’s Injustice and turning into butterflies in The Butterfly Lovers are a
representation of imagination and hyperbole that lie between romanticism and
magic.

5 Despite the
tradition of Buddhism and Taoism, the mainstream of Chinese Confucianism emphasizes
more on the human-oriented perspective than the divinity-oriented one.

VII. Please write in English an essay of
approximately 300 words on one of the titles given below on the ANSWER
SHEET. (20 points)

1 The Role of Learner’s Native Language in
his/her Learning Process of English as a Foreign Language

2 The Role of Dictionaries in the Learning
Process of English as a Foreign Language

【参考范文】

The Role of Dictionaries in the Learning Process of English
as a Foreign Language

For those who
learn English as a foreign language, dictionary is indispensable. It is one of
the most important tools in learning process. It functions as a reliable
friend, whom one can turn to for help when coming across difficulties in
language learning.

For beginners of
English learning, dictionary is a short cut for them to get a general idea of a
new word, such as pronunciation, spelling and meaning. After being familiar
with these basic elements of a word, they begin to learn its collocations,
phrases, expressions and grammatical rules which it needs to conform to. In
this way, a learner’s vocabulary can be gradually enlarged and finally be
applied to daily use.

However, the
role dictionary plays in language learning is far beyond the mere accumulation
of words and expressions. It can also function as an encyclopedia of the culture
in English-speaking countries and a mirror reflecting the difference between
native language and foreign language. There are many types of dictionaries,
such as English-English dictionary, English-Chinese dictionary, Chinese-English
dictionary; etc. From these dictionaries, learners can get to know ways of
thinking and ways of interpretation of people in the English world. Apart from
new concepts, learners can also encounter new plants, new animals as well as
new cultural phenomena. They can also do comparison between native and foreign
languages. In this way, learners’ understanding of not only a totally new
language but also a new world may be greatly deepened.

In spite of its
important role in language and culture learning, dictionary does have some limitations.
For sake of convenience, it’s impossible for most dictionaries to provide
detailed definition of a word or expression. Further, it’s difficult for a
dictionary to get updated immediately after a new expression is coined. Thus,
for those learners who totally rely on dictionary to learn a foreign language,
their comprehension may be narrowed.

In a word,
dictionary is a window for learners to get a glimpse of the foreign world. But
to make the best of it, learners must go far beyond it to real usage of a
language.

汉语部分

注意：英语教育和英语翻译方向的考生答一、四、五题，其他专业方向的考生答一、二、三、四题。

一、填空题（每空1分，共10分）

1《诗经》中的诗歌创作年代是从______至春秋中叶。

2．战国散文按其内容可分为两大类：一类是______；一类是先秦______。

3．南朝出现了文学批评史上罕有其匹的巨著《______》。

4．魏晋南北朝诗歌______时期的创作最为辉煌，其代表作家是三曹，即______、______、______和女诗人______。

5．“楼般夜瓜洲渡，”是陆游《______》中的名句。

二、单项选择题(在每小题的备选答案中选出一个正确答案，每题1分，共10分)

1以语录体形式记述的先秦诸子著作是（　　）。

A．老子

B．论语

C．孟子

D．荀子

2按照班固的解释，“离骚”的意思就是（　　）。

A．遭受忧患

B．离别的忧愁

C．发牢骚

D．被离间骚扰

3“建安”这一年号属于（　　）。

A．汉

B．魏

C．蜀

D．吴

4宋代文人中，文章有战国纵横家之风的是《六国论》的作者（　　）。

A．王安石

B．苏轼

C．苏洵

D．欧阳修

5清诗人中以七言歌行《圆圆曲》而名满一时的是（　　）。

A．钱谦益

B．顾炎武

C．龚自珍

D．吴伟业

6《望岳》：“岱宗夫如何，齐鲁青未了。”“岱宗”指（　　）。

A．华山

B．嵩山

C．泰山

D．恒山

7下列作品中属于新乐府诗的是（　　）。

A．《卖炭翁》

B．《琵琶行》

C．《长恨歌》

D．《钱塘湖春行》

8“斜阳草树，寻常巷陌，人道寄奴曾住。”“寄奴”是指（　　）。

A．孙权

B．刘备

C．周瑜

D．刘裕

9盛唐诗风形成的标志是（　　）。

A．讲究声律辞藻

B．抒写慷慨情杯

C．诗情画意结合

D．声律风骨兼备

10最早以“赋”作为文体名称的作品是（　　）。

A．《高唐赋》

B．《吊屈原赋》

C．《柳赋》

D．《赋篇》

三、多项选择题（在每小题的备选答案中选出二至三个正确答案，各2分。共10分）

1《西洲曲》“低头弄莲子，莲子青如水”二句运用的修辞手法有（　　）（　　）。

A．比喻

B．拟人

C．顶真

D．谐音

E．夸张

2下列作家属于桐城派的有（　　）（　　）（　　）。

A．方苞

B．刘大櫆

C．归有光

D．姚鼐

E．袁枚

3“春秋三传”包括的著作有（　　）（　　）（　　）。

A．《左传》

B．《公羊传》

C．《穆天子传》

D．《谷粱传》

E．《春秋外传》

4屈原利用楚国民歌形式，运用楚国方言，创造了“楚辞体”，他的作品有（　　）（　　）（　　）。

A．《离骚》

B．《天问》

C．《九辩》

D．《对楚王问》

E．《九歌》

5“黄河远上白云间，一片孤城万仞山，羌笛何须怨杨柳，春风不度玉门关。”这首脍炙人口的绝句是A（　 
）B（　　）C（　　）。

A．初唐、盛唐、中唐

B．王之涣、王翰、王昌龄

C．律诗、七绝、小令

四、指出下列带点的词性和特殊用法(每题1分，计10分)

五、阅读文章，写一篇短文（20分）

语言间的文化差异客观存在。现代社会的进步使人感觉到世界变得越来越小，然而并不能使人们的心理距离缩小。不同民族和不同国家的人接触越多，越会感到文化差异的存在。比如，人们在文化取向、风土人情、传统习俗、生活方式、行为规范、价值观念、社会规范、思维方式等方面存在差异，而方方面面的差异必然反映到语言上。

语言是文化系统的一部分，不同语言具有不同的文化意义。人们在使用不同语言描写同一客观事物时，表现出不同的文化底蕴。学习和使用非母语语言时，负载的文化知识必然产生认知差异，人们在选择词语进行跨文化交际中，常常因为误解和误用词语，导致一些跨文化交际的不协调。

跨文化交际冲突的语言原因有：词汇空缺（word lacuna，两语中找不到相对应相契合的词），词义错位（misplacing of meaning，两语中相对应的词在不同文化背景中引起不同联想）、词义空缺（semantic lacuna，某一词项的含义在此语言中比在彼语言里宽广）、句法差异（syntactic differentials）、语用失误（pragmatic failure）、非语言失误（failures in misusing non-verbals）等方面。

要求：

l．报考英语教育方向的考生，根据你的理解和认识，从英语教学的角度写一篇短文；报考英语翻译方向的考生，根据你的理解和认识，从英语翻译的角度写一篇短文。

2．字数要求400—500字。

3．观点明确，论述集中，不要面面俱到。

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