外交学院713基础英语考研真题及辅导用书

考研真题

1. 外交学院英语系《713基础英语》历年考研真题汇总（含部分答案）

2. 全国名校基础英语考研真题

考研指导书

1. 2026年考研基础英语专用教材

2. 2026年基础英语考研题库

外交学院英语系《713基础英语》历年考研真题汇总（含部分答案）

书籍目录

部分内容

2007年外交学院英语系313基础英语考研真题

《基础英语》（代码313）

This examination paper consists of 3 sections:
Section A tests your mastery of English vocabulary, usage and grammar; Section
B tests your ability to understand English in context; and Section C tests your
reading comprehension

SECTION A: VOCABULARY, USAGE, & GRAMMAR

Subsection 1
Directions:  Choose one of the 4 answers
given in each group which best matches the underlined par.
1. Moreover, numerous examples will be found to
illustrate the perils of nepotism in business.
[A] preferential treatment　
[B] despotism in business practice
[C] pre.udice in business practice
[D] excessive favor given to relatives

2. But ground zero for American
nepotism will be the November election, when voters will get to decide how they
feel about the proliferation of family ties in our governing class.
[A] exact point where a bomb strikes the ground

[B] starting point 
 

[C] social foundation

[D] origination of a tradition

3. And whether he wins
or loses, we  will likely hear increasing speculation about a possible
dynastic face-off in 2008 between First Brother Jeb Bush and Sen .
Hillary Clinton.
[A] losing face

[B] confrontation between opponents
[C] damaging one’s reputation

[D] hitting someone right in the face

4. The arms race became a way to measure
who was winning. And since the central battlefield was quiet , both sides
helped allies in their local struggles-in other words , proxy wars.
[A] mock wars　
 [B] virtual wars
[C] unreal wars　
 [D] wars fought for others

5. For hardheaded reasonsof
self-interest , most countries would join together in a global antiterrorism
coalition—if the United States would try to forge one .
[A] foolish reasons　 
 [B] practical purposes
[C] clear-headed reasons
 [D] shrewd reasons

6. After a series of scandals going back
to the J. Edgar Hoover era , many FBI brick agents thought they could not trust
their own superiors. “None of the people on Mahogany Row backed up
agents down the food chain when we were investigated for doing black-bag jobs
against radical leftists,” recalled a veteran Gman.
[A] wooden bench  [B]
the bureau’s executive suites
[C] round table　
 [D] leadership

7. But the outgoing prime minister is
already regarded by most Palestinians as an American puppet , and any attempt
toshore him up would probably backfire.
[A] make him stay
 [B] support him
[C] oust him 
 [D] discredit him

8. Few American Sitchcoms have
infiltrated global culture as forcefully—and as funnily—as “friends.” NBC’s
long-running series , about six twenty something (by now, thirty something)
singles navigating relationships in a whitewashed New York City, is broadcast
in nearly 60 countries and seen weekly by more than 40 million people .
[A] Sitting-room comedies　
 [B] Situation comedies
[C] soap operas　
 [D] popular comedies

9. Still, a lot has changed since 1998,
Then, Russia was out of control , prey to speculators and the whims of the
rapacious tycoons who took over banks and newly privatized industries.
[A] wisdom of  joyous giants
[B] impulsive decisions of insatiable magnates
[C] speculations of ambitious CEOs
[D] whimsical business leaders

10. Among the more troubling elements of
this tale, obviously, is how it highlights an enduring fact of Russian business
life. At bottom, the scene remains ad hoc, changeable, prey to happenstance
or even whimsy.
[A] victim of disasters  [B]
easy to make happen
[C] happen unexpectedly  [D]
subject to chance occurrence

Subsection 2
Directions: Complete each of the following blanks
by choosing one of the 4 given sets of prepositions/adverbs .

1. Saddam Hussein was apparently convinced that US forces
would never invade Iraq and oust him _____ power, say US officials familiar
_____ the accounts _____ capture members of the former dictator’s regime
[A] off, with, for
 [B] from, with, of
[C] from, to, of
 [D] from, with, to

2. US officials say that this account of Saddam’s misunderstanding _____
American intentions could well explain the haphazard way _____ which the regime
defended itself and fell _____ early in the American onslaught.
[A] by, against, off　 
 [B] of, against, off 
[C] of, in, apart　 
 [D] with, against, apart

3. US and British Intel officials still say stockpiles of
chemical _____biological agents will turn ______.But US defense analysts are
paying more attention to a “working hypothesis,” based_____ stories told by
Iraqi captives, that no live WMD may ever be found..
[A] or, up, on　 
 [B] with, up, upon
[C] of, out, on 　 [D]
of, on, on

4. Rumsfeld insisted that risk aversion was less_____ a
 problem in the military_____ elsewhere in the government. But he
acknowledged,_______ his own sometimes frustrating experience, that changing a
bureaucratic culture takes time.
[A] of, for, from　
　[B] of, than, from
[C] for, than, by　 
 [D] of, than, by

5. Former Iraqi President Saddam Hussein—now______ the
hands of U.S. forces at an undisclosed location_______ his capture —says he did
not have weapons_______ mass destruction before the war, two senior Bush administration
officials tell CNN.
[A] on, after, of [B]
into, after, for
[C] in, after, of  [D]
in, upon, of

6. In a statement late Sunday, Chinese Foreign Ministry
spokesman Liu Jianchao said the Chinese government hoped this dramatic
development would be“conducive_______ the Iraqi people taking their
destiny______ their own hands, and_______ realizing peace and stability in Iraq.”
[A] for, in, for  [B]
to, in, to
[C] with, into, with　
 [D] to, into, to

7. The president was first informed______ the operation at
about 3:15 p.m. Saturday______ Camp David by Defense Secretary Donald Rumsfeld.
Rumsfeld started the phone conversation______ Bush_______ cautioning the
president that first reports are not always accurate.
[A] of, in, with, when 
 [B] of, at, with, for
[C] about, on, with, by　   [D]
about, at, with, by

8 Saddam said U.S. troops  would face a bloodbath in
Iraq, but his regime fell in_______ than a month. Advancing U.S. and British troops defaced______ destroyed many of Saddam’s monuments, followed later
by ordinary Iraqis. Coalition forces now use many of palaces he had built to
glorify his rule_____ bases.
[A] more, and, as　
 [B] less, or, for
[C] less, and, as
 [D] less, or, as

9. Every dynasty must take______ new blood from time to
time, and Arnold is the David of the clan：a talented upstart
who married_______ America’s royal family, he has suddenly put them back_______
the national spotlight after a series of recent defeats and unhappy reversals.
[A] in, into, in
 [B] on, to, into
[C] upon, into, on
 [D] in, to, in

10. Americans think of sports as rigorously meritocratic.
After all, if you can’t hit a home run _____ sink a basket you won’t last long
_____ this arena. Yet family ties abound _____ major sports, as we will be
reminded when baseball starts in April and athletes like Barry Bonds, Roberto
Alomar and Moises Alou take the field.
[A] or, in, for
 [B] or, in, in
[C] and, in, in　
 [D] or, into, in

Subsection 3
Directions:  Decide which of the following 2
sentences in each group is correct, or whether they are both correct, or
neither is correct. 
1. (1) The man was bare to the waist, sweating all
over.
(2) The giggling girls walked in bare feet across the soft meadow.
[A] (1) 　[B] (2) 　 [C] Both  [D]
Neither

2. (1) Some teachers suggested to call another mass-meeting.
(2) The brick-layer at the top of the scaffold is calling more mortar.
 [A] (1)   [B] (2) 
 [C] Both   [D] Neither

3. (1) You must hold your ground, don’t bargain away
principles.
 (2) The young man bargains on making a fortune early in life.
[A] (1)　  [B] (2)　
 [C] Both　  [D] Neither

4.(1) The sun’s rays could not wedge their way through the
barrage of foliage.
(2) We picnicked at the base of the mountain.
[A] (1) 
[B] (2)　 [C] Both 　[D]
Neither

5.(1) The film was so wonderful that she was completely
carried off.
(2) He, a Hindu, has lost cast to becoming Christian.
[A] (1)  [B] (2)　
[C] Both  [D] Neither

6.(1) I’m sorry, but you’ve dialed for the wrong number.
(2) His screen career, for all practical purposes, had guttered out.
[A] (1)  [B] (2) 
[C] Both [D] Neither

7.(1) I think it will rain this afternoon, but my brother
thinks otherwise.
(2) The door cannot be opened otherwise than with a key.
[A] (1) [B] (2)
[C] Both　 [D] Neither

8.(1) The woman, so terrified, let off a shriek.
(2) They will be expected to make their own beds.
 [A] (1)  [B] (2) 
[C] Both　  [D] Neither

9.(1) The new method will be phased into the system.
(2) The trams will be phased off.
 [A] (1) 　 [B] (2)　 
[C] Both [D] Neither

10. (1) At first blush, he thought they would be a
perfect couple.
 (2) He blustered his way passed the man guarding the entrance.
 [A] (1)  [B] (2)
[C] Both [D] Neither

Subsection
4
Directions:Choose an article (or
zero article) that best fits into each blank in the following passage and
blacken the letter of the choice you have made in the Answer Sheet.
Beijing respects ___1___ “desire of ___2___
Taiwan people to develop and pursue ___3___democracy,” but opposes efforts
by ___4___Taiwan’s leaders to “cut off Taiwan from ___5___sacred territory
of the Chinese motherland,” ___6___Premier Wen Jiabao told CNN.
Wrapping up ___7___ three-day trip to ___8___ United States, ___9___ Chinese
premier said Beijing opposes ___10___ Taiwan referendum that may lead ___11___
island to ___12___ independence.
Playing down any prospect of ___13___war over the issue, he said,
“___14___ people of Taiwan are our blood brothers and sisters. So as long
as even the slightest hope for ___15___ peace exists, we will work to our
utmost to strive for ___16___ peaceful process.”
“However, we firmly oppose ___17___ attempts by certain security forces in
Taiwan to pursue Taiwan independence under ___18___disguise of promoting
democracy in ___19___ attempt to cut off Taiwan from ___20___ mainland.”

1.[A] a　 [B]
an 　[C] the  [D] nil
2.[A] a   [B] an 　[C] the  [D] nil
3.[A] a 　[B] an 　[C] the  [D] nil
4.[A] a 　[B] an   [C] the  [D] nil
5.[A] a　 [B] an　 [C] the  [D] nil
6.[A] a   [B] an 　[C] the  [D] nil
7.[A] a   [B] an 　[C] the  [D] nil
8.[A] a   [B] an 　[C] the  [D] nil
9.[A] a   [B] an 　[C] the  [D] nil
10.[A] a  [B] an 　[C] the  [D] nil
11.[A] a  [B] an 　[C] the  [D] nil
12.[A] a  [B] an 　[C] the  [D] nil
13.[A]a   [B] an 　[C] the  [D] nil
14.[A] A  [B] An  [C] The  [D] Nil
15.[A] a   [B] an  [C] the  [D] nil
16.[A] a 　[B] an 　[C] the  [D] nil
17.[A] a 　[B] an 　[C] the  [D] nil
18.[A] a 　[B] an 　[C] the  [D] nil
19.[A] a 　[B] an   [C] the  [D] nil
20.[A] a 　[B] an 　[C] the  [D] nil

SECTION B: UNDERSTANDING IN CONTEXT: CLOZE TEST
Direction:Choose one of the four choices given in
each group which best fits into each of the blanks in the following passage,
and blacken the corresponding letter of the choice you have made in the Answer Sheet.
It was worth the wait. On Oct. 15,
after decades of fitful starts ___1___ spectacular failures for China’s space
___2___, Lieut. Colonel Yang Liwei, a ___3___ ex-fighter pilot, roared into the
heavens to become China’s first man in space. During his 21-hour journey in the
heavens, the 38-year-old Yang maneuvered ___4___ in the tight compartment of
the Shenzhou V ___5___, taking photographs, naps, and at one point ___6___ a
tiny Chinese flag — an iconic image that would soon be broadcast to 1.3 billion
fellow citizens back home. The ___7___ -control room outside Beijing burst into
cheers, already ___8___ by a message from President Hu Jintao who announced
that the ___9___ was “the glory of our great motherland.” Then, Yang fished
around and produced another flag, this time a ___10___ blue one bearing the
emblem of the United Nations, and held it up beside the red Chinese ensign.
In a(n) ___11___ more important for its symbolism than its science, Yang’s
flag-waving exercise sent an unexpected ___12___ to Planet Earth: not only had
China joined the U.S. and Russia in the ___13___ club of spacefaring nations,
it wanted to celebrate the achievement with the whole world. For the first time
in centuries, China, ___14___ sensitive of its past as the isolated “sick man
of Asia,” seemed confident of its own economic and political power, as
comfortable strutting its stuff on the international ___15___ as any member of
the G-8.
Nowhere has this ___16___ confidence been on display more than in China’s
rapidly improving international relations. In the past few months, under Hu’s
leadership, Beijing has emerged as an increasingly sophisticated and mature
___17___ on the global stage, a power more intent on diplomatic ___18___ that
preserves the country’s robust economic growth than on replaying the Maoist
rhetoric of confrontation. “Hu puts more emphasis on ___19___ in foreign policy
rather than on symbols,” says Chu Shulong, director of the Institute of
Strategic Studies at Beijing’s ___20___ niversity, who advises the Chinese
leadership on foreign affairs.

1.[A] or [B] and [C]but [D] yet
2.[A] project[B] program[C]dream [D] launch
3.[A] young [B] small[C]little[D] diminutive
4.[A] weightlessly [B] weightless [C] n.-weight[D] feather-weigh
5.[A] capsule [B] module[C]cabin [D]container
6.[A] taking [B]clasping [C]handing[D] producing
7.[A] task [B] launch [C]central [D] mission
8.[A] gladdened [B] supported [C] encouraged[D] buoyed
9.[A] launch [B]takeoff [C]liftoff [D] soft landing
10.[A] light [B] shallow [C]pale [D] n.vy
11. [A]march [B] flight [C]launch [D] expedition
12. [A]news [B] headline [C]information [D] message
13. [A]exclusive
[B] inclusive [C]special[D] reclusive
14. [A]ever [B] n.ver [C]always[D]
for ever
15. [A]platform [B] v.nue [C]stage [D]place
16. [A]newlyfound [B] n.wfound [C] n.wly found [D] n.w found
17. [A]player [B] actor [C]actress[D]performer
18. [A]practicality [B] pragmatism [C] realism [D]practice
19. [A]content [B] substance [C]ideas [D] logic
20. [A]Ch’inghua [B] Tsing Hua [C]Tsinghua [D] Qing Hua

SECTION C:READING COMPREHENSION

Subsection 1
Directions:Read the following statements carefully
and complete each by blackening the corresponding letter of the choice you have
made in the Answer Sheet.

1.America needs to change its
attitude toward energy production and transmission.Unless we want to live with
increasing fossil-fuel-based pollution and indefinite policing of the Middle
East, we need to get away from the centralized-power-grid concept and start
using alternative energy sources such as solar or emerging fuel-cell
technologies.If the government and consumers are to spend billions of dollars
upgrading the system, cleaning up air pollution and providing military and
economic support in the Middle East, it seems clear that _____.
[A] we should be happy with what we
have been trying to do.
[B] we should forget about the
present electricity-grid system.

[C] we should not police the Middle
East with the view of getting energy.
[D] we should be discussing
alternative energy.

2.Finally, someone has the courage
to address the seemingly taboo subject of regarding suicide bombers not merely
as evil, but as a phenomenon based on cause and effect.Suicide bombers haven’t
risen out of a vacuum—they have been victims of oppression.In no way do I
condone their tactics, _____.
[A] but I have sympathy for their
prolonged plight, and absence of more effective means to win their case.
[B] yet, I give full support to
their efforts, though futile, for attracting attention from the international
community.
[C] but to go after them in the
way, for example, that Israel does treats the symptom, not the cause.
[D] yet, in retrospection, their
foolhardy action is a manifestation of their determination to win freedom.

3.In your August 15 story“Who
Says There’s No Second Act?” Jhumpa Lahiri says, “A true Indian doesn’taccept
me as an Indian and a true American doesn’t accept me as an American.”happily,
the novelist is wrong on at least the second premise. Anyone who would deny
Lahiri or any other newcomer her acceptance in America is not a true American.
TrueAmericanness isn’tabout place of birth. It’sabout an attitude towardour
fellow humans and holding certain truths to be self-evident. If Lahiri believes
in the American ideas, she’s as American as I an,___.
[A] and she would be accepted as
both an Indian and an American..

[B] and I happily welcome her to
the fold.
[C] and she would be accepted as an
American, if not an Indian.
[D] and she wouldn’t be troubled by
thought of belonging to neither group.

4.Your July 14 article “Return of the Jews”
really agitated me. It sounds as though until now, it was impossible for Jewish
people to live in Germany because we Germans were all anti-Semites. What is
strange about religious people studying the Talmud in Berlin? Jews did this for
hundreds of years in Germany before they were driven from their homes. Sure,
national socialism killed millions of innocent Jews in the cruelest way. That
must neither be denied nor forgotten. But most German Christians never
discriminated against German Jews.Jewish people served our land faithfully (as
in the 1870-71 war between Germany and France and in World War I ), and great
Jewish scientists have enhanced Germany’s reputation. It is unfair to make the
third generation of Germans after World War II feel ashamed for a history they
never wanted. In German schools, pupils visit synagogues and mosques. We have
many action groups against racism and fascism, and there are
counterdemonstrations against fascist ones, ______.
[A] Germany says“never
again!” to fascism.
[B] German fascism would be
defeated for good.
[C] German Jews are victims of
fascism.
[D] Jews were not discriminated
against in Germany..

5.I commend your August 25“Letter from America,”
which was a factual and not-too-biased note on the problems of living with
timber rattlesnakes. I would have expected an urban magazine to be much harsher
on our less-understood critters. However, I must complain about the photograph
accompanying your article. You ran a picture of a Western diamond-backed
rattlesnake, a species that is not to be found in upstate New York. To you,
maybe, a rattler is a rattler, but it does a disservice to the undereducated
public. It is kind of like running a picture of a coyote in a story about
wolves or a bottle of Pepsi in a story regarding Coca-Cola. Media sources can
also call on someone like me to verify species’ identity._____.
[A] No picture at all is better
than a misidentified or misleading one.
[B] Yet they don’t want me to do
so, nor do it themselves.
[C] To have a rough idea of
something is better than having on idea about it at all.
[D] Using wrong pictures are
against patent law.

6.Your cover story presents obesity as a global
epidemic no longer limited to wealth countries. But I found this article
indecent, and the mention of weight-loss clinics in Africa irrelevant. The
rapid progression of obesity does not change the sad disproportion between the
populations of rich and poor countries. Hunger and malnutrition still remain a
problem in a vast majority of the world, especially in Africa. Let’s think
beyond the borders of Texas or Utah. There are a number of health issues that
should be presented at the global level. How about discussing AIDS, hunger or
malaria? These are serious global epidemics, and I find it regrettable that the
world’s diverse and complex reality_______.
[A] was described with such
indecency.
[B] was presented with such a
narrow mind-set.
[C] was unrealistically interpreted
and understood.
[D] was beyond the comprehension of
realists.

7.My husband is a Navy reservist stationed at
Camp Mitchell in Rota, Spain, and has been away since March 31.In June about
200 troops were sent home from Camp Mitchell, while 200 others remained.During
the time the 400 troops were together, the reserve center kept in contact with
us via e-mail, but now the Navy has lost interest in us and our spouses. Yes,
our spouses chose to defend their country, but they were also told that things
would be taken care ofhere at home so that they could concentrate on doing the
job they were sent to do. I believe that because my husband was not sent to
Iraq, the Navy feels that his needs and those of his family are unimportant. ________.
[A] If not so, who, then,
areimportant?.
[B] we have to accept it silently.
[C] We have been ignored, with no
reason at all.
[D] Shouldn’t“supporting our
troops” include the families left behind.

8.In Newsweek’s portrayal of the pension situation
in Germany, language such as “entitlements,” “generational fraud” and “coddled”
suggests that typical pensioner enjoys a selfishly high standard of living.
Nowhere does Stefan Their tell us what a real pension might be for Germans who
have worked in nonprofessional jobs or how that compares to the cost of living.
Nor does he mention the impact on the pension system brought about by
reunification, the widening compensation gap, the high levels of unemployment
overall and the special difficulty unemployed people over 50 have in reentering
the labor market. Many retirees today, after long years of working in
low-paying jobs, must practice old-fashioned thrift to subsist on their
pensions. They are the ones—not the minority of the highly compensated who
have had the means to save and invest—_______.
[A] who will bear the brunt
ofreform.
[B] who will acquiesce most humbly.
[C] who will deal with the
situation.
[D] who will be left behind and
forgotten.

9.Thank you for your insightful report on the
sophisticated and organized enemy attacks on US troops. Why was it so hard for
the Bush Administration and Congress to predict that someIraqis would continue
to fight us after the downfall of Saddam Hussein? If a coalition of countries
were to successfully invade the US for purposes of regime change, our citizens
would employ tactics of terrorism against the occupying forces and attempt to
destabilize the new government. The resistance would continue long after our
defending forces had been defeated. The war in Iraq will go on_______.
[A] until we encounter greater
resistance from Iraqi rebels.
[B] until the whole world is
against us.
[C] until we acknowledge our
arrogance and pull the invading troops out.
[D] until Saddam is caught in his
hideout, dirty, unkempt, haggard.

10. Malaysian Prime Minister Mahathir Mohamad’s
anti-Semitic comments deserve scrutiny.He said, “Today the Jews rule the world
by proxy.They get others to fight and die for them.”If his comments weren’t so
pathetic, we should thank Mahathir for revealing precisely the mentality of the
Islamic leaders he was addressing.Even if the Prime Minister’s assertions were
true, they largely missed the point.If so many Jews were in influential
positions, it would show the ability of Jewish communities to adapt to their
environment and grasp what modernity is about.Constrained by a difficult
history, Jews have had little choice but to find ways to integrate into host
societies.Just as anti-Semites in Europe did in the past, Mahathir is mistaking
a consequence for a cause.He misses the real target, the modern and globalized
world in which Muslim society has been marginalized.Modernity wasn’t created by
the Jews, and they don’t control progress.As Mahathir said, the Muslim world
will wield far more global influence _____.
[A] if it opens up its economies.
[B] if it fights terrorism.
[C] if it fights terrorism and
opens up its economies.
[D] if it goes along with the rest
of the world.

Subsection 2
Directions:Read the following passages carefully
and blacken the corresponding letter of the choice you have made in the Answer
Sheet.

Passage 1
Questions 1-5 are based on the
following passage:
[1]In the eighteenth century,
Japan’s feudal overlords, from the shogun to the humblest samurai, found
themselves under financial stress.In part, this stress can be attributed to the
overlords’ failure to adjust to a rapidly expanding economy, but the stress was
also due to factors beyond the overlords’ control.Concentration of the samurai
in castle-towns had acted as a stimulus to trade.Commercial efficiency, in
turn, had put temptations in the way of buyers.Since most samurai had been
reduced to idleness by years of peace, encouraged to engage in scholarship and
martial exercises or to perform administrative tasks that took little time, it
is not surprising that their tastes and habits grew expensive.Overlords’
income, despite the increase in rice production among their tenant farmers,
failed to keep pace with their expenses.Although shortfalls in overlords’
income resulted almost as much from laxity among their tax collectors (the
nearly inevitable outcome of hereditary officeholding) as from their higher
standards of living, a misfortune like a fire or flood, bringing an increase in
expenses or a drop in revenue, could put a domain in debt to the city
rice-brokers who handled its finances.Once in debt, neither the individual
samurai nor the shogun himself found it easy to recover.
[2]It was difficult for individual
samurai overlords to increase their income because the amount of rice that
farmers could be made to pay in taxes was not unlimited, and since the income
of Japan’s central government consisted in part of taxes collected by the
shogun form his huge domain, the government too was constrained.Therefore, the
Tokugawa shoguns began to look to other sources for revenue.Cash profits from
government-owned mines were already on the decline because the most easily
worked deposits of silver and gold had been exhausted, although debasement of
the coinage had compensated for the loss.Opening up new farmland was a
possibility, but most of what was suitable had already been exploited and
further reclamation was technically unfeasible.Direct taxation of the samurai
themselves would be politically dangerous.This lift the shoguns only commerce
as a potential source of government income.
[3]Most of the country’s wealth, or
so it seemed, was finding its way into the hands of city merchants.It appeared
reasonable that they should contribute part of that revenue to ease the
shogun’s burden of financing the state.A means of obtaining such revenue was
soon found by levying forced loans, known as goyo-kin; although these
were not taxes in the strict sense, since they were irregular in timing and
arbitrary in amount, they were high in yield.Unfortunately, they pushed up
prices.Thus, regrettably, the Tokugawa shoguns’ search for solvency for the
government made it increasingly difficult for individual Japanese who lived on
fixed stipends to make ends meet.

1.Which of the following
financial situations is most analogous to the financial situation in which
Japan’s Tokugawa shoguns found themselves in the eighteenth century?
[A] A small business borrows
heavily to invest in new equipment, but is able to pay off its debt early when
it is awarded a lucrative government contract.
[B] Fire destroys a small business,
but insurance covers the cost of rebuilding.
[C] A small business is able to cut
back sharply on spending through greater commercial efficiency and thereby
compensate for a loss of revenue.

[D]A small business has to struggle
to meet operating expenses when its profits decrease.

2.According to the passage, the
major reason for the financial problems experienced by Japan’s feudal overlords
in the eighteenth century was that
[A]profits from mining had declined
[B]spending had outdistanced income
[C]the samurai had concentrated in
castle-towns
[D]the coinage had been sharply
debased

3.The passage implies that
individual samurai did not find it easy to recover from debt for which of the
following reasons?
[A] Taxes were irregular in timing
and arbitrary in amount.
[B] The Japanese government had
failed to adjust to the needs of a changing economy.
[C] There was a limit to the amount
in taxes that farmers could be made to pay.
[D] The domains of samurai
overlords were becoming smaller and poorer as government revenues increased.

4.The passage suggests that, in
eighteenth-century Japan, the office of the tax collector
[A]remained within families
[B]was regarded with derision by
many Japanese
[C]was a source of personal profit
to the officeholder
[D]took up most of the
officeholder’s time

5.According to the passage, the
actions or the Tokugawa shoguns in their search for solvency for the government
were regrettable because those actions
[A] resulted in the exhaustion of
the most easily worked deposits of silver and gold
[B] raised the cost of living by
pushing up prices
[C] were far lower in yield than
had originally been anticipated
[D] acted as deterrent to trade

Passage 2
Questions 6-10 are based on the
following passage:
[1]Many people today refer to the
time in which we live as the age of globalization, and for most Americans, it
has brought enormous benefits. In the eight years when I served as president,
roughly one-third of U.S. growth came from trade. Our country’s enormous
increase in productivity was in on small part fueled by the application of
information technology across all sectors of the economy, the continued outreach
to people throughout the world and the openness of our borders to immigrants
who continued to replenish the energy of our entrepreneurial system. It worked
for us. But interdependence is not, by definition, good or bad. It can be
either, and it can be both.
 [2] On Sept.11,2001,A1 Qaeda
terrorists used the forces of interdependence—open borders, easy
travel, easy immigration, easy access to information and technology—to
turn jet airplanes full of fuel into weapons of mass destruction, killing 3,100
people including hundreds from 70 foreign countries who were in America looking
for positive interdependence. More than 200 of those killed were Muslims,
indicating the racial and religious diversity of the positive side of this
equation.
 [3] My basic premise is this:
The interdependent world, for all of its promise, is inevitably unsustainable,
because it is unstable. We cannot continue to live in a world where we grow
more and more interdependent and have no over-arching system to make the
positive elements of interdependence outweigh the negative ones.
 [4] So I believe all thinking
people, particularly Americans, must ask and answer three questions: What is my
vision of the 21^st-century world? What do we have to do achieve it?
And what does America have to do?

 [5] Ithink the great mission
ofthe 21^st-century is to create a genuine global community, to move
from mere interdependence to integration, to a community that has shared
responsibilities, shared benefits and shared values. How would we go about building
that king of world?
 [6] One ofthe most important
shared responsibilities is to fight for security: against terror, weapons of
mass destruction, organized crime and narcotics traffickers, for restarting the
Middle East peace process, for resolving the nuclear issues of North Korea, for
encouraging the new dialogue between India and Pakistan, for a successful
transition to a democratic self-government in Iraq, for helping countries like
Colombia and the Philippines fight terror. It means making a global effort to
reduce the stocks of available chemical, biological and nuclear materials.
 [7] The second main shared
responsibility is to build institutions of global cooperation, so that people
get into a habit of resolving their differences in a peaceful way, according to
rules and procedures generally perceived to be fair. Unless you have
institution building, it will be hard to sustain the mentality necessary to
have shared responsibilities.
 [8]We also have to share the
benefits of the interdependent world. Why? For one thing, if you come from a
wealthy country with open borders, unless you seriously believe you can kill,
imprison or occupy all of your enemies, you have to make a world with more
friends and fewer enemies, with more partners and fewer terrorists.
 [9]As we see everyday in
Iraq, the United States has the only super-military in the world. We can with
any military conflict all by ourselves, but we can’t build the peace all by
ourselves. So what does that mean? Among other things, it means that we have to
bring economic opportunity to the 50 percent of the globe’s population that
lives on $2 a day or less. It means more trade with developing nations. It
means more aid that works properly. It means more another round of debt relief
tied to economic development, education, health care. It means financing
projects that will build functioning, sustainable economies in poor countries.
It means educating those who presently can’t be part of positive
interdependence.
 [10] I was at the United Nations
talking to the secretary general about the work I’m doing to fight AIDS in
Africa and the Caribbean. We are now going to the able to buy medicine for $140
per person per year, but we need to finance the development of health-care
networks to make the medicine work. This is not rocket science, but as we do it
we build a world with more friends and fewer terrorists. I’m all for a strong
security position, but we cannot possibly kill, imprison or occupy all of our
actual or potential adversaries, and we are drastically underinvesting in
building a world with more partners.
 [11] What, then, is America’s
responsibility? My philosophy is that the United States should cooperate with
others whenever we can, across the broadest range of areas, and act alone only
if we have to. In the current U.S. government, the conservatives believe they
should act alone whenever they can and cooperate only when they have to.
 [12] For example, take those
of us in the cooperation camp who were fairly hawkish on Iraq. I was for the UN
resolution last November that said to Saddam Hussein：“You
will let the inspectors back in, or we will depose you.” I diverged when we
moved form“cooperation whenever we can and act alone when
we’re forced to,” to “now we’ve got the UN, and we will decide when Hans Blix
is through with his inspections.” The UN inspector was pleading for four, five
or six more weeks to finish, but the people who wanted the conflict didn’t want
him to finish and didn’t want to let him finish.
 [13] I still believe that we ought to see if
the United Nations can take over security in Iraq, ask NATO to handle it, and
involve countries that opposed the military conflict but who are part of NATO.
If they came in, it would prove that we were all trying to build a multiparty,
multiethnic, and multitribal democracy in Iraq. Most of the problems we have
today are ill suited to unilateral action.
 [14] If you, like me, believe in expanded trade
and believe America has greater obligations to open our borders and to invest
more in the development of poor countries, we have got to maintain the
political support here in America for doing that. And the only way we can do
that is to keep making our economy function better, make our society more
united. We have to build an integrated community in America, too. Otherwise we
won’t have the political support here to do what we need to do around the
world.

6.What mechanism Clinton has had in mind when
he is talking about striking a balance between both positive and negative
aspects of interdependence?

[A] An integrated global community.
[B] A mechanism that stands above
the global community.
[C] UN’s security council.
[D] World Trade Organization.

7.What is the ideal global community Clinton
has envisioned?
[A] An international community that
is interdependence.
[B] An international community that
has shared responsibilities.
[C] An international community that
has shared benefits and values.

[D] A well-integrated community
sharing many things.

8.In talking about the military strength of
the US in winning the war against Iraq and the efforts made to restore peace in
this country. Clinton enumerates several things the US must do.You are to point
out the one thing that is mentioned in one of the choices below, but was not
actually said by Clinton.
[A] Give half of the world’s
population a chance to develop their economy.
[B] Waiver or cut down on the debts of some of the
countries owned to the US.
[C] Provide loans to developing countries to make
their economy sustainable.
[D] Provide financial support to developing countries
for fighting terrorism.

9 What is the number of elements that
contributes the most to the US economic growth?
[A] 4[B] 2 [C]3 [D]5

10. Which choice can serve as the title that
best summarizes the content of this passage?
[A] The Age of Globalization.
[B] Defining the Mission of the 21^st
Century.
[C] Globalization and the 21^st Century.

[D] Shared Responsibilities of the International
Community.

Passage 3
Questions 11-15 are based on the following passage:

[1] My concern is that the predominantly black colleges
both private and public—beginning from the Reconstruction Period until the
present—have proved their work and resourcefulness to train the large majority
of Negroes who became intellectual and professional leaders after the Civil
War. Their educational accomplishments in providing our nation with back
intellectual leaders and other professionals up to the passing of the civil
rights acts and desegregation legislation were regarded as marvelous. During
the 20^th century, many observers and some friends of Negro education
have commented frequently on the effectiveness of the Negro colleges. Until
recently, 74% of the black college graduates received their baccalaureates from
predominantly black colleges. Many of these college trained persons who had
pursued graduate study in prestigious graduate schools throughout the nation
graduated with distinction. It is common knowledge that some of these black
graduate students won their doctorates with honors and became recognized
authorities in their chosen profession. Historians have recorded some of the
noteworthy achievements of numerous black scholars and professionals.
[2] The traditionally black
colleges have been and still are the seedbed for producing the Negro holders of
the doctorates who teach and serve as administrators at black colleges and who
are being increasingly recruited as instructors at white college and
universities. Perhaps, the most significant contribution these colleges and
universities make is derived through their product—their
graduates.These black teachers and administrators—lest we forget it,
some are white—inspired many Negro youths to seek undergraduate
and graduate degrees because of the quality of their individual achievements.
The examples set by these college trained intellectuals were not overlooked by
the black youth.They were quick to realize that the successful black scholar
and professional more often than not had to have more of what it takes to
succeed than whites who achieved an equal degree of success.
 [3] There are about 10 Negro
institutions of higher education in the United States.These colleges have been
the principal mechanism for the upward mobility of black people since their
beginning.They prepared most of the Negro teachers and preachers who taught and
preached in the South.To numerous poor Negro youth with latent ability these
teachers were worthy of emulation and proof that success was within their
reach.Therefore, many professors, physicians, dentists, lawyers, scientists,
artists, civil service officials and other professionals have graduated from
black colleges.That these Negro institutions were able to provide educational
opportunities to a severely disadvantaged constituency to the extent they did in
spite of a history of poor facilities and inadequate financial support in
simply astounding.

11. The passage suggests that black colleges
[A] are not as effective as they once were.
[B] presently train 74% of the black college
graduates.
[C] are more effective since the civil rights act.

[D] are increasing their number of graduates.

12. The passage states that most of the
graduates of black colleges continue as
[A] teachers [B] professionals
[C] university professors [D]graduate students pursuing
a doctorate

13. The main idea of the passage is the
[A] historical significance of black colleges and the
achievements of their graduates.
[B] inadequate financial support provided to black
colleges.
[C] inferior and inadequate facilities provided to
black colleges.
[D] upward mobility of black college graduates.

14. One could imply from the term“latent
ability” that the author is referring to
[A] the lack of self-motivation thought not now
visible.
[B] the lack of financial ability to attend college.

[C] the tax or negligent utilization of capabilities.
[D] the capabilities of becoming
though not now visible.

15. “A severely disadvantaged constituency”
refers to
[A] a community that was put at an
disadvantage.
[B] a voting district that was not
to the advantage of certain group.
[C] a district that was deprived of
the right to vote.
[D] the state of constituting was
not advantageous.

End of Examination

更多内容，请点击获取：
http://shuyue.100xuexi.com/Ebook/969276.html