国际关系学院211翻译硕士英语考研真题及辅导用书

考研真题

1. 国际关系学院《211翻译硕士英语》历年考研真题汇总（含部分答案）

2. 2026年翻译硕士《211翻译硕士英语》考研真题与模拟题

考研指导书

1. 丁往道《英语写作手册（中文版）》（第2版）笔记和考研真题

2. 张汉熙《高级英语（1）》（第3版重排版）学习指南【词汇短语＋课文精解＋全文翻译＋练习答案】

3. 张汉熙《高级英语（2）》（第3版重排版）学习指南【词汇短语＋课文精解＋全文翻译＋练习答案】

国际关系学院《211翻译硕士英语》历年考研真题汇总（含部分答案）

书籍目录

部分内容

2011年国际关系学院《211翻译硕士英语》考研真题及详解

一、词语解释题（每题1.5分，总共15分）

Directions: Explain the following words, abbreviations or terminology in your own words (in English only, please).

1 NGO

【答案】NGO is the abbreviation of Non-Governmental Organization. It is an organization that is not part of the local or state or federal government.

【解析】NGO是“Non-Governmental Organization”的缩写，意思是“非政府组织”，即除政府之外的其他社会公共组织。

2 vegetable man

【答案】Vegetable man are unable to move, think, or speak, and their condition is not likely to improve.

【解析】植物人指大脑已经完全或大半失去功能，亦即已经失去意识，但尚存活的人。虽然植物人仍旧有心跳，且通常犹有反射动作（意即其脑干依旧存活且能发挥功能），但是植物人的生命延续通常必需他人的照护，进食等行为都得由他人协助才能完成。

3 plastic art

【答案】Plastic arts are art forms which involve physical manipulation of a plastic medium by moulding or modeling such as sculpture or ceramics. The term has also been applied more broadly to all the visual arts (such as painting, sculpture, film and photography).

【解析】造型艺术是艺术形态之一。指以一定物质材料（如绘画用颜料、纸、木板等，雕塑、工艺用木、石、金属等，建筑用多种建筑材料等）和手段创造的可视静态空间形象的艺术。

4 a Casanova

【答案】A Casanova is any man noted for his amorous adventures.

【解析】“Casanova”指的是卡萨诺瓦式人物（意大利浪荡公子），即花花公子。

5 Certified Public Accountant

【答案】A Certified Public Accountant is someone who has received a certificate stating that he or she is qualified to work as an accountant within a particular state.

【解析】注册会计师，是指取得注册会计师证书并在会计师事务所执业的人员，英文全称“Certified Public Accountant”，简称为CPA。

6 to mortgage a house

【答案】If you mortgage a house, you use it as a guarantee to a company in order to borrow money from them.

【解析】“mortgage a house”指的是将房屋抵押给银行，以此获得贷款。

7 Linux

【答案】Linux is a free and open-source version of the UNIX operating system.

【解析】Linux操作系统是基于UNIX操作系统发展而来的一种克隆系统，可免费使用和自由传播。

8 an Apple of Discord

【答案】An Apple of Discord is used to signify the core of an argument, or a small matter that could lead to a bigger dispute.

【解析】“an Apple of Discord”直译为“纠纷的苹果”，出自荷马史诗Iliad中的希腊神话故事，引申为争斗的来源。传说厄里斯（Eris）没有收到宙斯的邀请而十分生气，她在筵席上放了一个金苹果，上面镌刻着“属于最美者”几个字。天后赫拉（Hera），智慧女神雅典娜（Athena）、爱与美之神阿芙罗狄蒂（Aphrodite），都自以为最美，应得金苹果，获得“最美者”称号。三人的争执引发了一系列灾难，也导致了特洛伊战争的爆发。

9 decimal numbers

【答案】The decimal system is a 10-based digital system.

【解析】“decimal system”为十进制，是以10为基础的数字系统。

10 Big Brother

【答案】Big Brother refers to a person, government, or organization which has complete control over people and is always checking what they do.

【解析】“老大哥”指的是一个完全监视与控制着人们的人、政府或组织。

二、词汇语法题（每题0.5分，总共l0分）

Directions: For each question in this section. please select the best answer from among the choices given.

1 The stereotypical image of masculinity assumes that weeping is _______ “unmanly” behavior, and not simply a human reaction which may be _______ by either sex.

A. inexplicably….repented

B. excessively….discerned

C. essentially….defined

D. inherently….adopted

E. intentionally….exaggerated

【答案】D

【解析】句意：男子气概的刻板印象人为哭泣是一种本质上“不男人”的行为，而不仅仅是一种无论何种性别都可以采用的人类反应。“inexplicably”说不清的。“repent”悔悟。

2 There are too many _______ and not enough serious workers.

A. sycophants

B. kleptomaniacs

C. novices

D. dilettantes

E. zealots

【答案】D

【解析】根据句意可知，空白处应该与“serious workers”意思相反。“dilettante”业余爱好者。“sycophant”谄媚者。“kleptomaniac”有窃盗癖的人。“novice”初学者。“zealot”狂热者。

3 If you come to the conference table with such an _______ attitude, we cannot expect to reach any harmonious agreement.

A. exemplary

B. iridescent

C. indolent

D. obdurate

E. unwonted

【答案】D

【解析】根据后半句“harmonious”可知，空格处应该是一个贬义词，而且意思与之相反。“obdurate”顽固的。“exemplary”典范的。“iridescent”彩虹色的。“indolent”懒惰的。“unwonted”不习惯的。

4 The good night’s sleep had _______ effect on the weary climber, who woke refreshed and eager to resume the ascent.

A. an innocuous

B. a tonic

C. a minor

D. an enervating

E. a detrimental

【答案】B

【解析】“tonic”滋补的；使精神振作的。“innocuous”无害的。“enervating”使人衰弱的。“detrimental”不利的。

5 She is an interesting _______, an infinitely shy person who, in apparent contradiction, possesses an enormously intuitive _______ for understanding people.

A. aberration….disdain

B. caricature….talent

C. specimen….loathing

D. phenomenon….disinclination

E. paradox….gift

【答案】E

【解析】句意：她是个有趣的矛盾体，一个十分害羞的人却有一种能够凭直觉理解他人的强大天赋。“have a gift/talent for”对……有天赋。“aberration”失常。“caricature”讽刺画。“specimen”样品。“disdain”蔑视。

6 Although its publicity has been _______, the film itself is intelligent, well-acted, handsomely produced, and altogether _______.

A. tasteless….respectable

B. extensive….moderate

C. sophisticated….amateur

D. risqué….crude

E. perfect….spectacular

【答案】A

【解析】第一个空格处应该与“intelligent, well-acted, handsomely”意思相反，而第二个空格处应与这几个词意思相近，因此A项符合题意。

7 Conservative historians who represent a traditional accounted as _______ because of its age may be guilty of taking on trust what they should have _______ in a conscientious fashion.

A. ancient….established

B. false….reiterated

C. mythical….fabricated

D. accurate….examined

E. suspicious….challenged

【答案】D

【解析】句意：那些仅仅因为其年代久远,而将历史传说描述成可靠准确的保守历史学家应该为他们的这种做法感到羞愧，他们本应该采取认真谨慎的态度来探究它们。“reiterate”重申。根据“guilty”和“should have”可知，这些科学家们原本应该仔细检查，因此D项正确。

8 Maggie is a procrastinator, naturally inclined to _______ and to _______ discussions.

A. meddle….scoff at

B. temporize….prolong

C. misbehave….disrupt

D. sneer….terminate

E. withdraw….intrude in

【答案】B

【解析】根据and可知，两个单词应该意思相近。“meddle”管闲事。“scoff at”嘲笑。“temporize”拖延。“procrastinator”拖延者。B项两个单词都有“延长”的意思，因此B项正确。

9 Opponents of the research institute label it _______ anachronism; its scholars, they allege, have ______ rivaling those of pre-Revolutionary French nobility.

A. an elitist….perquisites

B. a monarchical….tribulations

C. an irreproachable….luxuries

D. a reprehensible….afflictions

E. a commendable….privileges

【答案】A

【解析】句意：这所研究所的对手给它贴上了精英的错误时代标签,他们宣称,这家研究所的学者领取的额外津贴相当于那些革命前的法国贵族。“anachronism”时代错误。“perquisite”额外补贴。“irreproachable”无可指责的。“reprehensible”应斥责的。“commendable”值得赞美的。根据句意可知，这所研究所的对手在讽刺其额外津贴太多。

10 Since establishing the Children’s Defense Fund in 1973, Marian Wright Edelman has been an _____advocate, steadfast and constant.

A. unwitting

B. unswerving

C. inhibiting

D. elusive

E. antagonistic

【答案】B

【解析】空白处单词应该与“steadfast and constant”意思相近，因此B项“坚定不移的”符合题意。“unwitting”不知情的。“unswerving”坚定的。“inhibiting”约束的。“elusive”易忘的。“antagonistic”敌对的。

11 The bearded dragon lizard is a voracious eater, so _______ that it will consume as many insects as possible.

A. abstemious

B. cannibalistic

C. slovenly

D. insatiable

E. unpalatable

【答案】D

【解析】根据句意可知，空白处单词应与“voracious”意思相近，因此D项正确。“voracious”贪吃的。“insatiable”贪得无厌的。“abstemious”节约的。“cannibalistic”同类相食的。“slovenly”懒散的。“unpalatable”味道差的。

12 As one would expect, the reclusive poet _______ public appearances and invasions of privacy.

A. rewarded

B. endorsed

C. neglected

D. invited

E. detested

【答案】E

【解析】句意：正如人们所期望的那样，隐居诗人十分厌恶公开露面和被侵犯隐私。“reclusive”隐居的。“endorse”认可。空格处表示“隐居诗人”对“公众场合的亮相和个人隐私被侵犯”做的动作，因此E项正确。

13 Only recently created, this orchid is a _______, a plant produced by deliberately crossbreeding two different varieties of flowers.

A. misnomer

B. hybrid

C. vector

D. curative

E. precursor

【答案】B

【解析】根据“crossbreeding”可知，这种兰花是杂交所得，因此B项正确。“hybrid”杂种。“misnomer”用词不当。“vector”矢量。“curative”药品。“precursor”先驱。

14 Physical exercise often has a _______ effect, releasing emotional tension and refreshing the spirit.

A. pejorative

B. debilitating

C. cathartic

D. retentive

E. tenacious

【答案】C

【解析】根据后面“释放情感压力”与“使人精神振奋”，空格处单词应该是有宣泄意思的形容词。“cathartic”通便的；精神宣泄的。“pejorative”轻蔑的。“debilitating”使衰弱的。“retentive”记性好的。“tenacious”顽强的。

15 The judges for the chili competition were _______, noting subtle differences between dished that most people would not detect.

A. obscure

B. deferential

C. discriminating

D. sanctimonious

E. unrelenting

【答案】C

【解析】句意：麻辣比赛的评委是有识别能力的，能发现别人不能发现的菜肴之间的细微差别。“discriminating”有识别力的。“deferential”恭敬的。“sanctimonious”假装虔诚的。 “unrelenting”无情的；不屈不挠的。

16 Named in honor of the school’s founder, the Richard Brownstone Community Service Fellowship is one of the highest awards _______ Brownstone School graduates.

A. conscripted to

B. redeemed for

C. conferred on

D. relegated to

E. deprived of

【答案】C

【解析】句意：为了纪念学校的创始人，理查德布朗斯通社区服务奖学金是授予布朗斯通学校毕业生最高的奖学金之一。“confer on”授给。“conscript”征召。“redeem for”为……弥补。“relegate to”委托给。“deprive of”剥夺。

17 After several months of training, the _______ young spaniel was finally ______ enough to be walked safely without a leash.

A. eager….unruly

B. placid….defiant

C. clever….helpful

D. boisterous….docile

E. vigilant….convinced

【答案】D

【解析】句意：经过几个月的训练，性格暴躁的西班牙猎狗终于十分温顺，可以不系皮带安全地遛弯。根据“finally”可知，两个空白处单词意思应该相反，而且第一个应该带有贬义。“boisterous”狂暴的。“docile”温顺的。“placid”平静的。“defiant”挑衅的。“vigilant”警惕的。

18 Folk painter Grandma Mose has become such an enduring icon that many consider her _____ of America.

A. an innovator

B. an emblem

C. a successor

D. a detractor

E. a lobbyist

【答案】B

【解析】句意：民间画家莫斯已经成为一个经久不衰的偶像，许多人认为她是美国的象征。“emblem”象征。“detractor”贬低者。“lobbyist”说客。根据“an enduring icon”可知B项正确。

19 The intern was almost too _______; he felt the suffering of his patients as if it were his own.

A. candid

B. disarming

C. empathetic

D. insightful

E. hysterical

【答案】C

【解析】句意：那个实习生几乎太感性了，他觉得病人的痛苦好像是他自己的痛苦。“empathetic”同感的。“candid”公正的。“disarming”使解除警戒心的。“hysterical”歇斯底里的。

20 The few female physicians practicing at the end of the nineteenth century might be considered _______, because they constituted a very small percentage of all physicians.

A. miscreants

B. revisionists

C. anomalies

D. pacifists

E. extremists

【答案】C

【解析】句意：19世纪末的少数女内科医生被认为是特殊的，因为她们只占所有内科医生中很少的一部分。因为是少数一部分人，也就是不与大众相同，所以选择C。“anomaly”反常事物。“miscreant”异端；异教徒。“revisionist”修正主义者。“pacifist”和平主义者。

三、阅读理解（每题1.25分，总共15分）

Direction: In this section there are two passages followed by questions or unfinished statements, each with five suggested answers marked A, B, C, D, and E. Choose the one that you think is the best answer.

Questions 1-12 are based on the following passages.

Is a person’s gender an important influence on how he or she behaves with others? Contemporary sociologists and other scholars have argued this question fiercely. The following pair of passages presents two contrasting voices from that debate.

Passage 1

[1] The desire to affirm that women and men are completely equal has made some scholars reluctant to show ways in which they are different, because differences between two groups of people have so often been used to “justify” unequal treatment and opportunity. Much as I understand and am in sympathy with those who wish there were no differences between women and men only reparable social injustice-my research on styles of conversation tells me that, at least in this area, it simply isn’t so. I believe that there are gender differences in ways of speaking, and we need to identify and understand them. Without such understanding, we are doomed to blame others or ourselves-or our own relationships-for the otherwise mystifying and damaging effects of our contrasting conversational styles.

[2] It is clear to me that recognizing gender differences in conversational styles would free individuals from the burden of an inappropriate sense of being at fault for chronic disagreements. Many women and men feel dissatisfied with their close relationships-with spouses, siblings, parents-and become even more frustrated when they try to talk things out. Taking a sociolinguistic approach to such troubling encounters makes it possible to explain these dissatisfactions without accusing anyone of being wrong and without blaming-or discarding-the relationship.

[3] The sociolinguistic approach I take in my work is based on my belief that many frictions arise because, here in the United States, boys and girls grow up in what are essentially different cultures, so that talk between women and men is actually cross-cultural communication. For little boys, talk is primarily a means of making statement of achievement through games like bragging contests. This may also be done by exhibiting knowledge or skill and by holding center stage through such verbal performance as storytelling, joking, or imparting information. Little girls appear to be eager to share and compare interests and ideas. Emphasis is placed on displaying similarities and matching experiences. For them, the language of conversation is primarily a language of rapport: a way of establishing connection, and negotiating relationships. So this view of children’s behavior predicts that more women than men will be comfortable speaking one-on-one, to individuals. And even when addressing an audience, women may be 45 more concerned than men with establishing rapport.

Passage 2

[1] Gender stereotypes should concern us for several reasons. First, they may dictate what we notice and bias our perceptions in the direction of expectation. Some researchers attempt to elucidate gender differences in order to help women and men understand and respond to one another better. In the process, however, their work encourages people to notice and attend to differences rather than similarities, to perceive men and women in accordance with stereotypes that may not accurately depict their behavior or intentions. Second, gender stereotypes may not only describe behavior but also prescribe it, dictating how men and women “should” behave. People begin to act in ways that support other people’s gender-role expectations of them.

[2] It is time to rethink our understanding of gender, to move away from the notion that men and women have two contrasting styles of interaction that were acquired in childhood. We need to move from a conceptualization of gender as an attribute or style of behavior to an understanding of gender as something people do in social interaction. As a noted scholar proposes, “None of us is feminine or is masculine or fails to be either of those. In particular contexts people do feminine, in others, they do masculine.” People display contradictory behaviors as they encounter different social norms and pressures.

[3] Some researchers view male-female conversations as cross-cultural communication. The two-cultures approach postulates that difficulties in communication between men and women arise because of a clash of conversational styles. But this approach has a number of limitations. First, the coherence of male and female subcultures in childhood has been exaggerated. We arrive at a contrasting picture of the cultures of boys and girls only by singling out those children who fit common gender stereotypes and marginalizing others. We fail to notice the children who do not fit those stereotypes-for example, boys who excel at caring for younger siblings or girls who enjoy building things in shop class. Second, although children may choose same sex playmates as preferred partners, they interact daily inside and outside school with the opposite sex. Children have countless experiences communicating with people of both sexes: they do not learn to communicate in gender-segregated worlds. They learn to display different styles of interaction in different contexts: they do not learn a single gender-related style. The same child may display dominance and give orders to a younger playmate but show deference and follow orders from an older friend.

1 The two passages differ most on which topic?

A. Whether boys and girls communicate in gender specific patterns

B. Whether important social behavior is learned in childhood

C. Whether adult conversational styles can be studied systematically

D. Whether gender prays a role in determining a child’s playtime activities

E. Whether society concerns itself with the concept of gender roles

2 The primary purpose of Passage 1 is to _______.

A. present a historical overview of a controversy

B. acknowledge previous errors in thinking

C. urge changes in organized activities provided for children

D. assert the value of a particular approach to an issue

E. downplay the significance of a recent discovery

3 Passage 1 makes which suggestion about the work of “some scholars” (Paragraph 1)?

A. It will become widely accepted in the scientific community.

B. It is well intentioned but misguided.

C. It attempts to be objective but does not succeed.

D. It puts forth a convincing theory.

E. It could be used to excuse injustice in a society.

4 Passage 1 argues that “recognizing gender differences” (Paragraph 2) would most likely _______.

A. cause people to exaggerate their similarities when communicating with one another

B. lead to further dissatisfaction in Conversations among friends and relatives

C. promote the equal treatment of distinct social groups

D. relieve individuals of much of the blame for problems in relationships

E. affect the way that future research on gender is conducted

5 In (“Little girls….relationships”, Paragraph 3), the author of Passage 1 assumes that for girls, a primary function of communication is to _______.

A. foster a sense of intimacy between speaker and listener

B. establish a set of conversational rules shared by speaker and listener

C. convey information previously unknown by the listener

D. promote nostalgic feelings about past friendships

E. create an objective atmosphere for personal discussions

6 The author of Passage 2 would most likely challenge the claim made in Paragraph 3 of Passage 1 (“The sociolinguistic…communication”) by arguing that _____.

A. children do not grow up in single-gender cultures

B. children may become skilled at deceiving adults

C. gender differences are impossible to assess scientifically

D. there is less conflict between men and women than sociologists assume

E. children’s behaviors have changed dramatically in recent years

7 The sentence in Paragraph 1 of Passage 2 (“First…expectation”) primarily emphasizes which damaging effect of gender stereotypes?

A. They may offend the person being stereotyped.

B. They may distort our observations of people we meet.

C. They have been used to justify gender inequality.

D. They commonly cause miscommunication between men anti women.

E. They reflect negatively on those who believe in them.

8 The assumptions underlying the research work described in Paragraph l of Passage 2 (“Some researchers attempt to … to one another better”) are most similar to the assumptions held by the _____.

A. “scholars” underlined in Paragraph 1 of Passage 1

B. “women and men” underlined in Paragraph 2 of Passage 1

C. “noted scholar” underlined in Paragraph 2 of Passage 2

D. author of Passage 1

E. author of Passage 2

9 The quotation in Paragraph 2 of Passage 2 (“None… masculine”) primarily serves to_____.

A. introduce a personal experience

B. provide a typical example

C. elaborate on an idea

D. signal a change in topic

E. offer recent research data

10 Passage 2 suggests that some scholars construct “a contrasting picture of the cultures of boys and girls (Paragraph 3 of Passage 2) by studying children whose

A. readiness to interact with strangers is apparent

B. demand for approval from adults is particularly strong

C. rebellion against authority results in creative behavior

D. personalities are highly idiosyncratic

E. actions correspond to a narrow preconception of behavior

11 The author of Passage 2 implies that the “boys” underlined in Paragraph 3 of Passage 2 and the “child” underlined in Paragraph 3 of Passage 2 resemble one another in that they _____.

A. have not learned to imitate adult behaviors

B. refuse to get along with their peers

C. do not conform to traditional gender stereotypes

D. openly mock adult expectations about their behavior

E. communicate primarily with children of their own gender

12 Which of the following best characterizes the ideas about gender communication styles as they are presented in the two passages?

A. Passage 1 argues that styles are based on competition, while Passage 2 suggests that they are a form of cooperation.

B. Passage 1 argues that styles are a burden, while Passage 2 implies that they can help facilitate relationships between men and women.

C. Passage 1 claims that styles are semantic, while Passage 2 suggests that they are whimsical.

D. Passage 1 suggests that styles are constant, while Passage 2 argues that they are fluid.

E. Passage 1 states that styles are random, while Passage 2 indicates that their patterns become obvious upon closer scrutiny.

【答案与解析】

1 A  第一篇文章第三段中说“talk between women and men is actually cross-cultural communication”，由第二篇文章第三段可知，作者认为这种观点有一些局限性。因此两篇文章的主要差异在于男孩和女孩是否在特定性别模式下进行交流。

2 D  由第一篇文章可知，尽管作者很理解并同情那些希望男女之间没有差别的人，但作者相信在说话的方式上存在性别差异，我们需要识别并理解它们。

3 B  第一篇说到一些学者“reluctant to show ways in which…’justify’ unequal treatment”。作者认为那些学者的本意是好的，但却不同意他们的观点。作者显然认为承认性别差异有助于人们与异性交往。

4 D  第一篇关于性别差异的方法涉及男性和女性与配偶、兄弟姐妹和朋友的亲密关系。根据这篇文章，“recognizing gender differences in conversational styles would free individuals from the burden of an inappropriate sense of being at fault”。也就是说这种认识会让人们避免因性别误解而责备自己(或他人)。

5 A  第一篇文章描述了女孩如何通过交流寻求与他人建立亲密关系：小女孩在谈话中强调“displaying similarities and matching experiences”。这篇文章指出，对于女孩来说，语言的目的是“establishing connection and negotiating relationships”。

6 A  第一篇文章提出“boys and girls grow up in what are essentially different cultures”，因此任何挑战都必须直接解决这一要求。第二篇文章的作者说，孩子们有“countless experiences communicating with people of both sexes”。因此第二篇文章的作者会认为儿童在单一性别文化中不会成长。

7 B  根据作者的观点，刻板印象“may dictate what we notice and bias our perceptions in the direction of expectation”。换句话说，当我们遇到别人时，性别刻板印象可能会导致我们去寻找那些我们所期望的品质，并把注意力集中在这些品质而不是别的东西上。这些刻板印象使人们很难用公平公正的眼光去观察人们；他们扭曲了我们对人的看法。

8 D  题干中提到的研究者的假设与第一篇作者的观点非常相似。双方都想“to elucidate gender differences in order to help women and men understand and respond to each other better.”正如第一篇的作者所说，“it is clear to me that recognizing gender differences in conversational styles would free individuals from the burden of an inappropriate sense of being at fault”。

9 C  这句话前面的句子认为，我们需要把性别看作是“as something people do in social interaction”。引文指出，“in particular contexts people do feminine, in others, they do masculine,”这一观点阐述了人们的行为是由情境而不是性别决定的。

10 E  根据第二篇文章，为了突出男孩和女孩之间的差异，一些学者“singling out those children who fit common gender stereotypes and marginalizing others”。通过研究那些倾向于按照刻板印象行事的孩子，或者“narrow preconceptions of behavior”，这些学者的研究成果中突出显示男孩和女孩的文化差异。

11 C  作者以这些孩子为例，说明他们不符合传统的性别观念。作者指出，“boys who excel at caring for younger siblings”的男孩们与女孩有更多的联系。同样的，一个孩子对年轻的玩伴表现出支配倾向，而尊重一个年长朋友，他的这种行为是由情况而不是性别来决定的。

12 D  根据第一篇文章，沟通方式是由性别决定的，因此是固定的和可预测的。作者说：“I believe that there are gender differences in ways of speaking, and we need to identify and understand them”。第二篇文章说，性别沟通方式是不固定的，根据个人和情况而变化：“people display contradictory behaviors as they encounter different social norms and pressures”。

四、解释理解题（每题2分，总共10分）

Directions: Explain in English how you understand the following sayings and quotes.

1 It is always safe to learn, even from our enemies; seldom safe to venture to instruct, even our friends.

—Charles·Caleb Colton

【答案】Learn from others is always a safe behavior. But to instruct others are always not safe, because not everyone is willing to be instructed.

【解析】学习总是安全的，哪怕是向敌人学习；教育别人却要冒风险，哪怕是教育朋友。

2 To know that we know what we know, and to know that we do not know what we do not know, that is true knowledge.—Nicolaus·Copernicus

【答案】If we know what we know and what we do not know, we have the true knowledge.

【解析】这句话可意译为“知之为知之，不知为不知，是知也。”

3 Dictionary is the only place that success comes before work.

【答案】In dictionary, the word “success” is sorted before “work”. But in real life, success can only be gained by work.

【解析】在字典里，成功比工作排得靠前。但是在生活中，只有通过努力工作才能获得成功。

4 The difference between school and life? In school, you’re taught a lesson and then given a test. In life, you’re given a test that teaches you a lesson.

—Tom·Bodett

【答案】In school, we learn the knowledge and then practice. But in life, failure is our teacher. We practice first and then know how it works.

【解析】学校与生活的区别是什么？在学校，先上课后考试。在生活中则是先接受考验然后再学到知识。

5 I have as much authority as the Pope; I just don’t have as many people who believe it.

—George·Carlin

【答案】The difference between the Pope and I is that I have less advocates, but we have the same quantity of authority.

【解析】教皇的信徒和拥护者众多，而我们的区别就在于我的拥护者少，然而我们拥有的权利是一样多的。

五、完形填空（每题一分，总共15分）

What __1__? Various remedies are in vogue, none efficacious, indeed-that is my point-all deleterious. There is nothing for it but burning nine-tenths of the stuff. For consider these remedies.

First, of course, comes the man who simply gives __2__, who says: “I haven’t the time,” and goes under. Virtue, they say, is its own reward. Not for him. He tries to pass it off blusteringly but he is ashamed of himself __3__ death.

Second is the man who, swindler though he be, yet __4__ applause as paying back the “everyone” journalist in his own base coin. He defines in his mind the little patch of literature that he can read, then condemns all the rest __5__ general grounds evolving a formula which shall be vaguely tenable and shall vaguely absolve him. An eager youth asks: “Pray, Sir, what is your opinion of Mrs. Virginia Woolf?” He replies: “No opinion of mine, my dear Guildenstern, would be of much use to you, __6__ Mrs. Woolf. I fear I am an old fogey. These modern people seem to me to have lost their way. Fielding and Jane Austen are good enough for me.” Guildenstern retires, suitably abashed, and vaguely __7__ Mrs. Woolf with Mrs. Bertram Atkey, Alice Meynell with Ella Wheeler Wilcox.

The third man gallantly faces the insoluble problem by __8__ the fashion. Setting his jaw, he specialises in the modems of whom one reads most in the Times Literary Supplement. Feverishly, he cons the work of all authors enshrined in that austere mausoleum; feverishly, because he may at any moment be caught napping by __9__. This third section forms the bulk of the educated class. Members are everywhere and spoil everything. Literature has two great uses: The fundamental use is that it creates and satisfies a keener taste for life; the superficial use is that it  __10_ a precious social amenity. Our third man not only knows nothing of the first; he ruins the second. Decent people converse about books with a view __11__ common ground and exchanging delight (deep or frivolous) thereon. But the Third Man is mostly anti-social. He selects some voluminous author and catechises his victim till he has found a work which the victim has not read. With a hoot of joyous disgust he leaps upon the confession and extols the unread book as the finest of the list. Such a man will always be found smacking his lips in public over Stevenson’s “Wrong Box” to Lewis Carroll’s “Sylvie and Bruno.” Chief of this tribe, apparently, was no less a person than Coleridge, of whom Hazlitt reports: “He did not speak of his [Butler’s] ‘Analogy,’ but of his ‘Sermons at the Rolls Chapel,’ of which I had never heard. Coleridge somehow always contrived to prefer the unknown to the known.” Exactly; for the great aims of __12__ people are (1) to avoid being scored off; (2) to score off __13__. It is this ignoble competition which has ruined taste, for __14__ it on we must need to follow the crowd. It would never __15__ to enter a room full of persons discussing Masefield or Walter de la Mare and explain wistfully: “I’ve been reading Whittier all day.” Masefield and de la Mare are good-yes maybe; but we keep up with them not for that reason, but because they are the gods of the literary Weeklies. Our notion that commerce is the first of human activities has ruined noble art of reading; for though competition is the life of trade it is the death of social intercourse and of social arts. The greatest things in life flourish by being shared, not by being monopolised.

1 A. is to do

B. is done

C. is it done

D. is to be done

2 A. in

B. up

C. away

D. way

3 A. at

B. by

C. till

D. with

4 A. attracts

B. merits

C. wins

D. owns

5 A. in

B. by

C. with

D. on

6 A. in regards

B. regard

C. regards

D. regarding to

7 A. classifying

B. classing

C. comparing

D. agreeing

8 A. fighting

B. going

C. following

D. viewing

9 A. some more alert practitioner

B. some more alert practitioners

C. any more alert practitioner

D. any more alert practitioners

10 A. provides

B. furbishes

C. runs

D. decorates

11 A. to find

B. to finding

C. of finding

D. so as to find

12 A. the

B. those

C. that

D. such

13 A. other

B. any other

C. others

D. another

14 A. carrying

B. to carry

C. if carrying

D. by carrying

15 A. work

B. be true

C. do

D. be easy

【答案与解析】

1 D  根据后面的“remedies”可知，前面在问“该做些什么呢”，因此应该用“to be done”表示将来，同时又是被动。

2 B  根据后文“go under”可知，空白处的意思应该是消极的，因此B项正确。

3 C  句意：对于自己愤怒地放弃读书这件事，他将终生为此感到耻辱。

4 B  句意：第二类人尽管狡诈，但他们给了那些“每个人都该读的”作家点颜色瞧，这一点值得称赞。merit作动词时是“值得”的意思。

5 D  句意：他在心中挑选出自己能读的一小类文章，然后形成了一种勉强站得住脚而且勉强能免除自己责任的通用标准，他用这个标准来谴责所有其他的文章。“on grounds of”以……为理由。

6 D  句意：我亲爱的盖登思邓，关于伍尔芙夫人恐怕我的意见对你没什么用。“关于”可表达为“regard to”，“in regards to”或者“as regards”。

7 B  根据句意可知空白处的意思为“分类”。“classify”与“class”的区别在于，“classify”的分类是自然中已经存在的规则，而“class”的标准是分类者自己设的。这句话中为盖登思邓自己的分类，因此“class”符合题意。

8 C  句意：第三类人勇敢地直面难题，紧跟潮流。“follow the fashion”追随时尚。

9 A  句意：他疯狂背下所有被推崇作家的作品，担心一不留神被哪个更机灵的人比了下去。

10 A  句意：文学有两大作用：基本的用途是创造并满足了对生活的渴望；肤浅一点的是为社会生活带来了乐趣。根据句意可知，空白处单词应该比“creates and satisfies”更基础。“furbish”刷新。

11 B  句意：正派的人谈论书籍是为了寻求共识并分享趣味，不论雅俗。“with a view to doing”为固定搭配，意思是“目的在于”。

12 D  句意：这类人的理想正是：（1）不被驳倒；（2）驳倒他人。空白处可填“these”或者“such”，因此D项正确。

13 C  根据前一题句意可知，（2）的意思应该与（1）的意思相反，因此C项正确。

14 B  句意：这是一场不光彩的竞争，它毁了我们的品味，因为我们必须要随大流。这句话后半句正常语序为“for we must need to follow the crowd to carry it on”，“carry it on”为目的状语，因此用“to do”的形式。

15 C  句意：去一个满屋子人都在讨论Masefield和Walter de la Mare的房间骄傲地说：“我读了一整天Whittier”，没人会搭理你。“it would never do to…”某事是行不通的。

六、改错题（每题1分，总共15分）

Direction: Read the following text carefully and correct the mistake in each underlined and numbered sentence. Remember, there is one mistake in each underlined and numbered sentence.

Analysis of more than a hundred thousand documents recently leaked by a disgruntled elf has revealed several surprising facts about the North Pole’s most famous citizen.(1)

Santa and several top elves colluded to circumvent a ban to Chinese-made toys, despite pressure from the North Pole community to deliver only toys made locally.(2)

Santa has, over the years, acted to undermine potential successors, privately disparaging one of his nephews as “lazy,” another as “not really committed to the whole Christmas thing,” and yet another as “incapable to grow a beard of the appropriate size, if you know what I mean.”(3)

Senior North Pole officials were astonished when an elf in Santa’s cabinet proposed halting a long-standing program monitored pouting and crying. (4)“For years, we’ve been telling people that they’d better not to do this,” one said in a confidential cable, “and now we’re removing all restrictions? What’s next? Decriminalizing the failure to watch out?”(5)

After Santa suffering a serious hip injury, in the late seventies, the Prime Minister of Norway offered him access to several chimneys to conduct entrance and egress exercises.(6)

A reported mix up in 2004 that brought eleven-year-old Jack Keller, of Seattle, a book of math games rather of a football was not accidental: Santa was sending a message. (7)

During home visits last Christmas, Santa spied in the C.E.O.s of several Fortune 500 companies, and collected personal data including but not limited to credit-card and frequent-flier numbers.(8)

The song “I Saw Mommy Kissing Santa Claus” has more basis in truth than was previously thought of;(9) elves worried for years about Santa’s philander, which began to decrease only recently, after Mrs. Claus discovered an illicit text message from an Arizona school-board member.(10)

Santa doesn’t enjoy going to certain St. Louis suburbs. “They just give me the creeps,” he told one top elf.

Most cookies left out for Santa end up to be fed to the reindeer. (11)

In 2007, Santa suppressed delivery of gifts to more than a thousand residents of Los Angeles as a result of his displeasure with the movie “Fred Claus.”(12)

Just this year, Santa accepted a payment of twelve million dollars to keep Charlie Sheen in the “nice” list. (13)

A potential environmental disaster was kept secret by the North Pole in 2008, after a large bag filled with painted blocks from Vietnam fell from Santa’s sleigh into Anglezarke reservoir, in Lancashire, raising fears of lead contamination.(14) Elves with scuba gear and flashlights were sent in to retrieve the blocks under cover of night.

Contrary to popular belief, Santa cannot really tell where you’re sleeping or when you’re awake, but he will fly into a rage if his ability to do so is questioned. (15)

【答案与解析】

1 Analysis→An analysis

（analysis为可数名词，根据后文“has revealed”可知其为单数，因此应该增加冠词an。）

2 a ban to→a ban on

（a ban on关于……的禁令。）

3 to grow→of growing

（be incapable of doing没有做某事的能力。）

4 monitored→monitoring

（program后的成分为定语，“program”与“monitor”之间为主动关系，因此应用现在分词形式。）

5去掉to

（you’d better not do你最好不要做某事。）

6 suffering→suffered

（“after…”为句子的状语，“圣诞老人的髋关节严重损伤”发生在过去，应该用过去时。）

7 rather→instead

（2004年，有报道称，为西雅图11岁的杰克·凯勒送去一本数学游戏书而不是足球这一事件并不是个意外：圣诞老人在传达某种信息。因此可将rather改为instead或将of改为than。）

8 in→on

（spy on秘密监视……的活动。）

9 去掉of

（句意：这首歌比以前想象的有更多的现实依据。think of是“记起，想起”的意思，不符合句意。）

10 philander→philandering

（philander为动词，意思是玩弄女性；轻率地对待。philandering为名词。）

11 to be→being

（end up doing以……而告终。）

12 suppressed∧delivery→the

（这句话中“delivery of gifts”特指为洛杉矶居民送去的礼物，因此“delivery”前应加定冠词the。）

13 in→on

（“在名单上”应表达为“on the list”。）

14 into ∧Anglezarke→the

（“the Anglezarke reservoir”意思是“Anglezarke”水库，为专有名词，因此前应该有the。）

15 where→when

（根据“sleeping”和“awake”可知，or前后的从句都应该用when引导。）

七、写作（总共20分）

Direction: Write in English to tell us what you have in mind when you compare and contrast the following translation equivalents: 400 words.

Wife

1、配偶 2、妻子 3、老婆 4、夫人 5、太太 6、爱人 7、内人 8、媳妇 9、那口子 10、拙荆 11、贤内助 12、老伴 13、孩子他妈 14、孩子他娘 15、内子 16、婆娘 17、糟糠18、宝贝 19、小甜甜 20、蜜糖 21、贱内 22、达令 23、女人 24、马子 25、主妇 26、女主人 27、财政部长 28、浑人29、娘子 30、大姐 31、家属 32、屋里的 33、另一半34、女当家的 35、发妻 36、浑家 37、堂客 38、山妻 39、婆姨 40、中馈

I

俺、俺们、本人、鄙人、敝人、不肖、不才、老子、某、依、仆、乃公、人家、我等、我、我们、我辈、我依、我曹、吾、吾们、吾济、吾辈、吾曹、小生、小人、小字、小可、小的、余、予、在下、洒家、咱、朕、寡人、孤、奴才、臣

【参考范文】

The fact that an English word can be translated to so many Chinese words shows a vast difference between two cultures. Language is not only a tool for expressing and communicating, but also a carrier of culture and a major part of culture. Thus a translator should not merely translate a word to a certain meaning in all contexts.

These words reflect a profound Chinese culture. Chinese language and culture is both profound and expressive. For equivalents in the direction, on the one hand, they succeed the orthodoxy of traditional culture, reflecting interesting psychological characteristics; on the other hand, they change with the progress of society and are endowed with new meanings. Language can really reflect a country’s ecological region, material culture, religion, customs and so on. Different languages determine different ways of thinking, behavior, and expression. Therefore, there is inevitably a huge cultural difference in the language, resulting in a certain amount of cultural-loaded words.

Language is a direct reflection of thought. Particularly, vocabularies are the most sensitive emblem of the change of social life and social thought. It is also the cultural label of a person or a society. With the rapid development of our country, Chinese culture’s influence on local and world culture will be more and more impressive. Words of Chinese culture will blend into the western language. Translation is a matter of two languages as well as two cultures. The translation of language should base on not only the superficial meaning, but also the mutual communication of two different cultures.

In light of cultural differences, translators need to take notice of various contexts. For translation equivalents in the direction, some of them are words which can only be used in the first-person narration; some are determined by receivers; and some can only be used in a certain historical backgrounds. Therefore, translators need to fully understand the background and context of source text. Translation is not merely the equivalent of the meaning, but also the emotion and culture. The translator is the bridge between two cultures. They are supposed to deliver as much information in the source text to receivers as possible, including some implication and emotions. If there is no corresponding definition or words in another culture, translators can explain with notes.

Each language is a way of seeing and reflecting delicate nuances of cultural perceptions And it is the translator who not only rebuilds the equivalencies of words across different cultures but also reflects and transplants the emotion of another culture.

【解析】

本题要求就题目给出的一系列翻译对等词发表自己的看法。

作者第一段指出两种文化之间存在巨大差异，语言不仅是交流的工具，也是文化的载体。因此译者在翻译时应该根据不同的语境采取不同的翻译策略。文章第二段和第三段指出语言可以反映一个国家的状况及风俗等。不同的语言决定不同的思维方式、行为方式和表达方式。第四段指出不仅仅是意思的对等，还要传达情感与文化。最后一段对全文进行了总结。

更多内容，请点击获取：
http://shuyue.100xuexi.com/Ebook/969257.html