四川大学638基础英语考研真题及辅导用书

考研真题

1. 四川大学外国语学院《638基础英语》历年考研真题汇总（含部分答案）

2. 全国名校基础英语考研真题

考研指导书

1. 2026年考研基础英语专用教材

2. 2026年基础英语考研题库

四川大学外国语学院《638基础英语》历年考研真题汇总（含部分答案）

书籍目录

部分内容

2007年四川大学《638基础英语》考研真题及详解

Part One Reading Comprehension (40 points)

Ⅰ. Cloze Test (10 points)

Choose one of the four answers marked A, B, C, D to complete the article. Write your answer on the answer sheet. Be sure that the number of the answers is in agreement with the number of the blanks.

It is well known that teenage boys tend to do better (1) math than girls, that male high school students are more likely than their female counterparts (2) advanced math courses like calculus, that virtually all the great mathematicians (3) men. Are women born with (4) mathematical ability? Or does society’s sexism slow their progress? In 1980 two Johns Hopkins University researchers tried (5) the eternal nature /nurture debate. Julian Stanley and Camilla Benhow (6) 10,000 talented seventh-and eighth-graders between 1972 and 1979. Using the Scholastic Aptitude Test, in which math questions (7) to measure ability rather than knowledge, they discovered (8) sex differences. (9) the verbal abilities of the males and females (10) differed, (11) girls scored over 500 (on a scale of 200 to 800) (12)mathematical ability; at the 700 level, the ratio was 14 to l. The conclusion: males have (13)  superior mathematical reasoning ability.

Benhow and Stanley’s findings, (14) were published in “Science”, disturbed some men and (15) women. Now there is (16) for those people in a new study from the University of Chicago that suggests math (17) not, after all, a natural male domain. Prof. Zalman Usiskin studied 1,366 tenth-graders. They were selected from (18) classes and tested on their ability to solve geometry proofs, a subject requiring (19) abstract reasoning and spatial ability. The conclusion (20) by Usiskin: there are no sex differences in math ability.

【答案与解析】

1A  at表“在…方面”。

2C  be likely to do sth. 有可能做某事，因此选C。

3B 根据时态一致原则，应选用现在时，因此排除选项D。选项C过于绝对。选项A只表明可能性，与客观事实不符。

4B  ability为不可数名词，排除CD，A中的smaller一般用来表示体积、数量少，而不表能力大小，因此选B。

5A  settle a debate 表示调解争辩，try to do sth 表示努力、设法做某事，而try doing sth.表示试着做某事，在此处大学研究员不应只抱有尝试的态度而是努力设法去解决这样的争辩，所以选A。

6D  此处主语为两个研究员，因此应使用主动态，排除A；事件发生在过去因此排除B；1972和1979年之间，因此不会使用进行时；所以选用过去完成时。

7A  短语“be meant to”表示“有意要，打算”math questions are meant to measure ability（研究员）设计一些数学题来估量能力。因此选A。

8A  下文讲到：“男生得分超过500的人数是女生的两倍，得分超过700分的男女人数比例更达到14:1”，因此很容易看出这种男女差别是很明显的。 “distinct” 意为“清楚的，明显的”；“instinct”意为“本能”； “.remote” 意为“细微的”；“vague”意为“含糊的、不清楚的”。因此，答案选A。

9D  此处是用男女的verbal ability差别不大和后面的男女在数学能力的明显差别做对比。While表示转折，Since，As都表示原因，However虽也表示转折但它一般用于两个有转折关系的句子之间。因此选D。

10D  （参考第9题解析），scarcely not 双重否定表肯定，virtually事实上。largely很大程度上。 hardly几乎不。因此，选D。

11C  倍数表达法：倍数+ as+形容词+ as+名词，因此选C。

12A  score… on mathematical ability 表示在数学能力上得分……，因此选A。

13C  superficially肤浅地，浅薄地。universally普遍地。inherently天性地，固有地。initially最初，开头。根据句意应是“男性天生数学推理能力就比女性强。”因此选择C。

14C  此处为which引导的非限定性定语从句（有逗号隔开的），that只能引导限定性定语从句。因此选C。

15B  根据上下文，这项研究结果显示的是男性数学推理能力生来就比女性强，因此应该是给相当多的女性带来困扰。选项A、C、D都表示“很少，几乎没有”，B中短语not a few 表示“相当多的”，因此选B。

16C  belief信念，信仰。dismay沮丧。comfort安慰。courage勇气。根据下文，一项新的研究表明，在数学能力上不存在性别差异，因此与前面研究结果带给部分男女困扰的事实相反，新的研究结果应该对这部分人来说是一种安慰。因此，选择C。

17D  suggest后接that引导的从句有两种形式，一种为suggest+从句主语+(should)+动词原形，另一种为suggest+从句主语+动词（动词时态与主句时态一致）。但在这两种形式中suggest的意义不同，前者意为“建议”，后者意为“暗示，间接地表明”。因此根据句意，应取后一种，选D。

18C  下文明确指出是geometry，课程名一般使用名词形式而不用形容词形式，例如history class，所以选C。

19D  both… and…固定搭配，从句意上也可以选出两种能力都需要，答案为D。

20C  reach a conclusion 固定短语搭配，意为“得出结论”，转换为被动态，即选C。

Ⅱ. Reading comprehension (30 points)

In this section there are three passages followed by a total of fifteen multiple-choice questions. Read the passages and write your answer on the answer sheet.

Passage 1

In addition to urge to conform which we generate ourselves, there is the external pressure of the various formal and informal groups we belong to, the pressure to back their ideas and attitudes and to imitate their actions. Thus our urge to conform receives continuing, even daily reinforcement. To be sure, the intensity of the reinforcement, like the strength of the urge and the ability and inclination to withstand it, differs widely among individuals. Yet some pressure is present for everyone. And in one way or another, to some extent, everyone yields to it.

It is possible that a new member of a temperance group might object the group’s rigid insistence that all drinking of alcoholic beverages is wrong He might even speak out, reminding them that occasional, moderate drinking is not harmful, that even the Bible speaks approvingly of it. But the group may quickly let him know that such ideas are unwelcome in their presence. Every time he forgets this, he will be made to feel uncomfortable. In time, if he values their companionship he will avoid expressing that point of view. He may even keep himself from thinking.

This kind of pressure, whether spoken or unspoken, can be generated by any group, regardless of how liberal or conservative, formal or casual it may be. Friday night poker clubs, churches, political parties, committees, fraternities, unions. The teenage gang that steals automobile accessories may seem to have no taboos. But let one uneasy member remark that he is beginning to feel guilty about his crimes and their wrath will descend on him.

Similarly, in high school and college, the crowd a student travels with has certain (usually unstated) expectations for its members. If they drink or smoke, they will often make the member who does not do so feel that he doesn’t fully belong. If a member does not share their views on sex, drugs, studying, cheating, or any other subject of importance to them, they will communicate their displeasure. The way they communicate, of course, may be more or less direct. They may tell him he’d better conform “or else”. They may launch a teasing campaign against him. Or they may be even less obvious and leave him out of their activities for a few days until he asks what is wrong or decides for himself and resolves to behave more like them.

The urge to conform on occasion conflicts with the tendency to resist change. If the group we are in advocates an idea or action that is new and strange to us, we can be torn between seeking their acceptance and maintaining the security of familiar ideas and behavior. In such .cases, the way we turn will depend on which tendency is stronger in us or which value we are more committed to. More often,-however, the two tendencies do not conflict but reinforce each other. For we tend to associate with those whose attitudes mid actions are similar to our own.

1 The writer most probably discusses ____ in the previous part of the text.

A. advantages that conformity brings us

B. internal urge we have to conform with others

C. the definition of conformity

D. the necessity of conformity

2 You may experience external pressure to conform ____.

A. when you conceal your points of view

B. from the time when you were born

C. when your opinions are different from those of the group to which you belong

D. when you face something new

3 A temperance group is ____.

A. an organization that advocates drinking of alcoholic beverages’

B. an organization that urges people to stop drinking alcoholic liquors

C. an organization in which all members have no taboos to drink alcoholic beverages

D. an organization in which all drivers are not allowed to drink alcoholic liquors

4 If you refuse to give up your ideas which are different from the others in the group you belong to, ____.

A. you will be tom apart by the others

B. their wrath will descend on you

C. you will gradually be deserted by them

D. you will resolve to behave more like them

5 The main topic of this text is ____.

A. the external pressure which urges us to conform with others

B. both the internal and external urge we have to conform with others

C. the urge and the tendency for us to conform with others

D. the generation of the external urge for us to conform with others

【答案与解析】

1B  从第一段的 “In addition to urge to conform which we generate ourselves, there is the external pressure…” “除了我们自身产生的顺应他人的推动力以外，还有外在的压力……”可以得出作者在此之前讨论的是B“顺应他人的内在推动力”

2C  第二段举出了一个例子：一个禁酒组织的新成员可能因为不赞成这个组织严格坚持认为所有的饮酒行为都是错误的这个观点而提出异议，但团体会让他很快知道这种不同的观点是不受欢迎的。因此可以得出答案C“当你的意见和你所属的团体意见不同时”，你会感到顺应大势所带来的外部压力。

3B  “temperance”的意思为“节欲, 戒酒, 禁酒”，如果不清楚这个词的意思也可以从第二段的“the group’s rigid insistence that all drinking of alcoholic beverages is wrong”“这个组织严格坚持认为所有的饮酒行为都是错误的”，因此，不难选出答案B“禁酒组织是一个激励人们停止饮酒的组织”。

4C  从第二段和第三段的两个例子可以看出，当你拒绝放弃自己的与集体不同的观点时， “he will be made to feel uncomfortable” “their wrath will descend on him.”, 大家会“让他感到不安”或“用愤怒袭击他”。因此，选C项“你会渐渐被他们所疏远。”

5A  结合整篇文章内容，抓住关键词中心句：第一段的第一句话，就可以得出整篇文章主要讲的就是选项A“促使我们顺应他人的外在压力”。

Passage 2

The world is going through the biggest wave of mergers and acquisitions ever witnessed. The process sweeps from hyperactive America to Europe and reaches the emerging countries with unsurpassed might. Many in these countries are looking at this process and worrying: “Won’t the wave of business concentration turn into an uncontrollable anti-competitive force?”

There’s no question that the big are getting bigger and more powerful. Multinational corporations accounted for less than 20% of international trade in 1982. Today the figure is more than 25% and growing rapidly. International affiliates account for a fast-growing segment of production in economies that open up and welcome foreign investment. In Argentina, for instance, after the reforms of the early 1990s, multinationals went from 43% to almost 70% of the industrial production of the 200 largest firms. This phenomenon has created serious concerns over the role of smaller economic firms, of national businessmen and over the ultimate stability, of the world economy.

I believe that the most important forces behind the massive M&A wave are the same that underlie the globalization process: falling transportation, and communication costs, lower trade and investment barriers and enlarged markets that require enlarged operations capable of meeting customers’ demands. All these are beneficial, not detrimental to consumers. As productivity grows, the world’s wealth increases.

Examples of benefits or costs of the current concentration-wave are scanty. Yet it is hard to imagine that the merge of a few oil firms today could recreate the same threats to competition that were feared nearly a century ago in the U.S., when the Standard Oil trust was broken up. The mergers of telecom companies, such as World Corn, hardly seem to bring higher prices for consumers or a reduction in the pace of technical progress. On the contrary, the price of communications is coming down fast. In cars, too, concentration is increasing—witness Daimler and Chrysler, Renault and Nissan–but it does not appear that consumers am being hurt.

Yet the fact remains that the merger movement must be watched. A few weeks ago, Alan Greenspan warned against the megamergers in the banking industry. Who is going to supervise, regulate and operate, as lender of last resort with the gigantic banks that are being created? won’t multinationals shift production from one place to another when a nation gets too strict about infringements to fair corn petition? And should one country take upon itself the role of “defending competition” on issues that affect many other nations, as in the U.S.

6 What is the typical trend, of businesses today?

A. To take in more foreign funds.

B. To invest-more abroad.

C. To combine and become bigger.

D. To trade with more, countries.

7 According to the author, one of the driving forces behind M&A wave is ____.

A. the greater customers’ demands

B. a surplus supply for the market

C. growing productivity

D. the increase of the world’s wealth

8 From Paragraph 4 we can infer that ____.

A. the increasing concentration is certain to hurt consumers

B. World Corn serves as a good example of both benefits and costs

C. the costs of the globalization process are enormous

D. the Standard Oil trust might have threatened competition

9 Toward the new business wave, the writer’s attitude can be said to be ____.

A. optimistic

B. objective

C. pessimistic

D. biased

10 What is the best title of this passage?

A. M&A Wave in Argentina.

B. Disadvantages of the Merger Movement.

C. M&A Wave around the World.

D. Benefits of M&A Wave.

【答案与解析】

6C  第一段第1句话指出，“世界正在经历一波前所未有的合并-并购大浪潮”，因此，当今商业的典型趋势为C选项“合并壮大”。

7A  第三段指出 the most important forces behind the massive M&A wave are… and enlarged markets that require enlarged operations capable of meeting customers’ demands.“合并-并购大浪潮背后的推动力是…以及扩大的市场要求扩大操作以能够满足消费者的需求。”B项在第三段中并没有体现。C项、D项不是原因而是结果。因此，选择C答案。

8D  根据第四段“Yet it is hard to imagine that the merge of a few oil …when the Standard Oil trust was broken up”“很难想象如今一些石油公司的合并会再次给竞争带来威胁。而这种威胁在一个世纪前标准石油垄断被打破时就引起美国的担忧了。”因此可以得出答案为D项“标准石油垄断可能威胁到了竞争”。

9B  从全文内容看，作者分析了这种商业浪潮的利弊，这种全面分析体现了作者评述的客观性。

10C  选项C概括较全面，整篇文章着重分析的就是全世界范围内的合并—并购浪潮。

Passage 3

Discussion of the assimilation of Puerto Ricans in the United States has focused on two factors: social standing and the loss of national culture. In general, excessive stress is placed on one factor or the other, depending on whether fine commentator is North American or Puerto Rica. Many American social scientists, such as Oscar Handlin, Joseph Fitzpatrick, and Oscar Lewis, consider Puerto Ricans as the most recent in a long line of ethnic entrants to occupy the lowest rung on the social ladder. Such a “socio-demographic” approach tends to regard assimilation as a benign process, taking for granted increased economic advantage and inevitable cultural integration, in a supposedly egalitarian context. However, this approach fails to take into account the colonial nature of the Puerto Rican case, with this group, unlike their European predecessors, coming from a nation politically subordinated to the United States. Even the “radical” critiques of this mainstream research model, such as the critique developed in Divided Society, attach the issue of ethnic assimilation too mechanically to factors of economic and social mobility, and are thus unable to illuminate the cultural subordination of Puerto Ricans as a colonial minority.

In contrasts, the “Colonialist” approach of island-based writers such as Eduardo Seda-Bonilla, Manuel Maldonado-Denis, and Lius Nieves-Falcon tends to view assimilation as the forced loss of national culture in an unequal contest with imposed foreign values. There is, of course, a strong tradition of culture accommodation among other Puerto Rican thinkers. The writings of Eugenio Fernandez Mendez clearly exemplify this tradition, and many supporters of Puerto Rico’s commonwealth status share the same universalizing orientation. But the-Puerto Rican intellectuals who have written most about the assimilation process in the United States all advance cultural nationalist views, advocating the preservation of minority cultural distinctions and rejecting what they see as the subjugation of colonial nationalities-.

This cultural and political emphasis is appropriate, but the colonialist thinkers misdirect it, overlooking the class relations at work in both Puerto Rican and North American history. They pose the clash of national cultures as an absolute polarity, with each culture understood as static and undifferentiated. Yet both the Puerto Rican and North American traditions have been subject to constant challenge from cultural forces within their own societies; forces that may move toward each other in ways that cannot be written off as mere “assimilation”. Consider, for example, the indigenous and Afro-Caribbean traditions in Puerto Rican’ culture and how they influence and are influenced by other Caribbean cultures and Black cultures in the United States. The elements of Coercion and inequality, so central to cultural contact according to the colonialist framework, play no role in this kind of convergence of racially and ethnically different elements of the same class.

11 The author’s main purpose is to ____.

A. criticize the emphasis on social standing in discussions of the assimilation of Puerto Ricans in the United States

B. support the thesis that assimilation has not been a benign process for Puerto Ricans

C. defend a view of the assimilation of Puerto Ricans that emphasizes the preservation of national culture

D. indicate deficiencies in two schools of thought on the assimilation of Puerto Ricans in the United States

12 Culture accommodation is promoted by ____.

A. Eduardo Seda-Bonilla

B. Manuel Maldonado-Denis

C. The author of Divided Society

D. many supporters of Puerto Rico’s commonwealth status

13 A writer such as Eugenio Fernandez Mendez would most likely agree that ____.

A. it is necessary for the members of such groups to adapt to the culture of the majority

B. the members of such groups generally encounter a culture that is static and undifferentiated

C. social mobility is the most important feature of the experience of members of such groups

D. social scientists should emphasize the cultural and political aspects of the experience of members of such groups

14 The Puerto Rican writers who have written most about assimilation do NOT ____.

A. regard assimilation as benign

B. resist cultural integration

C. describe in detail the process of assimilation

D. take into account the colonial nature of the Puerto Rican case

15 The “colonialist” approach is so Called because its practitioners ____.

A. support Puerto Rico’s commonwealth status

B. have a strong tradition of culture accommodation

C. emphasize the class relations at work in both Puerto Rican and North American history

D. regard the political relation of Puerto Rico to the United States as a significant factor in the experience of Puerto Ricans

【答案与解析】

11D  从全文看主要讲了关于波多黎各人同化的两种观点,作者在讲每种观点时都同时分析了它们的不足之处。其他三个答案都只说明了一部分，不完整。

12D  第二段2、3句指出 “There is, of course, a strong tradition of culture accommodation among other Puerto Rican thinkers. …and many supporters of Puerto Rico’s commonwealth status share the same universalizing orientation” “在其他波多黎各思想家中存在一种文化融合的强大传统。……许多波多黎各联邦地位的支持者同样拥有这种普遍的倾向。”因此，答案为D。

13A  第二段中明确指出 “The writings of Eugenio Fernandez Mendez clearly exemplify this tradition.” “Eugenio Fernandez Mende在他的文章中明确为这一传统提供了例证。”因此，Eugenio Fernandez Mende支持culture accommodation即“文化融合”这一观念，与选项A观点一致，即“这种集体中的成员有必要去适应大多数人的文化”。因此，A项正确。

14A  从第二段最后一句话可以看出这些作家提出了文化民族主义观点，支持保护民族文化特点而且反对这样一种殖民国家的征服行为。因此，可以推出他们并不认为同化会产生有利的影响，即A答案。

15D  本题可以采用排除法，A、B项为支持“文化融合”的人的观点，从 “ the colonialist thinkers misdirect it, overlooking the class relations at work in both Puerto Rican and North American history”可以看到是 “overlook”“忽略”，而不是 “emphasize”“强调”，因此C也被排除。答案为D“认为波多黎各和美国的政治关系是影响波多黎各人经历的重要因素”。

Part Two English-Chinese Translation (30 points)

Translate the following passages into Chinese. Each translated passage will account for 15 points. Give the number of the passage on your answer sheet.

Passage 1

Schools should consider using signal-blocking devices to prevent pupils using mobile phone text messaging to cheat in examinations, a leading expert on exam fraud said yesterday.

Jean Underwood, a Professor of Psychology at Nottingham Trent University, said that although most of the debate on the use of new technology and cheating had focused on universities, the problem was likely to be more widespread in schools.

“The problems of academic dishonesty may be less well researched in the school system than in the tertiary education sector, but all the evidence points to the problem being both real and on a growing scale,” She said.

【参考译文】

昨天，一位研究考试欺诈的著名专家指出：为防止小学生在考试中用手机发送短信作弊，学校有必要考虑使用信号屏蔽设备。

诺丁汉特伦特大学心理学教授吉恩·安德伍德讲道，虽然关于使用新技术和考试作弊的争论一直针对大学，但在中小学该问题可能更为广泛。

她评述说：“或许在中小学校中对校园欺诈问题的研究，不及在高等教育部门中进行的深入，但种种迹象表明该问题的确存在并且有不断蔓延的趋势。”

Passage 2

As she sat facing the open window, she could see in the open square before her house the tops of trees that were all aquiver with the new spring life. The delicious breath of rain was in the air. In the street below a peddler was crying his wares. The notes of a distant song which some one was singing reached her faintly, and countless sparrows were twittering in the eaves. There were patches of blue sky showing here and there through the clouds that had met and piled one above the other in the west facing her window.

【参考译文】

她坐在敞开的窗前，能够看得见屋前广场上树木的顶部，那上面满是春天新生的躁动。空气中弥漫着甜美的雨的气息。楼下的街上，小贩正叫卖着他的陶器。远方的歌声隐约可闻，而屋檐下成群的麻雀也叽叽喳喳地闹着。西面的天空中，白云朵朵，层层叠叠，在间隙中不时露出片片湛蓝。

Part Three  Chinese-English Translation (30 points)

Translate the following passage into English:

当我们从文化的视角放眼全球之际，对本土文化的认同与对未来发展方向的选择成为首要问题。什么是中华文明的优良传统？什么是当今世界上的先进文化？只有把这些放到人类文明发展的大背景下，放到全球多元文化的大视野中，才能得出结论。回首人类文明的产生与交往历史，东西方文化的差异与冲突不容回避。长期以来，人们热衷于讨论中西文化孰优孰劣，究竟谁是先进或落后，但对其各自的渊源与特征却不甚明了，对文化差异与冲突的根本性质也缺乏认识。因此，我们更需要进行一番扎实的追本溯源工作，才能拥有自己的发言权。

【参考译文】

When we view the world from the angle of culture, what come first are the problems of the self-identity of local culture and where it goes next. What is the good tradition of Chinese culture? What is the advanced culture in the present world? There is no way to get to the final conclusion but to put them into the background of the development of human culture and to settle them in the worldwide multicultural field. Retrospecting the history of the birth and communication of human civilization, there is no chance to avoid the differences and conflicts between western culture and eastern culture. People have discussed about them for a long time concerning which is better or more advanced. However, we neither have a clear understanding of their origins and features, nor know very well the essential characters of those differences and conflicts. Thus, before we present our opinions, we need to do the tracing source work deeper and more aborative.

Part Four English Writing (50 points)

Directions: The following, is a piece of news report. Read it carefully and write a comment of no less than 300 words.

Victims Refuse to Act as Eye-Witnesses for-Police

A policeman in Jinan was seriously stabbed while trying to catch a hijacker who attempted to rob a young couple. The couple, however, refused to act as eye-witnesses to the incident, reports Qilu: Evening News.

During their patrol along a quiet lane last Saturday evening, three local policemen caught two men robbing the couple. The third, however, ran away, with a luxurious purse and a bulky business bag under each arm, which obviously belonged to the couple. He was thinner, taller, but fiercer.

When one of the policeman, Shi Lei, gave chase, the cornered robber stabbed him and fled. The couple said they were too busy to help police record the incident, and also left.

Shi has appealed for the couple to assist police.

【参考范文】

Nowadays, with the common occurrence of the above-mentioned incident, there emerges an urge for people to reflect and ponder why many modern men today are reduced to such irresponsibility and selfishness, especially in face of those who have done selfless favor to them as in the reported case. In my opinion, people who react like the couple are inevitably to blame; however, having taken a deeper thought, more blame should be placed on the concerned social system.

It is not difficult for us to make clear why the couple refused to assist the police. Being busy is apparently an excuse. They were afraid to get themselves into trouble—the highly possible revenge by the robbers. In other words, they felt insecure because there might be consequences for them to assist the police. Frankly speaking, it is not unjustifiable for them to make such an immoral or irresponsible choice. In the concerned social system, mainly the legal system and the moral system, there is a lack of laws, regulations and ethics to guide each individual to practice his citizenship, for example, to be in court as witness, and to provide essential protection for witnesses because normally being a witness means you have to violate the interests of the accused. Under such insecure conditions, people are more likely to react in defence of their own interests. However, if concerned laws, regualtions and ethics are put forward and carried out, I believe that people will react with less worry and insecure but with more concern and responsibilities for others because under secure conditions they will be assured that proper guidance and sound protection will be ensured.

In conclusion, it is safe to say that the incomplete social system is partially responsible for people’s selfishness and irresponsibility. Therefore, on part of the society, measures should be taken in no time to avoid the occurrence of such incidents.

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