南京航空航天大学620基础英语考研真题及辅导用书

考研真题

1. [电子书]南京航空航天大学外国语学院《620基础英语》历年考研真题

2. [电子书]全国名校基础英语考研真题

考研指导书

1. [电子书]张汉熙《高级英语（1）》（第3版重排版）学习指南【词汇短语＋课文精解＋全文翻译＋练习答案】

2. [电子书]张汉熙《高级英语（2）》（第3版重排版）学习指南【词汇短语＋课文精解＋全文翻译＋练习答案】

南京航空航天大学外国语学院《620基础英语》历年考研真题AI讲解

书籍目录

部分内容

2007年南京航空航天大学外国语学院620基础英语考研真题及详解

Ⅰ. Vocabulary (20points)

A.
Directions: There
are 10 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four
choices marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the ONE that best completes the sentence.
Be sure to write down your choice in the numbered space on the answer sheet.
(10 points)

1.
MacDonald suddenly couldn’t find his voice as he had a ____ in the throat.

A. bump

B. chunk

C. sore

D. lump

【答案】D

【解析】句意，麦克唐纳因为哽咽而几乎不能说话。have a lump in the
throat意为“哽咽”。因此选D。

2.
“The poor girl uttered an ululating sound like a bird.

A. happy

B. lamentable

C. humorous

D. queer

【答案】B

【解析】句意，那个可怜的女孩像鸟一样失声痛哭。happy快乐的，lamentable哀伤的，humorous幽默的，queer奇怪的。因此选B。

3. The Aral is
disappearing because its water has been _____ to supply the growth of cotton in
the desert.

A. diverted

B. Inverted

C. Reverted

D. averted

【答案】A

【解析】句意，咸海因为水被使用于浇灌沙漠里的棉花而正在消失。divert转移，invert使反转，revert恢复，avert防止。因此选A。

4.
Bargaining is the order of the day in the Eastern bazaar.

A. sequence

B. instruction

C. command

D. practice

【答案】D

【解析】句意，讨价还价在中东集市的一天中是习以为常的。sequence顺序，instruction指示，command命令，practice实际。因此选D。

5.
Her decision to study abroad _____ on her belief that the outside world is
colorful.

A. rested

B. based

C. counted

D. focused

【答案】B

【解析】句意，她相信外面的世界是丰富多彩的，基于此她选择出国。rest on休息，base
on基于，count on指望，focus
on集中在。因此选B。

6. Jane has been like
his, chin on chest, eyes on ground, feet _____ shuffle, ever since the fire
that burned the other house to the ground.

A. on

B. off

C. in

D. from

【答案】C

【解析】句意，自从那次大火把房屋烧垮后，她一直是这个样子，下巴贴近胸口，眼盯着地面，走路拖着脚。介词in可用于表示处于某种状态之下，在此最为合适。因此选C。

7. From the
discouragement of his mining failures, Mark Twain began ____ his way to
regional fame as a newspaper reporter and humorist.

A. walking

B. running

C. paving

D. digging

【答案】D

【解析】句意，自从他失败之后，马克吐温便开始努力博取作为一名报社记者和幽默作家的地区性声望。dig one’s way意为“崭露头角”。因此选D。

8.
In recent years the trees _____ to the charcoal burner and the builder.

A. surrendered

B. gave in

C. yielded

D. succumbed

【答案】D

【解析】句意，近几年来，树木任凭烧炭人和建屋者砍伐。surrender投降，give
in to给，yield to屈服，succumbed
to屈服于。succumb有“被压垮，死”的意思，因此选D。

9.
Almost everyone at the party was strange to him, so he felt much _____.

A. initiated

B. inhibited

C. restricted

D. refrained

【答案】B

【解析】句意，他几乎不认识派对上任何一个人，因此他感到十分不自在。initiated启动，inhibited不自在的，restricted限制的，refrained避免。因此选B。

10.
This slope _____ buildings in the early days and by default became a
half-hearted park.

A. repelled

B. expelled

C. compelled

D. dispelled

【答案】A

【解析】句意，在这个斜坡上面早期是不允许建筑的，因此就这样一直被荒废着。repel抵制，expel驱逐，compel强迫，dispel驱散。因此选A。

B. Directions: Explain the italicized words in the
following sentences with simple, everyday words or expressions in English. Be
sure to write down your explanation in the numbered space on the answer sheet.
(10 points)

1.
The wooden frame warped in the humidity.

【答案】twisted

【解析】句意，木架结构因受潮而弯曲。warp缠绕。

2.
Hurricane Daisy devastated everything in its swath.

【答案】destroy

【解析】句意，飓风摧毁了它所及之处的所有东西。devastate破坏。

3.
I award this championship only after laborious research and incessant
prayer.

【答案】constant

【解析】句意，我是在经过一番苦心探究和不断祈祷之后才授予其这顶桂冠的。incessant不停的。

4.
It did not make me feel melancholy.

【答案】sad, depressed

【解析】句意，这没有使我感到悲伤。melancholy悲哀。

5. Falstaff is an interesting
character in Shakespeare’s play and there is a striking discrepancy between
what he claimed to be and what he in reality was.

【答案】difference

【解析】句意，福斯塔夫是莎士比亚戏剧中一个很有趣的角色，而他本人实际上和他声称的样子有很大差别。discrepancy，差异。

6.
If the repairs were done discreetly, the duke and the duchess could get
their car away safely.

【答案】secretly

【解析】句意，如果偷偷地进行修理，那么犯罪分子就可以很安全的开走他们的车。discreetly，小心地，暗自地。

7. Novelist Salman
Rushdie’s book The Satanic Verses angered many Muslims, who accused
Rushdie of blasphemy.

【答案】insulting their sacred religion

【解析】句意，小说家萨尔曼鲁西迪的作品《撒旦诗篇》激怒了许多穆斯林，他们指控鲁西迪渎神。blasphemy亵渎。

8.
A woman’s mummified body was found in her home 2 years after she died.

【答案】thin and withered

【解析】句意，一个女人木乃伊似得尸体在她死后两年被在她的家中发现。mummified干瘪的，木乃伊状的。

9.
Keen, poignant agonies seemed to shoot from his neck downward.

【答案】physically painful

【解析】句意，强烈而痛苦的疼痛似乎从他的脖子直往下蔓延。poignant痛苦的。

10.
This is an irrevocable decision.

【答案】impossible to retract
or revoke

【解析】句意，这是个不可改变的决定。irrevocable不可反转的。

Ⅱ. Cloze (20 points)

A. Fill in each of the
following blanks with a suitable word in its proper form and write down the
required word in the numbered space on the answer sheet. (10 points)

If reading is to accomplish
anything more than passing time, it must be active. You can’t let your (1)______
glide across the lines of a book and (2)______ up with an understanding of what
you have read. Now an ordinary (3)______ of light fiction like, Gone with
the Wind, (4)______ require the most active kind of reading. The books you
have read for (5)______ can be read in a state of relaxation, and (6)______ is
lost. But a great book rich (7)______ ideas and beauty, (8)______ book that
raises and tries to answer great fundamental (9)______ , demands the most
active reading of which you are (10)______. If when you’ve finished (11)______
a book, the pages are (12)______ with your notes, you know that you have read (13)______.

But, you may ask (14)______ is
writing necessary? Well, the physical (15)______ of writing, with your hand,
brings words and sentences (16)______ sharply before your mind and preserves
them better in your (17)______. To set down your (18)______ to important words
and sentences you have read, and the questions they have (19)______ in your
mind, is to preserve (20)______ reactions and sharpen those questions.

【答案与解析】

1. eye  根据前后文，glide有“滑动”的意思，在此处可以理解为“快速的划过”。而根据文意，能够快速划过书的只有眼睛，因此填eye。

2.
come  根据句意，出现了对于书的理解，因此填come，组成come
up with词组，意为“想到”。

3.
piece  根据前后文，此处是在描述一部作品，缺少量词，而可以与fiction搭配的量词为piece，因此填piece。

4. doesn’t  根据前文可知《飘》是一本轻小说，而下一句中作者又提到relaxation可以看出，此处作者认为不需要最活跃的阅读方式。因此填doesn’t。

5. pleasure  根据文意，作者是在描述读轻小说所带来的感受，不需要十分活跃的读书方式，因此读这种书只是休闲，可以推断出读这种书是为了娱乐，因此填pleasure。

6.
nothing  根据文意，既然是休闲娱乐就不会有什么东西失去，所以填nothing。

7. in  根据句意，great
book即为“好书”，而此处对好书的定义则是富于思想和美。be rich in意为“在某方面很丰富”，因此填in。

8.
a  根据前文，此处是在讨论一本书，因此填a。

9.
questions  根据句子结构此处缺少一个宾语，而与answer最合适的搭配即为questions，因此填questions。

10. capable  根据句意，这种书要求你用最积极的读书方式，而这种读书方式一定要是你可以用的，因此填capable。be
capable of意为“能够”。

11.
reading  根据文意，此处是在说读完一本书，finish doing意为“完成某事”，因此填reading。

12. filled  根据文意，此处是在描述一本读完的书和笔记之间的关系，联想到作者所推崇的积极的读书方法，不难推断出读过的书上的笔记应是很多的，因此填filled。

13.
actively  前后文相对照后会发现此处作者是在描述积极的读书方法，因此填actively。

14.
why  根据句意，本句意为“你可能会问为什么写东西是必须的。”因此填why。

15.
act  根据句意，此处是在描述写字这个动作，所以要填act，意为“行动”。

16. more  句中sharply意为“鲜明地”，而此处是在描述书写的好处，亲手书写的动作会使词语和句子更加鲜明地呈现在人的脑海里，因此填more去修饰sharply。

17.
memory  根据句意，能够保存所看过的书的东西只有记忆，因此填memory。

18. reaction  根据前后文，作者此处是在描述所写笔记的内容，其中包括了人对于书中字句的反应，因此填reaction。

19.
raised  根据句意，此处描述的应是人对于书中内容所提出的问题，因此填raise。

20.
those  根据句意可知此处是在做一个小总结，而reactions则是复数，所以此处应填those。

B. Fill in each blank
with a proper word from the following box. Change its form if necessary and
write down the required word in the numbered space on the answer sheet. (10
points)

Science fiction is a type of
fiction that is based on either actual or imagined discoveries of science. It
is (1)______ from other forms of fantasy in which the events are supernatural
or (2)______ implausible in scientific terms. (3)______ the usual subjects of
science fiction (4)______ travel in space or time, robots and mechanical
brains, physical or mental changes in man brought (5)______ by evolution,
catastrophe, or science, mental telepathy and (6)______ forms of extrasensory
perception, and invasion of the earth from other (7)______. Often, the
predictions of science fiction have come (8)______, especially those concerning
inventions such as the mechanical brain, spaceships, (9)______ television. Many
science fiction stories have philosophical and sociological (10)______.

Elements of science fiction can
be found throughout literature, (11)______ in myths, legends, and fairy tales. (12)______,
true science fiction originated in the 19th century. In stories as (13)______ by
Jules Verne, II G Wells, the basic science fiction (14)______, such as travel
in space (15)______ time, were established.

Science fiction was first
recognized (16)______ a separate branch of literature in 1926, (17)______ Hugo
Gernsback started publication of Amazing Stories, the earliest magazine to be (18)______
to this type of literature

In (19)______ 1930s and 1940s,
some authors adapted the science fiction form in order to criticize (20)______
tendencies in modern society.

【答案与解析】

1. distinguished 
根据句子结构判断此处缺少与from相搭配的动词，而根据句意，是从多种想象作品中区别出来的，因此填distinguished。

2.
otherwise  根据句意此处是在描述这种作品的特点。or otherwise意为其他方面的。因此填otherwise。

3. Among  根据前后文可以判断这句话是在描述这种作品的内容，而根据句子结构此处缺少介词，又根据空后的subjects可以判断出填among。

4.
are  根据句子结构判断此处缺少动词，而根据句意，后文是在对作品主要内容进行描述，因此填are。

5.
about  根据句子结构此处缺少一个与bring相搭配的介词。bring
about意为“引起”，因此填about。

6. other  根据句意，此处是在做一个列举，而这部分是对剩下的比较少的一部分做的一个小总结，因此空后出现了forms，所以填other。

7. planets  根据文意，这是科幻小说，而此句中又提到了地球，因此不难判断作者是在描述其他星球对地球的进攻，因此填planets。

8.
true  根据前后文，作者是在描述一些成真了的预言，因此填true。come
true意为“成真”。

9.
and  根据句子结构，此处是一个列举的最后一项，英文中需要在最后一项前加and。所以填and。

10. implications 
根据前文，作者是在说科幻作品当中出现的预言，可以看出这是科学家们在某种层面上的暗示，因此填implications。

11. notably  根据句子结构可以判断出此处缺少一个副词，而根据句意，作者是在描述各种文学当中科幻的元素，因此填notably，意为“显著地”。

12. However  前句在讲各种文学作品中科幻的元素，而后句却在讲真正的科幻作品，可以看出此处是一个转折，因此填However。

13. written  根据句意可知此处是在列举各种科幻故事，而后文中又提到了各种作者，可以判断出此处应填written。

14. themes  根据句子结构，此处缺少一个与establish相搭配的主语，而根据such as当中出现的科幻小说常见的主题可以判断出此处填themes。

15.
or  根据句子结构判断出此处缺少一个连词，而根据句意，是指时间穿梭和空间穿梭，因此填or。

16.
as  根据句意，科幻小说是1926年第一次作为一个文学的独立分枝出现，因此填as。

17. when  根据句子结构可以判断出此处是一个定语从句，而根据前文中提到的时间可以判断出，这是一个由when引导的定语从句。因此填when。

18. devoted  根据句意，此处在介绍一本杂志，而这本杂志是最早专门为了这类文学作品出现的杂志，因此填devoted。devote
to意为“把……用于”。

19.
the  此处特指1930s和1940s，因此要填the。

20.
certain  根据句意，此处可以理解为是在批判现代社会某些趋势，因此填certain。

Ⅲ. Error correction (20 points)

Directions:
There
are twenty mistakes in the following passage. You are required to underline or
mark the mistakes and got them corrected .Be sure to write down the correct
form in the numbered space on the answer sheet.

【答案与解析】

1.
将carefully改为careful

（careful在此处作形容词，用来修饰reading，因此改为careful。）

2.
将which改为whose

（此处定语从句的本意是指审查者的技术和判断可以被他信任，因此要改为whose。）

3.
将read改为reading

（while一般用来表示正在进行的动作的并列，因此改为reading。）

4.
将a改为the

（此处是特指符合前文描写的年轻的科学家，因此改为the。）

5.
将on改为in

（此处是指青年科学家切莫太过推崇这些出版物。place on意为“将……强加于……”，在此用法不合适，应将on改为in。place
sth. in sp. 将……放置在……）

6.
将never改为ever

（此处句意为“没有一个伟大的科学家曾经…”而不是“没有一个伟大的科学家从来没有…”，因此将never改为ever。）

7.
将reproduced改为reproducing

（此处reproduce和它所搭配的主语pupils之间是主动关系，而非被动关系，因此要改为reproducing。）

8.
将that改为what

（此处what在从句中做宾语，这种情况下不可以使用that，因此填what。）

9.
在proceed后加with

（proceed with意为“入手，着手”，符合前文中提到的“与最开始做什么并列”这样的含义，因此要加with。）

10.
将it改为they

（此处指代的是最开始的观察和实验，而他们都是复数形式，因此要改为they。）

11.
将literatures改为literature

（literature没有复数形式。）

12.
将studied改为studying

（此处是指科学家正在做研究，而不是科学家们正在被人研究，因此不能使用过去分词形式，要改为studying。）

13.
将other改为another

（other多指两者之中另外一个，而此处只是指“另外的”，因此改为another。）

14.
将craftsman改为craftsmen

（根据文中的all可以判断出有许多工匠，而非一个，因此要改为craftsmen。）

15.
将one改为any

（此处是指“任何一个”而非是指单独的某一个，因此要用any而非one。）

16.
将back改为down

（look down upon为固定搭配，意为“轻视”。）

17.
将differ改为differs

（information为不可数名词，因此与其搭配的动词differ要使用单数第三人称形式，改为differs。）

18.
将which改为that

（此句为原因状语从句，in that固定搭配，意为“原因在于，因为”。而in which没有此用法。因此将which改为that。）

19.
将complete改为completely

（此处completely作为副词修饰unscientific，因此改为completely。）

20.
在that后加if

（根据句意可以判断出，此处是一个条件状语从句，因此要在that后加上if。）

Ⅳ. Paraphrase (20 points)

Directions: Restate
the following sentences in another form in English to clarify the meaning. Be
sure to write down your restatement in the numbered space on the answer sheet

1.
Sold at the bazaar are goods of every conceivable kind.

【答案】Goods of every kind
you can think of are sold at the market.

2.
The prospects of a good catch looked bleak.

【答案】It is not at all
possible to catch a large amount of fish.

3.
I want my fill of beauty before I go.

【答案】I want to enjoy beauty
to my heart’s content/ to enjoy as much as I can before I die.

4.
They are bent on taking the lion’s share of the trade.

【答案】They are determined to
make the greatest profit from the trade.

5.
The girl’s attendance had always been sporadic and her interest in schoolwork
negligible.

【答案】The girl often missed
her classes and had little interest in her schoolwork.

6.
All languages are dynamic rather than static.

【答案】All languages are in a process of constant change.
Nothing (including pronunciation, vocabulary and grammar) remains the same.

7.
The lawyer mopped his bald dome in silence.

【答案】The lawyer wiped the sweat off his bald head in
silence.

8.
He flirted with the colossal wealth and was rebuffed.

【答案】He tried but not very hard or persistently enough to
get the enormous wealth, but was rejected bluntly.

9. No one has any idea
where the conversation will go as it meanders or leaps and sparkles or just
glows.

【答案】No one knows the conversation will go once started
as it flows like a stream peacefully and aimlessly or swiftly and joyously
onwards, or like fire burns steadily without flame or brightly throwing off
sparks.

10.
The obese body shook in an appreciative chuckle.

【答案】The fat man laughed quietly to himself, appreciating
the fact that the opponents are no fool.

Ⅴ. General Knowledge (20 points)

a. Directions:
Choose the best to fill in the blank or answer the question. (10 points)

1.
The study of meaning of words, phrases and sentences is called _____.

A. semantics

B. semiotics

C. syntactics

D. tactics

【答案】A

【解析】semantics语义学，研究自然语言中词语意义的学科。因此选A。

2.
Where is Edinburgh?

A. In Wales

B. In Ireland

C In Northern Ireland

D. Scotland

【答案】D

【解析】爱丁堡是英国著名的文化古城、苏格兰首府。因此选D。

3.
Which of the following is Not a British news and cable network?

A. ABC

B. BSkyB

C. BRS Media

D. BBC

【答案】A

【解析】ABC全称为“Australian
Broadcasting Corporation”，指的是澳大利亚广播公司。因此选A。

4.
Who is NOT a romanticist poet?

A. Samuel Taylor Coleridge

B. Robert Southey

C. Robert Burns

D. William Wordsworth

【答案】C

【解析】塞缪尔·泰勒·柯尔律治（Samuel Taylor
Coleridge），罗伯特·骚塞（Robert Southey），华兹华斯（William
Wordsworth）均为浪漫主义诗人。因此答案选C项。

5. The Emancipation
Proclamation was an executive decree by U.S. President _____ during the
country’s Civil War.

A. Thomas Jefferson

B. John Adams

C. George Washington

D. Abraham Lincoln

【答案】D

【解析】Civil War指美国南北战争，而在南北战争期间美国总统为林肯，因此选D。The
Emancipation Proclamation是《解放黑奴宣言》。

6.
Jane Austen is the writer of _____.

A. Sense and Sensibility

B. Vanity Fair

C. Wuthering Heights

D. Tess of the D’Urbervilles

【答案】A

【解析】《理智与情感》是英国作家简奥斯汀的长篇小说。因此选A。

7.
The Thanksgiving feast takes place on _____.

A. the fourth Thursday of October

B. the fourth Thursday of
November

C. the first Thursday of October

D. the first Thursday of November

【答案】B

【解析】感恩节是每个十一月的第四个周四。因此选B。

8
Which of the following is written by N. Chomsky?

A. An Introduction to
Functional Grammar

B. Course in General
Linguistics

C. Syntactic Structures

D. Schools of Linguistics

【答案】C

【解析】《句法结构》是乔姆斯基的著作。因此选C。

9.
John Steinbeck is an American _____.

A. poet

B. playwright

C. novelist

D. short story writer

【答案】C

【解析】约翰斯坦贝克是20世纪美国最具影响力的小说家之一。因此选C。

10.
The UN’s eighth secretary general, to succeed Kofi Annan is _____.

A. South Korean Foreign Minster
Ran Ki-Moon

B. Latvian President
Vike-Freiberga

C. former Polish President
Alexander Kwasniewski

D. Thailand’s Deputy Prime
Minister Surakiart Sathirathai

【答案】A

【解析】联合国第八任秘书长为潘基文，韩国人。因此选A。

b.
Directions: Candidates
are FREE
to choose any five
from the following ten
terms and explain them in plain English on the answer sheet (10 points)

1.
vowel

【答案】It’s a speech sound in which airstream from the
lungs is not blocked in any way in the mouth or throat, and which is usually
pronounced with vibration of the vocal cords.

2.
universal grammar

【答案】It’s a theory which claims to account for the
grammatical competence of every adult native speaker UG claims that every
speaker knows a set of principles which apply to all languages and also a set
of parameters that can vary from language to language within certain limits.

3.
allomorph

【答案】It refers to any of the different forms of a
morpheme. The English plural morpheme is often shown in writing by adding -s to
the end of a word like cats, dogs, and classes, which are pronounced /s/,
/z/and /iz/ respectively and have the same grammatical function of showing
plural.

4.
sentence

【答案】It is the largest unit of grammatical organization
within which parts of speech and grammatical classes are said to function. In
English a sentence normally contains one independent clause with a finite verb.

5.
generative semantics

【答案】It’s an approach to linguistic theory which grew as
a reaction to Chomsky’s syntactic-based TG. It considers that all sentences are
generated from a semantic structure, which is often expressed in the form of a
proposition which is similar to logical propositions in philosophy.

6.
characterization

【答案】The method a writer uses to reveal the personality
of a character in a literary work: Methods may include (1) by what the
character says about himself or herself; (2) by what others reveal about the
character: and (3) by the character’s own actions.

7.
free verse

【答案】Unrhymed Poetry with lines of varying lengths, and
containing no specific metrical pattern.

8.
comedy

【答案】A literary work which is amusing and ends happily.

9.
iamb

【答案】A metrical pattern of one unstressed syllable
followed by one stressed syllabic.

10.
lyric poem

【答案】A short poem wherein the poet expresses an emotion
or illuminates some life principle.

Ⅵ. Reading Comprehension (50 points)

Directions: Each
of the passages below is followed by some questions. For each question there
are four answers marked [A], [B], [C] or [D]. Read the passages carefully and
choose the best answer to each of the questions. Be sure to write down your choice
in the numbered space on the answer sheet.

Passage A

President Roosevelt’s
administration suffered a devastating defeat when, on January 6, 1936, the
Agricultural Adjustment Act was declared unconstitutional. New Deal planners
quickly pushed through Congress the Soil Conservation and Domestic Allotment
Act of 1935, one purpose of which was conservation, but which also aimed at
controlling surpluses by retiring land from production. The law was intended as
a stopgap measure until the administration could formulate a permanent farm
program that would satisfy the nation’s farmers as well as the Supreme Court.
Roosevelt’s landslide victory over Landon in 1936 obscured the ambivalent
nature of his support in the farm states. Despite extensive government propaganda,
many farmers still refused to participate in the Agricultural Adjustment
Administration’s voluntary production control programs, and the burdensome
surpluses of 1933 were gone—not the result of the AAA, but a consequence of
great droughts.

In February of 1937, Secretary of
Agriculture Wallace convened a meeting of farm leaders to promote the concept
of the ever-normal granary, a policy which would encourage farmers to store
crop surpluses (rather than dump them on the market) until years of small harvests.
The Commodity Credit Corporation would grant loans to be repaid when the grain
was later sold for a reasonable profit. The conference chose a Committee of
Eighteen which drafted a bill, but the major form organizations were divided.
Since ten of the eighteen members were also members of the American Farm Bureau
Federation, the measure was quickly labeled a Farm Bureau bill, and there were
protests from the small, but highly vocal. Farmer’s Holiday Association. When
debate on the bill began, Roosevelt himself was vague and elusive and didn’t
move the proposed legislation into the “desirable” category until midsummer. In
addition, there were demands that the New Deal’s deficit spending be curtailed,
and opponents of the bill charged that the AAA was wasteful and primarily
benefited corporations and large-scale farmers

The Soil Conservation and
Domestic Allotment Act had failed to limit agricultural production as the
administration had hoped, Farm prices were high and so was consumer demand.
Many farmers, convinced that the drought had ended the need for crop controls,
refused to participate in the AAA’s soil conservation program. Without direct
crop controls, agricultural production skyrocketed in I937, and by late summer,
there was panic in the farm belt that prices would again be driven down to
disastrously low levels. Congressmen began to pressure Roosevelt to place a
floor under farm prices by making loans through the CCC, but Roosevelt made
such loans contingent upon the willingness of Congress to support the
administration’s plan for a new system of crop controls. When the price of
cotton began to drop, Roosevelt’s adroit political maneuver finally forced
Congressional representatives from the South to agree to support a bill
providing for crop controls and the ever-normal granary. The following year
Congress passed the Agricultural Adjustment Act of 1938.

1.
The primary propose of the passage is to_____.

A. analyze the
connection between changes in weather conditions and the movement of agricultural
prices

B. call attention to the economic
hardship suffered by farmers during the 1930s

C. discuss the
reasoning that led the Supreme Court to declare the Agricultural Adjustment Act
of 1933 unconstitutional

D. describe the events that led
to the passage of the Agricultural Adjustment Act of 1938

2. Which of the
following is NOT a statement made by the author about the Soil Conservation and
Domestic Allotment Act?

A. It was drafted primarily by
the Farm Bureau

B. It aimed at reducing
agricultural production

C. It aimed at soil conservation

D. It was largely ineffective

3. According to the
passage, the Roosevelt administration wanted
agricultural legislation with all of the following characteristics EXCEPT
_____.

A. It would not be declared
unconstitutional by the Supreme Court

B. It would be acceptable to the
nation’s farmers

C. It would dismantle the
Agricultural Adjustment Administration

D. It would provide loans to help
farmers store surplus grain

4.
The passage provides information that would help answer which of the following
questions?

I. Who was Secretary of
Agriculture during Roosevelt’s second term?

II. Who was Roosevelt’s major
opponent in the 1936 Presidential election?

III. Who was President of the
American Farm Bureau Federation in 1937?

A. I only

B. II only

C. I and II

D. I and III

【答案与解析】

1.
D  本文从开始就在讲《农业调整法》产生之前的情况，以及《农业调整法》最终是如何诞生的。因此选D。

2. A  根据原文“one
purpose of which was conservation, but which also aimed at controlling
surpluses by retiring land from production.”可知《土壤保护和家庭分配法》是关于土壤保护，减少产量的。根据后文提到的“stopgap measure”可以判断出这部法律效果一般，因此选A。

3. C  根据文章第一句可知，被判违宪这件事使得罗斯福政府非常艰难，因此不选A；根据第一段中提到的农民和最高法院对一份永久的农业政策感到满意可判断出不选B；根据第二段中提到的“a policy which would encourage farmers to store crop
surpluses ”可知政府鼓励农民去储存剩余的粮食，因此不选D。综上，此题选C。

4.
C  文章第一段的前两句可以回答问题Ⅰ，而第二段的第一句可以回答问题Ⅱ，因此选C。

Passage B

Disraeli was as sparkling a
letter-writer as he was a novelist. His letters show that his capacity to
observe was matched only by his ability to describe, and they are enlivened by
his over-developed sense of self-dramatization as well as by his abiding sense
of the greatness of his own destiny. He flits through these pages like some
gorgeous bird of paradise, spreading his multicolored feathers and never
pausing long enough to become boring.

As early as 1830, when only 26,
he is found advising Benjamin Austin to carefully conserve has letters for
posterity. Fortunately Austin and others followed his counsel. As a result over
10,000 letters in his own hand have survived, quite apart from dictated
missives and other memoranda. Disraeli rarely kept a diary, and poured his
thoughts, desires and reflections into his correspondence

What treasures there lie in
store! We leave him in 1837 with his longed-for election to Parliament., but
ahead loom the high peaks of his career with the twin mountains of his two
premierships and his friendship with the Queen, Lord Esher maintained that the
letters between Disraeli and Queen Victoria had largely been destroyed, but
this was not so. A new, bright and searching light will eventually shine on
that extraordinary political and romantic relationship.

5.
This passage appears to be written by _____.

A. a friend of Disraeli’s

B. a contemporary of Disraeli’s.

C. a literary critic

D. an autobiographer

6.
“… his capacity to observe was matched only by his ability to describe…” means
_____.

A. he was as accomplished an
observer as he was a descriptive writer

B. his capacity to observe and
his ability to describe were unrivalled

C. he was capable of adapting
descriptions to fit his observations

D. his observations and
descriptions reflected his own personal ambitions

7.
During his lifetime, Disraeli pursued the career of _____.

A. a correspondent

B. a politician

C. novelist

D. a consultant

8.
Even as a young man Disraeli realized that one day his leaders would be _____.

A. antiquated

B. well-connected

C. destroyed

D. widely read

9.
Disraeli’s two premierships and his friendship with the Queen are described as
being _____.

A. hurdles to surmount

B. unsurmountable obstacles

C. pinnacles of success

D. impossible challenges

【答案与解析】

5. C  文章描述了Disraeli的一些生平，陈述了作者对于Disraeli文学造诣的看法，因此可以判断出这是一篇由文学评论家写的文章。因此选C。

6. A  这句话本意为“他观察的能力与他描述的能力不相上下”，是在指他不仅是一个好的观察者，更是一个出色的描述者。因此选A。

7. B  根据最后一段可知Disraeli是一位参加过选举的政治家。因此选B。

8. D  根据第二段中提到，他向友人提到要保存信件可以判断出，他对自己的作品会被广泛阅读早有准备，因此选D。

9.
C  根据原文中提到的“high peaks”意为“最高点”可以判断出选C。

Passage C

I was 22 years old when I was
finally received into the Church, but I still suffered from adolescent’s
suffocating desire to find acceptance. Whatever the reasons that brought me in—love
of poetry and rhetoric—sense of history, cosmic distress and indignation—somehow
I felt that some of Mother Church’s ancient glamour might rub off on me and
that l might somehow be transformed by it and become part of its mystery.

Of course that’s not the way it
works at all. I believe now that grace grows from within, slow but very sure.

Shortly after becoming a
barrister, when I was 27, in a moment of high hope and idealism and making
common cause with the man I had recently married, we fought to abolish the
death penalty. All but a small circle of friends, whom I shall honor for ever,
fell away Professional doors slammed.

We went to live on the Greek
island of Mikonos. It is a strange, haunted, pagan place, treeless. From the
root of our house at Vrisi we could see seven islands in summer basking like
dolphins, encircling the whitewashed pigeon house where we made our home.

At the tiny church we made a
congregation of five, Joseph the tailor, my husband and I and another English
couple. We went to enjoy each other’s company as much as to have the pleasure
of hearing the service. If the priest didn’t come—as he often couldn’t when the
wind blew at Force Nine—it didn’t particularly matter. We stayed on to have a
drink under the tamarisk trees and watch the sun set.

Years later, I went back to that
island with my two sons. They had been sad, shadowed years, separation from my
husband and finally divorce, alienation from the Church, from my profession, from
my friends. The hard knocks had put paid to my romantic, snobbish self. Mikonos
itself had changed, not for the better: it had changed, from my village into a
city where I knew only one person in a hundred.

The church at Alefantara had
changed too. It was packed with a multi-racial congregation. A priest arrived
to say Mass, but there was no one available to serve at the altar.

“Go on.” I said to my son, “You
do it” .Un-selfconsciously, without hesitation, he took the bell and went up to
the altar followed by his brother. It was a moment of timeless happiness—of
total reconciliation.

Outside, under the blazing sun,
the wind was roaring through the tamarisks of Alefantara. Inside, I felt total
synthesis of all reasons, all motives, and I knew that for this moment I had
come into the world.

10.
The writer felt that by becoming a member of the Church ______.

A. she had finally been accepted
by society

B. she would be changed in some
way

C. she would finally understand
the mystery of religion

D. she had fulfilled the purpose
of her education.

11.
The writer had only just become a barrister when _____.

A. she decided to give up her
career to get married.

B. she married someone who
disagreed with the abolition of the death penalty

C. she lost a small circle of
friends of whom she was very fond

D. she made herself extremely
unpopular with her contemporaries

12.
The writer and her husband were to live on Mikonos where _____.

A. they had an elegant house
built for them

B. they spent all summer basking
in the sun on the rooftop

C. they found an unusual house to
live

D. they spent all summer visiting
the surrounding islands

13.
She and her husband were regular visitors to the small church on the island
because _____.

A. they treated the service as
both a religious and a social occasion.

B. they enjoyed talking to the
priest when the service had finished

C. they enjoyed attending a
service out-of-doors

D. they had a drink with the
priest after eth service.

14.
When the writer returned to Mikonos years later _____.

A. the island had become a better
place to live in

B. she had become a totally
different kind of person

C. she found herself completely
isolated from her husband and children

D. she was unable to trace any of
her former acquaintances

15.
While attending a service at the same little church she experienced a feeling
of _____.

A. un-selfconsciousness

B. total oblivion.

C. momentary doubt

D. self-fulfillment

【答案与解析】

10.
B  第一段最后一句提到作者认为自己可能被教堂所改变，因此选B。

11.
D  第三段中作者提到那段时间她只拥有一个非常小的朋友圈，以及自己的丈夫，因此选D。

12.
C  根据文中提到的Mikonos是个很奇特的地方，以及对“我们”所住的地方的描述可知一判断出选C。

13. A  根据文章当中提到，“我们”经常和认识的英国夫妇一同去教堂，牧师不在的时候还会聚餐，因此可以看出，“我”把教堂同时当成宗教和社会活动的地方，因此选A。

14. B  根据文章当中提到的，当作者回到Mikonos时，她已经和丈夫离婚，带着儿子，而身边的一切也都发生了变化，因此B。

15.
C  根据本文的最后一句话可知，对于她来说这是一个具有历史性的时刻，因此选C。

Passage D

The uniqueness of the Japanese
character is the result of two seemingly contradictory forces the strength of
traditions and selective receptivity to foreign achievements and inventions. As
early as the 1860s, there were counter movements to the traditional
orientation. Yukichi Fukuzawa, the most eloquent spokesman of Japan’s
“Enlightenment,” claimed, “The Confucian civilization of the East seems to me
to lack two things possessed by Western civilization: science in the material
sphere and a sense of independence in the spiritual sphere.” Fukuzawa’s great
influence is found in the free and individualistic philosophy of the Education
Code of 1872, but he was not able to prevent the government from turning back
to the canons of Confucian thought in the Imperial Rescript of 1890. Another
interlude of relative liberalism followed World War I, when the democratic
idealism of President Woodrow Wilson had an important impact on Japanese
intellectuals and, especially, students, but more important was the Leninist
ideology of the 1917 Bolshevik Revolution Again, in the early 1930s,
nationalism and militarism became dominant, largely as a result of a failing
economic conditions.

Following the end of World War
II, substantial changes were undertaken in Japan to liberate the individual
from authoritarian restraints. The new democratic value system was accepted by
many teachers, students, intellectuals, and old liberals, but it was not
immediately embraced by the society as a whole. Japanese traditions were
dominated by group values, and notions of personal freedom and individual rights
were unfamiliar.

Today, democratic processes are
clearly evident in the widespread participation of the Japanese people in
social and political life; yet, there is no universally accepted and stable
value system. Values are constantly modified by strong infusions of Western
ideas, both democratic and Marxist School textbooks expound democratic
principles, emphasizing equality over hierarchy and rationalism over tradition,
hut in practice these values are often misinterpreted and distorted,
particularly by the youth who translate the individualistic and humanistic
goals of democracy, into egoistic and materialistic ones.

Most Japanese people have
consciously rejected Confucianism, but vestiges of the old order remain. An
important feature of relationships in many institutions such as political
parties, large corporations and university faculties is the oyabun-kabun or
parent-child relation. A party leader, supervisor, or professor, in return for
loyalty, protects those subordinate to him and takes general responsibility for
their interests throughout their entire lives, an obligation that sometimes
even extends to arranging marriages. The corresponding loyalty of the
individual to his patron reinforces his allegiance to the group to which they
both belong. A willingness to cooperate with other members of the group and to
support without qualification the interests of the group in all its external
relations is still a widely respected virtue. The oyabun-kobun creates
ladders of mobility, which an individual can ascend, rising as far as abilities
permit, so long as he maintains successful personal ties with a superior in the
vertical channel, the latter requirement usually taking precedence over a need
for exceptional competence. As a consequence, there is little horizontal
relationship between people even within the same profession.

16.
The author is mainly concerned with ____.

A. explaining the influence of
Confucianism on modern Japan

B. analyzing the reasons for
Japan’s postwar economic success

C. discussing some important
determinants of Japanese values

D. describing managerial
practices in Japanese industry

17. Which of the
following is most like the relationship of the oyabun-kobun described in
the passage?

A. A political candidate and the
voting public

B. A gifted scientist and his
protege

C. Two brothers who are partners
in a business

D. A judge presiding at the trial
of a criminal defendant

18.
The author implies that ____.

A. most Japanese workers are
members of a single political party

B. students and intellectuals do
not understand the basic tenets of Western democracy

C. Western values have completely
overwhelmed traditional Japanese attitudes

D. respect for authority was
introduced into Japan following World War Two

19.
It can be inferred that the Imperial Rescript of 1890 _____.

A. was a protest by liberals
against the lack of individual liberty in Japan

B. marked a return in government
policies to conservative values

C. implemented the ideals set
forth in the Education Code of 1872

D. was influenced by the Leninist
ideology of the Bolshevik Revolution

20.
Which of the following is the most accurate description of the organization of
the passage?

A. A sequence of
inferences in which the conclusion of each successive step becomes a premise in
the next argument

B. A list of generalizations,
most of which are supported by only a single example

C. A chronological
analysis of historical events leading up to a description of the current
situation

D. A statement of a commonly
accepted theory which is then subjected to a critical analysis

【答案与解析】

16.
C  本文是在讲日本文化的发展，以及影响日本文化的众多因素，因此选C。

17.
B  根据文中对于“oyabun-kobun”的描写可知，这种关系是上下级的，并带有保护性的，因此选B最合适。

18. A  根据文意，日本大部分人已经接受了西方民主的思想，因此B选项不对；而西方的民主思想并未完全取代日本的传统思想，因此C也不对；二战后日本所接受的是将个人从权威下解放的教育，因此D也不对。综上，此题选A。

19.
B  根据原文中提到的“turning back”可知这个政策是一种社会的倒退，因此选B。

20.
C  本文是按照时间顺序行文的，因此选C。

Passage E

In the early 19^th
century Rousseau’s misgivings concerning the progress of civilization were
largely forgotten, but his idea of tracing the evolution of human
nature from brutelike beginnings took hold with a vengeance. Theories of social
evolution proliferated like mushrooms. The impetus to their elaboration came
less from biology than from a growing awareness of change and improvement in
social institutions and a growing conviction that man’s early condition had
been a savage one. Taking progress for granted, social scientists endeavored to
discover its laws and stages August Comte, for example, set for “social
physics” (or sociology, as he later called it) the task of discovering “by what
necessary chain of successive transformations the human face, starting from a
condition barely superior to that of a society of great apes, has been
gradually led up to the present state of European civilization,” Like Rousseau,
Comte regarded man as the only species of animal capable of evolution.

21.
According to this passage, Rousseau ____.

A. placed high hopes in the
progress of civilization

B. had a feeling of distrust in
the progress of civilization

C. was indifferent to the
progress of civilization

D. had a mistaken theory
concerning the progress of civilization.

22.
The phrase “with a vengeance” in Line 3 is closest in meaning to _____.

A.in a revengeful way

B. in a very harmful manner

C. to a certain extent

D. in an extreme degree

23. The growth of
theories of social evolution is compared to the growth of mushrooms because
_____.

A. mushrooms grow in the dark

B. mushrooms grow and multiply
very rapidly

C. mushrooms can be poisonous

D. mushrooms are searched for
with care

24.
Comte held that the human race at its earliest stage _____.

A. was no better than a group of
great apes

B. was far better than a group of
great apes

C. was only slightly better than
a group of great apes

D. could be compared to a society
of great apes

25.
Theories of social evolution proliferated because of _____.

A. advances in biology.

B. the belief, with Rousseau,
that man’s condition was showing no real improvement

C. respect for Rousseau as a
social thinker and philosopher

D. the conviction that
man’s beginnings had been brute-like, but that his condition was showing steady
improvement

【答案与解析】

21.
B  根据原文中的misgivings concerning可以看出罗素对现代文明持的是一种怀疑的态度，因此选B。

22.
D  with a vengeance作为短语的意思是“猛烈地，激烈地”，因此选D。

23. B 
proliferate本身有“增殖”的意思，因此可以推断出此处比喻成蘑菇是因为蘑菇繁殖能力非常强，因此选B。

24.
C  根据原文中提到的 “barely
superior” 意为“仅仅只优秀一点”可以判断出选C。

25.
D  根据文中提到的，人在小时候是非常野蛮的，而他们对于世界的认知是不断在进步的可以判断出此题选D。

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