南京师范大学240英语（二外）考研真题及辅导用书

考研真题

1. 南京师范大学外国语学院《240英语（二外）》历年考研真题

2. 全国名校二外英语考研真题

考研指导书

1. 李荫华《全新版大学英语综合教程（1）》（第2版）学习指南【词汇短语＋课文精解＋全文翻译＋练习答案】

2. 李荫华《全新版大学英语综合教程（2）》（第2版）学习指南【词汇短语＋课文精解＋全文翻译＋练习答案】

3. 李荫华《全新版大学英语综合教程（3）》（第2版）学习指南【词汇短语＋课文精解＋全文翻译＋练习答案】

4. 李荫华《全新版大学英语综合教程（4）》（第2版）学习指南【词汇短语＋课文精解＋全文翻译＋练习答案】

南京师范大学外国语学院《240英语（二外）》历年考研真题AI讲解

书籍目录

部分内容

2004年南京师范大学《221英语（二外）》考研真题及详解

Part One Vocabulary and Structure

Section A

Directions: There are 30 incomplete sentences in this section. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the ONE that best completes the sentence. Then write your answer on the Answer Sheet. (15%)

1 If you are always sitting up late at night, I’m afraid you may _____ from overwork soon.

A. fall

B. descend

C. sicken

D. collapse

【答案】D

【解析】句意：如果你总是工作到很晚，我恐怕你不久就会累倒的。collapse倒塌；（因病或虚弱）突然倒下。fall下降；摔倒。descend下降；降临。sicken使震怒，使愤慨；慢慢病倒。

2 If you don’t sweep your room every day, _____ will accumulate.

A. powder

B. soil

C. mud

D. dust

【答案】D

【解析】句意：如果你每天不打扫房间，灰尘很快就会堆积。dust灰尘，尘埃。powder粉，粉末。soil土壤。mud泥。

3 Movies have been universally _____ for the crime wave.

A. criticized

B. condemned

C. accused

D. blamed

【答案】A

【解析】句意：电影因犯罪率激增而遭到了广泛批评。题中所给四个选项均有“批评，指责”之意，但用法却各不相同。criticize批评，指责，criticize sb/sth for (doing) sth表示“某人/某物因……而遭到批评”。condemn意为“谴责；判刑”，表示的程度较重。accuse的被动语态常与of搭配，构成短语be accused of。而blame的被动语态则是用sb/sth is to blame (for sth)，表示某人/某事物（对某事）负有责任。

4 My brother likes eating very much but he isn’t very _____ about the food he eats.

A. special

B. peculiar

C. particular

D. unusual

【答案】C

【解析】句意：我兄弟很喜欢吃东西，但对食物却不怎么讲究。be particular about对……讲究，挑剔。special特别的；专门的。peculiar特殊的；奇怪的。unusual不寻常的。

5 Although the pay is not good, people usually find social work _____ in other way.

A. payable

B. respectful

C. interested

D. rewarding

【答案】D

【解析】句意：尽管薪水不高，但人们总能在其他方面找到社工的价值。rewarding值得的；有益的。payable应付的。respectful有礼貌的。interested感兴趣的。

6 As scheduled, the communications satellite went into _____ round the earth.

A. circle

B. orbit

C. path

D. course

【答案】B

【解析】句意：通信卫星进入了预定的绕地轨道。orbit（绕地球、太阳等运行的）轨道。circle圆；圈子。path小径，小道。course课程；航向。

7 The autumn air felt _____ so she went to fetch a coat.

A. chilly

B. cool

C. shivery

D. cold

【答案】A

【解析】句意：感受到了秋天寒冷的空气，于是她去拿了件外套。chilly和cold都表示“寒冷的”，cold的程度要比chilly深，比如说秋天凉，通常说It’s chilly. 而冬天冷，就说It’s cold. 此处用来描述秋天的天气，chilly为最佳答案。cool凉爽的。shivery（因寒冷、恐惧或疾病）颤抖的，发抖的。

8 Spies may have a number of _____ names and papers.

A. artificial

B. fault

C. imitation

D. false

【答案】D

【解析】句意：间谍可能有许多假名和伪造的证件。artificial人造的，人工的。fault错误。imitation人造的；仿造的。

9 He lost his _____ when the policeman stopped him.

A. temper

B. mood

C. spirit

D. emotion

【答案】A

【解析】句意：当警察拦下他的时候，他大发脾气。lose one’s temper发脾气。mood心情；心境。spirit精神。emotion情感，情绪。

10 Where do you _____ going for your holidays this year?

A. intend

B. expect

C. want

D. mean

【答案】A

【解析】句意：今年假期你打算去哪？intend打算；想要。expect期望；指望。want想要。mean意味；想要。所给四个选项当中仅有intend能接动词ing形式。

11 All of us were _____ that the old man could walk on his hands.

A. shocked

B. amazed

C. frightened

D. scared

【答案】B

【解析】句意：那位老人居然能用双臂倒立行走，我们对此都感到十分惊奇。amazed惊奇的。shocked震惊的；震撼的。frightened害怕的；受惊的。scared害怕的。

12 The noise was so _____ that only those with excellent hearing were aware of it.

A. inaudible

B. soft

C. faint

D. quiet

【答案】C

【解析】句意：声音太微弱了，只有那些听力极好的人才能听见。faint微弱的；模糊的。inaudible听不见的。soft轻柔的。quiet安静的。

13 Pipes _____ hot water from this boiler to every part of the building.

A. convey

B. remove

C. transform

D. communicate

【答案】A

【解析】句意：锅炉中的热水通过管道运送到这栋建筑的每个地方。convey传递；传送，输送。remove移走；除去。transform转化。communicate交流，沟通。

14 Camping _____ include a tent, a sleeping bag, a rucksack, a stove, and so on.

A. equipment

B. facilities

C. instruments

D. devices

【答案】A

【解析】句意：野营装备包括一个帐篷，一只睡袋，一个帆布包，一个火炉等等。equipment装备，设备。facility设施。instrument器械；乐器。device设备，仪器。

15 The employer ______ the letter to his secretary, who wrote it down in shorthand.

A. dictated

B. examined

C. copied

D. imitated

【答案】A

【解析】句意：老板把信件内容口述给他的秘书，秘书速记了下来。dictate口述。examine检查。copy复制。imitate模仿。

16 Department stores _____ their goods in the windows.

A. indicate

B. demonstrate

C. expose

D. display

【答案】D

【解析】句意：百货商店把商品陈列在橱窗里。display展览，陈列。indicate表明，显示。demonstrate证明；展示。expose显露；使……暴露。

17 We couldn’t cut the string because the _____ of the knife was not sharp enough.

A. blade

B. side

C. edge

D. front

【答案】C

【解析】句意：刀刃不够锋利，我们无法割断绳子。“刀刃”的英文表达最常用的是“the edge of knife”，blade也有“刀刃”的意思，一般侧重指“刀身，刀片”。

18 Competitors for the painting competition must _____ their entries by Friday.

A. give

B. offer

C. grant

D. submit

【答案】D

【解析】句意：绘画大赛的参赛者们必须在周五之前提交参赛作品。submit呈递；提交。give给予；赠送。offer提供。grant给予；承认。

19 I have to wear sunglasses because of the _____ of the sun.

A. flare

B. glare

C. glitter

D. sparks

【答案】B

【解析】句意：耀眼的阳光使我不得不戴上墨镜。glare刺眼，耀眼的光。flare闪光。glitter闪烁，闪光。spark火花。

20 There is a hole at the _____ of the flower pot.

A. bottom

B. basis

C. ground

D. depth

【答案】A

【解析】句意：花瓶底部有一个洞。bottom底部。basis基础；根据。ground地面，场地。depth深度。

21 The jury commuted the prisoner’s _____of death to one of life imprisonment.

A. crime

B. sentence

C. guilty

D. faulty

【答案】B

【解析】句意：陪审团将这名犯人的死刑减为终身监禁。sentence判决。crime罪行。guilty有罪的。faulty有错误的，有缺陷的。

22 I should like to rent a house, modern, comfortable and _____ in a quiet environment.

A. before all

B. first of all

C. after all

D. above all

【答案】D

【解析】句意：我想租一间这样的房子：现代化、舒适，最重要的是安静的环境。above all尤其是，最重要的是。first of all首先。after all毕竟。

23 His few personal belongings make it possible for him to move from place to place _____.

A. in ease

B. at ease

C. with ease

D. with easiness

【答案】C

【解析】句意：他的私人物品不多，这让他搬家变得很容易。with ease容易，不费力地。at ease安逸，舒适。

24 It’s _____ in the regulations that you can take 20 kilos of luggage with you.

A. laid up

B. laid down

C. laid out

D. laid over

【答案】B

【解析】句意：规章明确规定个人携带行李的最大重量为20千克。lay down阐述，声明；规定。lay up（因患病或受伤）卧床不起；储存。lay out铺开，展开；布置。lay over途中停留。

25 We had to _____ a lot of noise when the children were at home.

A. go in for

B. hold on to

C. put up with

D. keep pace with

【答案】C

【解析】句意：孩子们在家的时候，我们不得不忍受噪音的烦恼。put up with忍受。go in for参加，从事；追求。hold on to坚持。keep pace with与……保持同步。

26 When he arrived, he found _____ the aged and the sick at home.

A. none but

B. none other than

C. nothing but

D. not other than

【答案】A

【解析】句意：当他抵达的时候，他发现家里只剩下老弱病残了。none but只有。none other than正是。nothing but只不过；只有，用来修饰物。

27 His marked changes in personality were _____ by a series of unfortunate events in life.

A. brought out

B. brought to

C. brought up

D. brought about

【答案】D

【解析】句意：他人生中一系列的不幸导致了他性格的多变。bring about引起，导致。bring out使……显现。bring to采用。bring up提起；养育。

28 Last week I _____ an old friend of mine in the shopping mall.

A. ran off

B. ran away with

C. ran into

D. ran over

【答案】C

【解析】句意：上周我在商场偶遇了一位老友。run into遇到；累计达到；偶然遇见。run off跑掉。run away with和……私奔；（感情、思想等）控制某人。run over（开车）撞倒；思考。

29 I say! Have you _____ a single word I’ve been saying to you?

A. taken in

B. taken up

C. taken over

D. taken off

【答案】A

【解析】句意：我说，你有没有记住我刚才讲的一个字？take in领会，理解；记住。take up开始从事；占据。take over接管；取得对……的控制。taken off脱下；起飞。

30 I can’t _____ what has gone wrong with the videotape recorder.

A. figure on

B. figure up

C. figure out

D. figure for

【答案】C

【解析】句意：我搞不清楚这台磁带录像机是哪里出了问题。figure out弄懂，搞清楚。figure on预料到；计划。

Section B

Directions: Each of the following sentences has four underlined parts marked A, B, C and D. Identify the part of the sentence that is incorrect and write your answer on the Answer Sheet. (5%)

31 A number of foreign visitors were taken to the industrial exhibition which they saw many new products.

A. A number of

B. were taken to

C. which

D. saw

【答案】C

【解析】此处考查定语从句关系副词，which应改为where（或in which）。

32 The sheet of ice that covers Antarctica accounts for 90% of the world’s ice and 68% of it’s freshwater.

A. sheet

B. covers

C. accounts for

D. it’s

【答案】D

【解析】改为its。此处应当使用物主代词，it的所有格为its。

33 Until comparatively recently, man was so accustomed to think in pictures that he instinctively avoided abstract statements whenever possible.

A. Until

B. think

C. avoided

D. whenever

【答案】B

【解析】固定短语be accustomed to doing，此处think应用ing形式。

34 Hardly he had left home when it began to rain cats and dogs.

A. he had

B. when

C. it

D. cats and dogs

【答案】A

【解析】hardly when句式为固定的倒装句式，had要置于he之前。

35 Whenever he wore a suit of clothes for the first time, he had it scraped with a piece of Glass that it would not appear noticeably new.

A. clothes

B. had

C. that

D. would

【答案】C

【解析】本句为目的状语从句，that之后为动作的目的，应使用so that。

36 Thousands of children are denying of drinking unsanitary water every day in the developing world.

A. Thousands of

B. of

C. in

D. developing

【答案】B

【解析】删去of。

37 When they had finished to read the article, they began to discuss it among themselves in spite of their ignorance of physiology.

A. finished to read

B. among

C. in spite of

D. of

【答案】A

【解析】固定表达finish doing sth，“完成做某事”，此处read应用ing形式。

38 It is sad to lose; but the greatest sadness is to travel through life and without knowing either success or defeat.

A. through

B. without knowing

C. or

D. defeat

【答案】A

【解析】through应改为throughout，表示“有生之年”。

39 Splashing water from the shower produces negative charges in the room’s air, promotes a feeling of well-being.

A. Splashing

B. produces

C. promotes

D. a feeling of well-being

【答案】C

【解析】此处考查伴随状语，promote应改为promoting。

40 Educators are now recommending that reasoning skills are emphasized in the classroom sincerecent tests indicate that many teachers in the past have ignored these skills.

A. are now recommending

B. are emphasized

C. since recent tests

D. have ignored

【答案】B

【解析】此处recommend引导的从句需要使用虚拟语气，即should be emphasized。

Part Two Reading Comprehension

Directions: There are five reading passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice and write your answer on the Answer Sheet. (30%)

Questions 41 to 44 are based on the following passage.

In a family where the roles of men and women are not sharply separated and where many household tasks are shared to a greater or less extent, notions of male superiority are hard to maintain. The pattern of sharing in tasks and in decisions makes for equality, and this in return leads to further sharing. In such a home the growing boy and girl learn to accept that equality more easily than did their parents and to prepare more fully for participation on a world characterized by cooperation rather than by the “battle of the sexes.”

If the process goes too far and men’s role is regarded as less important—and that has happened in some cases—we are as badly off as before, only in reverse.

It is time to reassess the role of the man in the American family. We are getting little tired of “monism”—but we don’t want to exchange it for a “noe-Popism”. What we need, rather, is the recognition that bringing up children involves a partnership of equals. There are signs that psychiatrists, psychologists, social workers, and specialists on the family are becoming more aware of the part men play and that they have decided that women should not receive all the credit—not all the blame. We have almost given up saying that a woman’s place is in the home. We are beginning, however, to analyze man’s place in the home and to insist that he does have a place in it. Nor is that place irrelevant to the healthy development of the child.

The family is a cooperative enterprise for which it is difficult to lay down rules, because each family needs to work out its own ways for solving its own problems.

Excessive authoritarianism has unhappy consequences, whether it wears skirts or trousers, and the ideal of equal rights equal responsibilities is relevant not only to a healthy democracy, but also to a healthy family.

41 The danger in the sharing of household tasks by the mother and father is that _____.

A. role of the father may become an inferior one

B. the role of the mother may become an inferior one

C. the children will grow up believing that life is a battle of the sexes

D. sharing leads to constant arguing

42 According to the author, the father’s role in the home is _____.

A. minor because he is an ineffectual parent

B. irrelevant to the healthy development of the child

C. pertinent to the healthy development of the child

D. identical to the role of the child’s mother

43 With which of the following statements would the author be most likely to agree?

A. Healthy, cooperative family is a basic ingredient of a health society.

B. Men are basically opposed to sharing household chores.

C. Division of household responsibilities is workable only in theory.

D. A woman’s place is in the home—now as always.

44 What is the passage mainly about?

A. American families that are run by women are happier.

B. The roles of men and women will always be unequal in the American household.

C. Both men and women play an important role in a healthy family.

D. Women should allow men to do most of the work in the home.

【答案与解析】

41A  文章第一段第一句提到“In a family where the roles of men and women are not sharply separated and where many household tasks are shared to a greater or less extent, notions of male superiority are hard to maintain.”，在男女角色没有明显划分，家务事或多或少由男女双方共同承担的家庭中，男性至上的观点是很难维持的。即家务事的分工会弱化男性在家庭中的传统地位。故本题选A。

42C  文章第三段最后一句指出“Nor is that place irrelevant to the healthy development of the child.”，可知男性在家庭中的地位与孩子的健康成长有着直接的关系。A、B、D项均与原文所属内容不符。故本题选C。

43A  文章第一段指出“In such a home the growing boy and girl learn to accept that equality more easily than did their parents and to prepare more fully for participation on a world characterized by cooperation rather than by the ‘battle of the sexes’”，即在平等、合作的家庭环境中长大的孩子，比他们的父母更容易接受平等的观念，并做好充分准备，去融入一个合作的、而不是“性别大战”的社会中。B、C两项文中未提及，而D项与文章所述内容“We have almost given up saying that a woman’s place is in the home.”相反。故本题选A。

44C  文章最后一段“the ideal of equal rights equal responsibilities is relevant not only to a healthy democracy, but also to a healthy family.”点出了全文主旨，即权利平等、责任平等的观念与社会以及家庭的健康发展密切相关。A、B、D三项均与主题无关。故本题选C。

Questions 45 to 48 are based on the following passage.

The importance and focus of the interview in the work of the print and broadcast journalist is reflected in several books that have been written on the topic. Most of these books, as well as several chapters, mainly in, but not limited to, journalism and broadcasting handbooks and texts, stress the “how to” aspects of journalistic interviewing rather than the conceptual aspects of the interview, its context, and implications. Much of the “how to” material is based on personal experiences and general impressions. As we know, in journalism as in other fields, much can be learned from the systematic study of professional practice. Such study brings together evidence from which broad generalized principles can be developed.

There is, as has been suggested, a growing body of research literature in journalism and broadcasting, but very little significant attention has been devoted to the study of the interview itself. On the other hand, many general texts as well as numerous research articles on interviewing in fields other than journalism have been written. Many of these books and articles present the theoretical and empirical aspects of the interview as well as training of the interviewers. Unhappily, this plentiful general literature about interviewing pays little attention to the journalistic interview. The fact that the general literature on interviewing does not deal with the journalistic interview seems to be surprising for two reasons. First, it seems likely that most people in modern Western societies are more familiar, at least in a positive manner, with journalistic interviewing than with any other form of interviewing. Most of us are probably somewhat familiar with the clinical interview, such as that conducted by physicians and psychologists. In these situations the professional person or interviewer is interested in getting information necessary for the diagnosis and treatment of the person seeking help. Another familiar situation is the job interview. However, very few of us have actually been interviewed personally by the mass media, particularly by television. And yet, we have a vivid acquaintance with the journalistic interview by virtue of our roles as readers, listeners, and viewers. Even so, true understanding of the journalistic interview, especially television interviews, requires thoughtful analyses and even study, as this book indicates.

45 The main idea of the first paragraph is that _____.

A. generalized principles for journalistic interview are chief concern for writers on Journalism

B. importance should be attached to the systematic study of journalistic interviewing

C. concepts and contextual implications are of secondary importance to journalistic interviewing

D. personal experiences and general impressions should be excluded from journalistic interviews

46 Much research has been done on interviews in general _____.

A. so the training of journalistic interviewer has likewise been strengthened

B. though the study of the interviewing techniques hasn’t received much attention

C. but journalistic interviewing as a specific field has unfortunately been neglected

D. and there has also been a dramatic growth in the study of journalistic interviewing

47 Westerners are familiar with the journalistic interview _____.

A. but most of them wish to stay away from it

B. and many of them hope to be interviewed some day

C. and many of them would like to acquire a true understanding of it

D. but most of them may not have been interviewed in person

48 The passage is most like a part of _____.

A. a news article

B. a journalistic interview

C. a research report

D. a preface

【答案与解析】

45B  文章第一段倒数第二句指出“As we know, in journalism as in other fields, much can be learned from the systematic study of professional practice.”，如同其他领域，新闻行业同样需要系统的学习和专业的训练。A、D两项文中未提及，C项与文中所述内容矛盾。故选择B项。

46C  文章第二段中间部分指出“Unhappily, this plentiful general literature about interviewing pays little attention to the journalistic interview.”，关于采访的文献有很多，但其中涉及新闻采访的却很少。A、D两项文中未提及，B项与原文内容相反。故本题选C。

47D  文章倒数第三段指出“However, very few of us have actually been interviewed personally by the mass media, particularly by television.”，虽然现在西方人对新闻采访一点也不陌生，但很少有人单独接受过大众媒体的采访。故本题选D。

48D  文章结尾处的“as this book indicates”，明确表示该文章来自一本书，并且很有可能出自序言部分。故本题选D。

Questions 49 to 52 are based on the following passage.

There is a new type if a small advertisement becoming increasingly common in newspaper classified columns. It is sometimes placed among “situations vacant”, although it does not offer anyone a job, and sometimes it appears among “situations wanted”, although it is not placed by someone looking for a job either. What it does is to offer help in applying for a job.

“Contact us before writing your application”, or “Make use of our long experience in preparing your curriculum vitae or job history”, is how it is usually expressed. The growth and apparent success of such a specialized service is, of course, a reflection on the current high levels of unemployment. It is also an indication of the growing importance of the curriculum vitae or job history”, with the suggestion that it may now qualify as an art form in its own right.

There was a time when job seekers simply wrote letters of application. “Just put down your name, address, age and whether you have passed any exams”, was about the average level of advice offered to young people applying for their first jobs when they left school. The letter was really just for openers, it was explained, everything else could and should be saved for the interview. And in those days of full employment the technique worked. The letter proved that you could write and were available for work. Your eager face and intelligent replies did the rest.

Later, as you moved up the ladder, something slightly more complex was called for. The advice then was to put something in the letter, which would distinguish you from the rest. It might be the aggressive approach. “Your search is over. 1 am the person you are looking for” was a widely used trick that occasionally succeeded. Or it might be some special feature specially designed for the job in view.

There is no doubt, however, that it is the increasing number of applicants with university education at all points in the process of engaging staff that has led to the greater importance of curriculum vitae.

49 In the past it was expected that first-job hunters would _____.

A. write an initial letter giving their life history

B. pass more exams before applying for a job

C. have no qualifications other than being able to read and write

D. keep any detailed information until they obtained an interview

50 Later, as one went on to apply for more important jobs, one was advised to include in the letter _____.

A. something that would attract to one’s application

B. a personal opinion about the organization one was trying to join

C. something that would offend the person reading it

D. a lie that one could easily get away with

51 The job history has become such an important document because _____.

A. there has been an increase in the number of applicants with degrees

B. there has been an increase in the number of job advertised

C. jobs are becoming much more complicated nowadays

D. the other processes of applying for jobs are more complicated

52 The expression “as you moved up the ladder” probably means _____.

A. as you obtained higher positions

B. as you became older

C. as you were unemployed for longer period of time

D. as you sent out more and more job applications

【答案与解析】

49D  从第三段的中间部分可知，以前找工作的毕业生在面试之前只会将自己的姓名、地址、年龄和考试情况透露给对方，其他的任何信息都有必要留到面试再提。其余三项文中都未提及。故本题选D。

50A  文章倒数第二段第二句提到“The advice then was to put something in the letter, which would distinguish you from the rest.”，在寻求更重要的职位时，人们常常会在求职信中加上一些能让自己与众不同的东西。故可知本题选A。

51A  文章最后一段表明，正是因为拥有大学学历的求职者们越来越多，才使得简历变得愈发重要。故本题选A。

52A  结合上下文，你追求的工作更高等，相应的求职过程也会变得更复杂。“moved up the ladder”即为追求更好的工作。故选择A项。

Questions 53 to 55 are based on the following passage.

Much of many managers’ time is taken up with meetings. There are meetings with colleagues to agree a course of action. There are meetings with superiors to report and to discuss future policies. There are meetings with subordinates. Many would say that there are far too many meetings; some would be even less polite. There can, however, be no doubt that meetings are part of every manager’s life. He should therefore know how to cope with them. He should know techniques of communication in meetings. He should know how to use the techniques to his own advantage.

It is sometimes suggested that when a manager can’t think what to do, he holds a meeting. But meetings in themselves are not an end product, no matter what some may think. They are merely one of many means of management communication. It may well be that a problem can be solved by a one-to-one discussion, face-to-face, or even by telephone. If the need can be met without a meeting, so be it.

Let us therefore define a meeting, in the management sense, as the gathering together of a group of people for a controlled discussion, with a specific purpose. Each of those attending the meeting has a need to be there and both discussion and its result would not be so well achieved in any other way. It is often advisable to calculate the cost of a meeting. A simple meeting of a few people on middle-executive salaries can soon run into three-figure costs for wages alone. Do not, therefore, have unnecessary people sitting in at meetings and do ensure that all meetings are both efficient and effective.

53 According to the passage, _____.

A. a meeting is to be held when the manager does not know what to do

B. managers are not often required to attend meetings

C. holding a meeting is an end itself

D. a meeting is intended to be a controlled discussion with a definite purpose

54 Which of the following statements would the author most probably agree with?

A. Meetings are the most effective means of communication.

B. An uncontrolled meeting is most unlikely to be effective or efficient.

C. Where there is a need to be met, there is a meeting.

D. Problems relating to management cannot be solved without a meeting of some kind.

55 It is implied in the last few instances that _____.

A. the problem to be discussed at a meeting should be simple and the members of executives should be limited to 3 in number.

B. unnecessary people may stand but not sit in at meetings

C. the wages of the middle executives for a simple meeting may range from one to several hundred US dollars

D. It is often advisable to invite only those people to a meeting whose salaries are comparatively low

【答案与解析】

53D  文章最后一段第一句这样定义了会议，即“一群人为了某一具体的目的而进行的一定范围内的讨论”。第二段提到开会仅仅是许多管理沟通方式中的一种，并非所有问题都需要开会解决，A项过于绝对。B、C两项与原文内容矛盾。故本题选D。

54B  文章最后一句提到“Do not, therefore, have unnecessary people sitting in at meetings and do ensure that all meetings are both efficient and effective.”，所有的与会人员都要与会议主题相关，这样才能确保会议的有效进行。其余三项文中都未提及。故本题选B。

55C  文章最后一段指出，在举行会议之前最好先预算会议的开支，几名中层管理人员在一场小型会议的工作可能就会达到三位数。A、B两项文章未提到。D项表述过于片面，曲解了文章的意思。故本题选C。

Part Three  Cloze

Directions: There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should choose ONE that best fits into the passage. Then write your answer on the Answer Sheet. (20%)

Ecology is the science of how living creatures and plants exist together and depend on each other and on the local environment. Where an environment is undisturbed, the ecology of an area is (56)______ balance, but if a creature is exterminated or an alien species (57)______, then the ecology of the district will be upset—in other (58)______, the balance of nature will be (59)______.

Man is a part of the (60)______ and has done more to upset the ecology during (61)______ short span on earth than (62)______ other living creature. He has done this by his ignorance, his (63)______, his thoughtless foolishness and his uncontrolled wastefulness.

He has poisoned the (64)______ and polluted both land and water. He has wasted the earth’s natural (65)______ with no thought for the future, and has thought out the most devastating ways of killing his fellow men—and every other sort of life at the same time.

Since man has done so much (66)______, it is (67)______ to man to try to put matters (68)______ if it is not already too (69)______. If there is any remedy for our ills, that remedy ultimately lies in the hands of the (70)______, and the sooner they start doing something about it, the (71)______.

One of the main (72)______ of the earth’s troubles is that the world is overpopulated and that this overpopulation is growing at an ever increasing rate. At the same time we are (73)______ up our natural resources—fuels and mineral ores—at an ever increasing rate with no hope of replacing them.

For many years the earth has been unable to (74)______ enough food for these rapidly expanding populations and the position is steadily deteriorating (75)______ the fertility of some of our richest soils has been lost and vast areas that were once fertile lands have turned into barren deserts.

56 A. in

B. out

C. of

D. off

57 A. discovered

B. introduced

C. brought

D. killed

58 A. cases

B. thoughts

C. ways

D. words

59 A. changed

B. troubled

C. disturbed

D. damaged

60 A. environment

B. situation

C. surroundings

D. condition

61 A. their

B. its

C. her

D. his

62 A. any

B. some

C. all

D. few

63 A. privacy

B. hope

C. greed

D. desire

64 A. sky

B. heaven

C. atmosphere

D. space

65 A. energy

B. resources

C. sources

D. power

66 A. destroy

B. injury

C. damage

D. hurt

67 A. up

B. due

C. at

D. owing

68 A. correct

B. right

C. back

D. forward

69 A. late

B. soon

C. long

D. distant

70 A. old

B. adults

C. young

D. future

71 A. better

B. later

C. quicker

D. perfect

72 A. reasons

B. effects

C. results

D. causes

73 A. using

B. wasting

C. giving

D. drawing

74 A. feel

B. support

C. supply

D. provide

75 A. until

B. when

C. since

D. whereas

【答案与解析】

56C  本句考查be of+名词结构，be of balance相当于balanced，意为“平衡的”。故填介词of。

57B  根据句意，如果某一地区的某一生物灭绝了，或是引入了外来物种，那么该地区的生态便会遭到破坏。故此处填introduced，意为“首次引入，传入”。

58D  in other words表示“换句话说，换而言之”，其他三项均不符合语境。

59C  根据句意，在这种情况下生态平衡被“打破”了，英文中常用disturb和upset这两个词来表达，此题选项中选择disturb。其他三项搭配不当。

60A  本篇讨论的是人与自然环境之间的关系，认为人与环境密不可分。situation情况；形势。surroundings周边的环境。condition情况；条件。故此处应填environment。

61D  根据上下文不难发现该处应填his，指代前文的man。

62A  根据句意，人类在短短的时间内对地球生态造成的破坏远胜过其他任何生物。故此处填any。

63C  联系上下文，该处应填一个与ignorance、foolishness和wastefulness意义相近的词。greed贪婪。privacy隐私。hope希望。desire渴望。故该处填greed。

64C  根据句意，人类污染了大气、土地和水资源。此处填atmosphere，其他三项均不符合语境。

65B  本题考查固定搭配natural resources，表示“自然资源”。

66C  根据句意，人类对地球环境造成了太大的损害。题中所给四个选项均含有“伤害，损害”之意，但destroy无名词词性，而injury和hurt均表示人受到的伤害。故此处填damage。

67A  此处考查固定短语be up to取决于；该由……负责。其余三项搭配错误。

68B  此处考查固定短语put things right，意为“纠正错误；拨乱反正”。

69A  根据句意，在一切都还不算太晚之前，人类应当纠正错误。故此处应填late。

70C  根据句意，如果尚有补救办法的话，那么它们一定掌握在年轻人的手里。故此处填young，其余三项均不符合语境。

71A  本句考查比较状语从句。the sooner…the better表示“越早越好”。

72D  根据句意，造成目前这种情况的原因之一是地球上人口过多。故此处应填causes，其他三项均不符合语境。

73A  根据句意，与此同时我们正在耗尽自然资源。use up用光，耗尽。

74D  本题最大的干扰项为supply，因为supply与provide词义相近，但前者表示“供应，供给”的时候常与with搭配，而只有provide才能与for搭配，表示“为……提供”。故此处填provide。

75C  根据句意，情况正在不断恶化，因为许多肥沃的土地正在逐渐失去生产能力，甚至有不少土地已经变成了沙漠。此处应填一表示因果关系的连词，故填since。

Part Four Translation from English into Chinese

Directions: Read the following passage carefully, then translate the underlined sentences into Chinese. Remember to write your Chinese version on the Answer Sheet. (15%)

We are not sure exactly where or when it happened, but hundreds of thousands of years ago, primitive man learned to control fire. (76) And when he learned this lesson, early man took a giant step forward because the use of fire dramatically changed his life. It gave him warmth against the chill of night and the bitter cold of the Ice Age. He could cook his food to make it more digestible for greater nourishment.

The story of man’s ability to control fire begins more than half a million years ago. Anthropologists believe that primitive man emerged in Africa and for hundreds of thousands of years he had little need for fire. (77) In fact, when lightening or volcanic activity started natural fires, he must have been just as terrified as the wild beasts that ran panic-stricken before the flames.

Yet as the centuries passed into history, the population of early man began to grow. His hunting ground became crowded, and he began to seek new lands where there would be less competition for game. (78) In his travels from the African continent to Europe and even to China, he found plenty of game, but he also encountered threat he had never known before—cold.

(79) To survive, he had to overcome his instinctive fear of fire and bring it into his caves and shelters for heat. There is evidence that man accomplished this in a cave in southern France seven hundred fifty thousand years ago and the remnants in campfires dating back four hundred thousand years have been discovered near Beijing. China.

It is probable that before man learned to start fires, he had made use of burning branches set aflame by natural causes. The first solid evidence of man’s ability to start his fire is comparatively recent—a fifteen-thousand-year old lump of iron-bearing stone that has been grooved by repeated striking with flint to create sparks. Once man learned to control fire, it was only a matter of time before he used it in hunting. He started fires purposely to drive large animals to marshy areas to trap and kill them. It stimulated him to develop his powers of communication and to use his brain.

(80) Thus, through the control of fire, man progressed from a slow-witted gatherer of barriers and roots to an intelligent and aggressive hunter whose prey included even the largest and most fearsome creatures on earth. More than just a source of warmth and protection, fire was a vital stimulus to man’s growing ability to think. The control of fire was man’s first big step toward the growth of the civilization as we know it today.

【参考答案】

76 学会使用火是原始人的巨大进步，因为这从根本上改变了他们的生活。

77 实际上，当闪电和火山喷发引起自然火时，原始人肯定和野兽一样恐惧，被火焰吓得惊惶逃离。

78 从非洲大陆到欧洲乃至中国的跋涉途中，他们找到了许多猎物，但也遭遇了前所未有的威胁——寒冷。

79 为了生存，他们只好克服对火的本能的恐惧，将火带进洞穴和居所中取暖。

80 因此，通过控制火，人类由愚钝的浆果、草根采集者进化成了聪明、勇猛的狩猎者，甚至敢于捕获地球上最大、最可怕的猎物。

Part Five Writing

Directions: For this part, you are required to write a composition about Examination Cheating. Your part of writing should be no less than 120 words. You should base your composition on the following points and write your composition on the Answer Sheet. (15%)

1 Present situation of cheating in schools and university;

2 Analyze the reasons;

3 Your opinion about how to prevent cheating in the examinations.

【参考范文】

Examination Cheating

Cheating in exams is becoming a common phenomenon across the campus. For example, due to the importance of the College English Test Band 4 and Band 6 which are national standardized examinations required by the Ministry of Education to evaluate college students’ English proficiency, various high-tech devices have been used to cheat on the CET exam in recent years. This situation is going to take a toll.

As for reasons of examination cheating, some students are too lazy and they don’t study hard. They just copy others or copy their books, even use modern communication devices to cheat. Besides, the students are taking too many exams, some of which are very difficult. Some students just want to go get a high score to please their parents and teachers. Above the reasons, they don’t take cheating in exams seriously enough.

On cheating in exams, there are some suggestions to ease the situation. First, schools should make strict regulations and put hard punishment upon students who cheat in exams. Second, teachers should encourage students to study hard and be honest with others. Third, the teachers and other students can help those cheaters improve study and form good qualities. Only by joint efforts can we reduce the cheating in the exams at the least level.

【范文解析】

题目要求以“Examination Cheating”为话题写一篇作文。文章共分为四段。第一段引出话题，考试作弊现象普遍，并举例大学中存在有学生四六级考试作弊的情况。第二段分析部分学生考试不诚实的原因，一方面有学生偷懒，不努力学习，于是考试作弊；另外的原因是考试多，难度大，有些学生希望通过作弊得到高分。第三段提出如何杜绝作弊现象的建议，首先，学校可以制定更严格的考试规章制度来加强约束管理。同时，老师们要鼓励学生们努力学习、诚信应考，再者，老师同学可以帮助那些成绩不好的考生。

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