华东师范大学723英美文学考研真题及辅导用书

考研真题

1. 华东师范大学外语学院《文学与翻译》历年考研真题

2. 全国名校英汉互译考研真题

3. 全国名校英美文学考研真题

考研指导书

1. 常耀信《美国文学简史》（第3版）笔记和考研真题

2. 常耀信《美国文学简史》（第3版）配套题库【考研真题精选＋章节题库】

3. 陈宏薇《新编汉英翻译教程》（第2版）配套题库（含考研真题）

华东师范大学外语学院《文学与翻译》历年考研真题AI讲解

书籍目录

部分内容

1998年华东师范大学翻译考研真题及详解

Ⅰ. Translate into

Chinese the following extract from “The Rose,” written by Logan Pearsall Smith

in 1918.

The old lady had

always been proud of the great rose-tree in her garden, and was fond of telling

how it had grown from a cutting she had brought years before from Italy, when

she was first married. She and her husband had been travelling back in their

carriage from Rome (it was before the time of railways) and on a bad piece of

road south of Siena they had broken down, and had been forced to pass the night

in a little house by the road-side. The accommodation was wretched of course;

she had spent a sleepless night, and rising early had stood, wrapped up, at her

window, with the cool air blowing on her face, to watch the dawn. She could

still, after all these years, remember the blue mountains with the bright moon

above them, and how a far-off town on one of the peaks had gradually grown

whiter and whiter, till the moon faded, the mountains were touched with the

pink of the rising sun, and suddenly the town was lit as by an illumination,

one window after another catching and reflecting the sun’s beam, till at last

the whole little city twinkled and sparkled up in the sky like a nest of stars.

That morning,

finding they would have to wait while their carriage was being repaired, they

had driven in a local conveyance up to the city on the mountain, where they had

been told they would find better quarters; and there they had stayed two or

three days.

The Cafe of the

simple inn where they stayed was the meeting place of the notabilities of the

little city; and among them they noticed a beautiful, slim, talkative old man,

with bright black eyes and snow-white hair—tall and straight and still with the

figure of a youth, although the waiter told them with pride that the Conte

was molto vecchio—would in fact be eighty in the following year. He was the

last of his family, the waiter added—they had once been great and rich

people—but he had no descendants; in fact the waiter mentioned with complacency,

as if it were a story on which the locality prided itself, that the Conte had

been unfortunate in love, and had never married.

The old

gentleman, however, seemed cheerful enough; and it was plain that he took an

interest in the strangers, and wished to make their acquaintance. This was soon

effected by the friendly waiter; and after a little talk the old man invited

them to visit his villa and garden which were just outside the walls of the

town. So the next afternoon, when the sun began to descend, and they saw in

glimpses through door-ways and windows, blue shadows beginning to spread over

the brown mountains, they went to pay their visit. It was not much of a place,

a small, modernized, stucco villa, with a hot pebbly garden, and in it a stone

basin with torpid gold-fish, and a statue of Diana and her hounds against the

wall. But what gave a glory to it was a gigantic rose-tree which clambered over

the house, almost smothering the windows, and filling the air with the perfume

of its sweetness. Yes, it was a fine rose, the Conte said proudly when

they praised it, and he would tell the Signora about it. And as they sat there,

drinking the wine he offered them, he alluded with the cheerful indifference of

old age to his love-affair, as though he took for granted that they had heard

of it already.

Notes:

1 Siena: name of an Italian town

2 Conte: (Italian) Earl

3 molto vecchio: (Italian) very old

4 Signora: (Italian) madam

【参考译文】

老太太总以自家花园里那棵高大的玫瑰树为荣。她非常喜欢告诉别人，数年前她初次结婚时从罗马带回来的枝条，是如何长成如今这般高大的。那时，她与丈夫乘马车从罗马旅行归来（那时还没有火车），途经锡耶那南部的崎岖路段时，马车坏了，他们被迫就宿于路边的小屋里。住宿条件当然非常差；她一夜未能安眠，一早便起身穿好衣服，立于窗前，感受着扑面而来的席席凉风，等待着黎明的到来。事隔多年，她仍然记得那情景。明月高悬在青山群峦之上，远处山峰上的小镇逐渐明亮起来，月亮慢慢消退，晨曦把群山涂得粉红。突然之间，一束阳光照亮了城镇。城里的窗户相继明亮起来，反射出耀眼的光芒。最后，整个小城宛若繁星，在天空中不停闪烁。

早上，得知须等些时日马车才能修好，他们便搭乘当地车辆去了山顶小城。有人告诉他们在那可以找到更好的住处。他们在那逗留了两三天。

他们居住在当地一个名流云集的简易酒店里。在他们当中，一位英俊、瘦高个儿而又健谈的老人引起他们的注意。他乌黑明亮的眼睛，雪白的头发，个子高高的，腰板很直，像年轻人一样。但是酒店的侍者却自豪地告诉他们实际上这位伯爵已届高龄，明年是他的80寿辰。侍者还说到伯爵是这个家族的最后一员，曾是豪门大户，但一生无子嗣。但事实上，这个侍者还甚是得意地说，伯爵情场失意，终生未娶，似乎是一件本地值得炫耀的事情。

然而，这位老先生似乎过得挺开心；显然对陌生人很感兴趣，愿意与之结交。很快这位和善的侍者促成了他们之间的认识。聊了一会儿，老人就遨请他们参观他在城外的别墅和花园。因此，第二天下午，日落之时，当他们从门口和窗口瞥见蓝色的阴影覆盖了褐色的山峦时，就动身去造访这位老伯爵了。其实别墅比较一般，只是一座拉毛粉饰的现代小别墅，铺有石头的花园里有些热，石盆中的金鱼无精打采，戴安娜和她的猎犬的雕像倚墙而立。然而，一颗巨大的玫瑰树为这座别墅增色不少，它高过屋顶，几乎遮住了窗户，散发出诱人的花香。“嗯！确实是一棵美丽的玫瑰树，”在他们的赞美声中老先生自豪地说，而且他很乐意为这位女士讲述玫瑰树的故事。当他们坐在那儿，喝着老人提供的葡萄酒时，老伯爵忘却了自己已届高龄，向大家娓娓道起自己当年的爱情故事，就好像他理所当然地认为他们早已经听说过似的。

——摘自洛根·皮尔索尔·史密斯《玫瑰树》

Ⅱ. Translate into

English the following quotations from a speech delivered by Chinese President

Jiang Zemin at Harvard University on November 1, 1997.

哈佛建校三百六十年来，培养出许多杰出的政治家、科学家、文学家和企业家，曾出过六位美国总统，三十多位诺贝尔奖获得者。先有哈佛，后有美利坚合众国，这说明了哈佛在美国历史上的地位。

哈佛是最早接受中国留学生的美国大学之一。中国教育界、科学界、文化界一直同哈佛大学保持着学术交流。哈佛为增进中美两国人民的相互了解作出了有益的贡献。

我们的先人历来把独立自主视为立国之本，中国作为人类文明发祥地之一，在几千年的历史进程中，文化传统始终没有中断。近代中国虽屡遭列强欺凌，国势衰败。但经过全民族的百年抗争，又以巨人的姿态重新站立起来。这充分说明，中国人独立自主的民族精神具有坚不可摧的力量。

【参考译文】

Since the

foundation of Harvard 360 years ago, it has brought up many excellent

politicians, scientists, litterateurs, entrepreneurs, including 6 US

presidents, and more than 30 winners of Nobel Prize. The fact that Harvard was

founded before the United States of America testifies to the position of

Harvard in the United States in the American history

Harvard is the

earliest university of America to accept Chinese student abroad, thus Chinese

education, science, literature area have been learning communication with

Harvard. Harvard has made useful contribution to the enhanced mutual

understanding between the Chinese and American peoples.

Our ancestors always

regarded the spirit of maintaining independence as the foundation of a nation.

As one of the cradles of human civilization, China has all along maintained its

cultural tradition without letup in its history of several thousand years. In

modern times, the frequent bullying and humiliation by imperialist powers once

weakened China. However, after a hundred years’ struggle of the entire Chinese

nation, China has stood up again as a giant. This fully testifies to the

indestructible strength of this independent national spirit of the Chinese

people.

——摘自前国家主席江泽民1997年于美国哈佛大学的演讲

1999年华东师范大学英语翻译考研真题及详解

Ⅰ. Translate the

following passage into Chinese. The selection is the opening part of “Dr Arnold”,

an essay in English writer Lytton Strachey’s classic Eminent Victorians (1918).

Some notes have been provided blow the passage in your aid.

The public

schools of those days were still virgin forests, untouched by the hand of

reform. Keate was still reigning at Eton; and we possess, in the records of his

pupils, a picture of the public school education of the early nineteenth

century, in its most characteristic state. It was a system of anarchy tempered

by despotism. Hundreds of boys, herded together in miscellaneous

boarding-houses, or in that grim “Long chamber” at whose name in after years

aged statesmen and warriors would turn pale, livid, badgered and over-awed by

the furious incursions of an irascible little old man carrying a bundle of

birch-twigs, a life in which licensed barbarism was mingled with the daily and

hourly study of the niceties of Ovidian verse. It was a life of freedom and

terror, of prosody and rebellion, of interminable floggings and appalling

practical jokes. Keate ruled, unaided—for the under-masters were few and of no

account—by sheer force of character. But there were times when even that

indomitable will was overwhelmed by the flood of lawlessness. Every Sunday

afternoon he attempted to read sermons to the whole school assembled; and every

Sunday afternoon the whole school assembled shouted him down.

From two sides,

this system of education was beginning to be assailed by the awakening public

opinion of the upper middle classes. On the one hand, there was a desire for a

more liberal curriculum; on the other, there was a desire for a higher moral

tone. The growing utilitarianism of the age viewed with impatience a course of

instruction which excluded every branch of knowledge except classical

philology; while its growing respectability was shocked by such a spectacle of

disorder and brutality as was afforded by the Eton of Keate. “The Public

Schools,” said the Rev. Mr. Bowdler, “are the very seats and nurseries of

vice.”

Dr. Arnold

agreed. He was convinced of the necessity, for reform. But it was only natural

that to one of his temperament and education it should have been the moral

rather than the intellectual side of the question which impressed itself upon

his mind. Doubtless it was important to teach boys something more than the

bleak rigidities of the ancient tongues; but how much more important to instill

into them the elements of character and the principles of conduct! His great

object, throughout his career at Rugby, was, as he repeatedly said, to “make

the school a place of really Christian education.” To introduce “a religious principle

into education,” was his “most earnest wish,” he wrote to a friend when he

first became headmaster; “but to do this would be to succeed beyond all my

hopes; it would be a happiness so great, that, I think, the world would yield

me nothing comparable to it.” And he was constantly impressing these sentiments

upon his pupils. “What I have often said before,” he told them, “I repeat now:

what we must look for here is, first, religious and moral principle; secondly,

gentlemanly conduct; thirdly, intellectual ability.”

Notes:

1 Dr Arnold: Thomas Arnold, headmaster of Rugby School, one of the

four best-known public schools in England in the 19th century, the other three

being Eton, Winchester, and Harrow

2 Keate: John Keate, headmaster of Eton

College

3 Ovidian verse: poems written by ancient

Roman poet Ovid (43 BC—17/18 AD)

4 prosody: the study of patterns of sounds

and beats in poetry

【参考译文】

那时的公立学校仍然是原始森林，没有受到改革的影响，基特仍然统治着伊顿公学。我们在他的学生的记录中，找到了19世纪早期公立学校教育的一张照片，19世纪的公学是最典型的，即专制统治下的无政府状态。数百个男孩——他们成群居住在各种寄宿宿舍，或冷酷无情的“长屋”，多年之后那些年迈的政客和军人提起它仍不禁脸色发青——在手持桦树枝的暴躁小老头的粗暴侵犯下生活着、纠结着、敬畏瑟缩着，这是以合法的野蛮暴虐和终日精研奥维德诗篇调和起来的生活。这是一种既自由又恐怖、既服从又反叛、既充满了乏味的鞭笞又充满骇人恶作剧的生活。基特独立统治着学校——副校长人数很少而且并不重要——他的统治风格和内容纯粹出自个人的性格。但有时，即使是不屈不挠的意志也会被目无法纪的洪流所淹没。每星期日下午，他都要给整个学校朗读布道，而每星期日下午，全校学生都聚在一起大声叫喊淹没他的声音。

从两个方面来说，这个教育体系开始受到上层中产阶级觉醒的舆论的攻击。一方面，人们渴望有一个更自由的课程；另一方面，人们渴望有更高的道德基调。随着年龄的增长，人们越来越缺乏耐心，除了古典语言学以外，其他学科都被排除在外；而基特所统治的伊顿公学所提供的这种无序和野蛮的奇观令人震惊。鲍德勒牧师说：“公立学校是恶习的座位和托儿所。”

阿诺德博士对此表示同意。他深信改革的必要性。但他的想法是很自然的，因为他的性格和受到的教育中，这应该是道德的问题，而不是智力上的问题。毫无疑问，有些东西要比教给孩子们僵硬、荒凉的古代语言更重要，但更重要的是向他们灌输性格的要素和行为准则。他在拉格比公学任职时中，曾多次说过，他的伟大目标是“使学校成为真正的基督教教育场所”。将“宗教原则引入教育”是他“最诚挚的愿望”，当他第一次成为校长时，他写信给一位朋友；“但要做到这一点，就要超越我所有的希望，这将是一种幸福，我认为，这个世界将不会给我带来任何与之相媲美的东西。”他不断地给他的学生们留下这样的印象。“我以前常说的，”他说，“我现在再重复一遍：我们必须寻找的东西是，第一，宗教和道德原则；其次，绅士的行为；第三，智力的能力。”

——摘自贾尔斯·李顿·斯特雷奇《阿诺德博士》

Ⅱ. Translate the

following Chinese passage into English. A few notes are given below the passage

for your reference.

我是1934年开始搞英译杜诗的，当时我正在美国加州大学学习。1933年我取得了英语语言文学硕士学位后，广东省政府的助学金就停止了，为了攻读博士学位，我不得不到唐人街教华侨子弟学中文。

那时中国正遭受日寇的侵略，人民流离失所。一个国家在遇外敌人侵的时候，不仅需要全国一致抗战，也需要得到世界人民的了解和支持。我感到我有责任用自己的英语修养为祖国和人民服务。

1931年我到美国后就发现，对大多数美国人来讲，古代中国就像一本没打开的书；近代中国则是一个迷。我想莎士比亚被承认为英国的民族诗人后，通过他的著作促进了新时代和旧时代人们之间的相互了解；当美国发生奴隶制度的争端时，杰姆斯·罗塞尔·罗威尔的诗曾引起英国人民对解放黑奴的同情；汉尼·维持斯维斯·郎弗罗把但丁的神曲译成英诗，促进了意美两民族的友谊；C·E诺顿把神曲译成现代英语散文，尽管很忠实于原著的语言，但是不能代替哈佛大学诗人郎弗罗的译诗，因为后者作为诗人和学者使用两种语言的配合，使他的译作成为不朽的译著。

这些考虑使我想到要把杜甫的诗译成英诗。我从加州大学图书馆借阅了所有各家的英译唐诗，以便得到前笔的帮助。结果使我失望。外国学者对八世纪中国语言的误解和歪曲是难免的，一个外国人要入门中国古代语言是太困难了。这项工作应该由中国人自己来完成。我利用上课和工作之余的晚上，选译杜诗。但是这时由于工作过渡劳累和紧张，我病倒了，进疗养院。这时我丢失了杜诗的译稿。

注：

1 杰姆斯·罗塞尔·罗威尔：James Russell Lowell (1819—l891), American poet

2 汉尼·维特斯维斯·郎弗罗：Henry Wadsworth Longfellow (1807—1882), American poet

3 但丁的神曲：Dante’s Divine Comedy

4 C·E诺顿：Charles

Eliot Norton (1827—1908), American writer

5 疗养院：sanatorium

【参考译文】

I began to translate

Du Fu’s poetry into English in 1934, when I was studying at the University of

California in the United States. After I received my master’s degree in English

language and literature in 1933, the financial aid of the government of Guangdong

Province ceased. In order to study for a doctorate, I have to come to Chinatown

to teach Chinese to overseas Chinese’s children.

At that time,

China was suffering from Japanese aggression and people were displaced. When a

country is invaded by an enemy, it needs not only the national consensus, but

also the understanding and support of the world people. I felt that I had the

responsibility to use my English to serve the motherland and the people.

When I came to

the United States in 1931, I found that for most Americans, ancient China was

like a book that had not been opened and modern China was a mystery. I thought

that after being recognized as a British national poet, Shakespeare had promoted

mutual understanding between people in the new era and the old times through

his work. When the dispute over slavery in the United States occurred, the poem

of James Russell Lowell caused the British people’s sympathy for the liberation

of the slaves. Henry Wadsworth Longfellow translated Dante’s Divine Comedy

into English poetry and promoted the friendship between the two peoples of

Italy and the United States. Charles Eliot Norton translated Dante’s Divine Comedy

into English prose, but did not take the place of Harvard poet Longfellow’s

poetry translation, for the latter, as a poet and scholar, coordinated the two

languages and made his translation become an immortal work.

These

considerations made me think of translating Du Fu’s poems into English poetry. I

borrowed all the English translation of Tang poems from the university of

California library to get help from my predecessors. But the result was

disappointing. It was unavoidable for foreign scholars to misunderstand and

distort the Chinese language in eighth century. It was too difficult for a

foreigner to understand the ancient Chinese language. The work should be done

by the Chinese themselves. I took advantage of the rest of class and work to select

some poems of Du Fu to translate. But I fell ill and went to the sanatorium

because of the job transition and tension. At this time I lost the draft

translation of Du Fu’s poems.

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