北京第二外国语学院261英语（二外）考研真题及辅导用书

考研真题

1. 北京第二外国语学院《261英语（二外）》历年考研真题

2. 全国名校二外英语考研真题

考研指导书

1. 2026年考研二外英语专用教材

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北京第二外国语学院《261英语（二外）》历年考研真题AI讲解

书籍目录

部分内容

2002年北京第二外国语学院211英语考研真题及详解

Ⅰ. Cloze (10%)

Directions: There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there
are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should choose the One answer that
best fits into the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer
Sheet with a single line through the center.

Americans like
to do business without leaving their cars. You’ll (1) _____ drive-in banks,
drive-in restaurants, drive-in churches and drive-in movies.

When (2) _____
in the U.S., it’s a good idea to have an international driver’s (3) _____ if
you don’t have a state license. Each of the fifty states (4) _____ its own
traffic laws. For example, in some states drivers can pump their own gas as
self-service islands (5) _____ in others this is not allowed. Drivers (6) _____
and understand the laws (7) _____ they don’t live in the state. Get information
when you cross the (8) _____ into a state at a tourist information center.

There is a
national speed limit of 55 miles per hour, (9) _____ about 80 kilometers per
hour. Americans usually start and stop slowly and are generally polite about
letting cars enter busy streets. They usually stop for people who are walking
to let them (10) _____ the street. In many states you may turn right after
stopping at a corner, even if there is a (11) _____ light. On some roads there
may be minimum speed.

If you rent a
car, ask the company (12) _____ in case your car (13) _____. Some companies
will ask you to call a special number. (14) _____ will want you to have the car
(15) _____. They will deduct the cost of the repair from your bill.

“Mileage” can
mean two things. It may mean the total number of miles a car (16) _____. We say,
“This car has 10,000 miles on it; it has low mileage.” (17) _____, “gas
mileage” is the number of miles a car can travel on one U.S. gallon of gas. For
example, a big car that (18) _____ 25 miles to the gallon gets very good
mileage. A small economy car should get (19) _____ 35 miles to the gallon when
it’s new.

If you want to
rent a vehicle you can (20) _____, you should ask about RV’s recreational
vehicles. You don’t need a car to pull an RV—you can drive it! Yet it’s as big
as a house trailer. You can also rent a camping trailer.

1 A. look into

B. catch a
glimpse

C. take a glance

D. see

2 A. driving

B. to drive

C. being driven

D. to be driven

3 A. ID card

B. lease

C. passport

D. license

4 A. have

B. share

C. has

D. shared

5 A. when

B. if

C. as

D. while

6 A. are expected to know

B. are expected
knowing

C. expected to
know

D. expected
knowing

7 A. until

B. even if

C. in case

D. when

8 A. territory

B. border

C. suburbs

D. line

9 A. and

B. or so

C. or else

D. or

10 A. to across

B. across

C. to cross

D. cross

11 A. yellow

B. green

C. red

D. brown

12 A. to do what

B. what to do

C. what do

D. what should
do

13 A. breaks out

B. breaks down

C. breaks off

D. breaks up

14 A. Others

B. The other

C. Another

D. The others

15 A. repair

B. repaired

C. repairing

D. to be
repaired

16 A. has been driving

B. has driven

C. is driven

D. has been
driven

17 A. On another hand

B. On one hand

C. On the other
hand

D. On the other
hands

18 A. got

B. gets

C. getting

D. has got

19 A. at least

B. at less

C. at last

D. at lest

20 A. sleep at

B. sleep over

C. sleep on

D. sleep in

【答案与解析】

1 D 
上文提到“美国人喜欢不离开他们的车完成一切业务”，空格所在处则举例说明。see看到；普通用词。look into调查；观察。catch a glimpse瞥见。take a glance看一眼。句意：你会看到免下车的银行，免下车餐馆，免下车的教堂和免下车电影院。

2 A 
本文主要讲的是关于开车的问题，并根据后文提到的“如果没有州驾驶证，带上国际驾驶证也是不错的”可知是在美国开车，所以用现在分词表示主动语态。

3 D 
根据后文出现的state license可知此处应该指的是international license（国际驾驶证），与后文形成对应。

4 C 
主语为each of+复数名词时，为单数概念，故谓语动词也应该是单数形式。这里表达的意思是“50个州各自有不同的法律”，是在描述客观事实，故用一般现在时。

5 D 
空格前文提到“在一些州司机可以自己给汽车加油”，下文则说“在有些州这是不被允许的”，由此可知句子间存在对比转折关系，所以应该选while，意为“然而；但是”。

6 A  be
expected to do sth.被期望做某事；固定搭配。这里指的是“司机被期望要知道和理解这些法律”。

7 B  even if即使；引导让步状语从句。句意：司机应该知道和理解这些法律即使他们不住在这个州。

8 B  cross the border越过边境；固定搭配。句中指的是越过州界。

9 D  or或者；连接两个数字，表示选择。句意：全国的车速限制是每小时55英里或80英里。

10 D  let sb. do sth.让某人做某事；用动词原形。cross the street过马路；固定搭配。

11 C  even
if即使；引导让步状语从句。句意是“在许多州即使是红灯，你也可以在路口右转”。

12 B 
ask sb. what to do意为“询问某人怎么办”。疑问词+动词不定式表示一种省略，完整结构应该是ask the company what you should do。

13 B  break
down（机器等）发生故障，失灵；抛锚。句意：如果你想租车，你应该问问租车公司该怎样做以防车子出故障。

14 A  some…others…意为“一些……另一些”，没有具体的范围，单纯表示列举。

15 B  have
sth. done表示“让事情发生；使某人做某事”。这里指的是“另一些公司会想让你找人把车修好”。

16 D  里程可以指汽车已经行驶过的总英里数。car和动词drive之间存在动宾关系，所以应该用被动语态；用现在完成时表示到现在为止的总里程数，并且数字还会持续变化下去。

17 C  上文提到“里程包括两种含义，一种是汽车已经行驶了多少英里”。空格后又列举了另外一种含义，所以应该选on the other hand，意为“另一方面”。

18 B  通过分析句子结构可知空格处为定语从句的谓语动词。主句为一般现在时，且先行词为单数概念，故从句谓语动词也应该保持一致，答案选B。

19 A  小型经济型汽车一加仑汽油所行驶的里程会更长，所以选at least，意为“至少”。句意：一辆小型经济型轿车在新开的时候，至少每加仑汽油要跑35英里。

20 D 
sleep in the car睡在车里；固定搭配。句意：如果你想租一辆能在里面睡觉的车，你应该询问一下房车的休闲车类。

Ⅱ. Reading Comprehension
(50%)

Section A (40%)

Directions: There are 4 passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some
questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there arc choices marked
A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding
letter on the Answer Sheet with a singe line through the center.

Questions 1 to 5 are
based on the following passage.

Bond had walked
for only a few minutes when it suddenly occurred to him that he was being
followed. There was no evidence for it except a slight tingling of the scalp
and an extra awareness of the people near him, but he had faith in his sixth
sense and he at once topped in from of the shop window he was passing and
looked casually back along 46^th Street. Nothing but a lot of miscellaneous
people moving slowly on the sidewalks, mostly on the same side as himself, the
side that was sheltered from the sun. There was no sudden movement into a
doorway, nobody casually wiping his face with a handkerchief to avoid
recognition, nobody bending down to tie a shoelace.

Bond examined
the Swiss watches in his shop window and then turned and sauntered on. After a
few yards he stopped again. Still nothing. He went on and turned right into the
Avenue of the Americas, stopping in the first doorway, the entrance to a
women’s underwear store where a man in a tan suit with his back to him was
examining the black lace pants on a particularly realistic dummy. Bond turned
and leant against a pillar and gazed lazily but watchfully out into the street.

And then
something gripped his pistol arm and a voice snarled: “All right, Limey. Take
it easy unless you want lead for lunch,” and he felt something press into his
back just above the kidneys.

What was there
familiar about that voice? The Law? The Gang? Bond glanced down to see what was
holding his right arm. It was a steel hook. We, if the man had only one arm!
Like lightning he swiveled, bending sideways and bringing his left fist round
in a flailing blow, low down.

There was a
smack as his fist was caught in the other man’s left hand, and at the same time
as the contact telegraphed to Bond’s mind that there could have been no gun.
there came the well-remembered laugh and the lazy voice saying: “No good,
James. The angels have got you.”

Bond
straightened himself slowly and for a moment he could only gaze into the
grinning hawk-life face of Felix Leiter with blank disbelief, his built-up
tension slowly relaxing.

“So you were
doing a front tail, you bastard,” he finally said.

1 “Sixth sense” means _____.

A) instinct

B) common sense

C) sense of
humor

D) memory

2 Why did Bond stop in the doorway to the
underwear shop?

A) to look at
the man in the fim suit

B) to look at
the underwear

C) to get out of
the heat

D) to see who
was following him

3 What is a “dummy”?

A) a model used
for displaying clothes.

B) a beautiful
girl

C) somebody who
can’t speak

D) an
advertisement.

4 What is meant by “Take it easy unless
you want lead for lunch”?

A) You go first
slowly and we’ll have lunch together.

B) Take the gun
gently or it will go off

C) Don’t move or
I’ll shoot you.

D) Put your
hands up.

5 What does “doing a front tail” mean?

A) walking
backwards.

B) following
somebody from in front.

C) hiding behind
people.

D) pretending to
be somebody else.

【答案与解析】

1 A 
定位至文章首段第二句话。sixth sense意为“第六感；直觉”。instinct（直觉；本能）与其表达意思相同。句意表达的是“Bond是通过第六感觉察到自己被人跟踪了”。

2 D  文章首段第二句提到“…he at once topped in from of the shop window he was
passing and looked casually back along 46^th Street”，由此可知Bond的第六感觉察到有人在跟踪他所以他停下来是为了看看到底是谁在跟踪他。

3 A  dummy意为“（商店橱窗中陈列服装等用的）人体模型，服装模型”，故选项A的解释符合要求。

4 C  文章第三段最后一句提到“…he felt something press into his back just above the
kidneys.”，感觉到什么东西顶在他的腰部，他意识到可能遇上歹徒了。lead有“子弹”的意思；所以选项C“不要动不然我一枪崩了你”最符合句意要求。

5 B  从前面部分我们知道，当他往后面看的时候，并没有发现可疑的情况。后面有人跟踪的话，我们一般会说“后面有尾巴”。而a front tail则是反过来的，所以a front
tail应该是指“被人从前面跟踪了”，因为这是朋友搞的恶作剧。故答案选B。

Questions 6 to 10 are
based on the following passage.

In Utopia the
chief, and almost the only, business of the magistrates is to take care that no
man live idle, but that every one may follow his trade diligently; yet they do
not wear themselves out with perpetual toil, from morning to night, as if they
were beasts of burden, which as it is indeed a heavy slavery, so it is
everywhere the common course of life among all mechanics except the Utopians;
but they, dividing the day and night into 24 hours, appoint six of these for
work, three of which are before dinner, and three after. They then sup, and at
eight o’clock, counting from noon, go to bed and sleep eight hours. The rest of
their time, besides that taken up in work, eating, and sleeping, is left to
every man’s discretion; yet they are not to abuse that interval to luxury and
idleness, but must employ it to some proper exercise according to the various
inclinations, which is for the most part reading. It is ordinary to have public
lectures every morning before daybreak; at which none are obliged to appear but
those who are marked out for literature; yet a great many, both men and women
of all ranks, go to hear lectures of one sort or other, according to their
inclinations. But if others, that are not made for contemplation, choose rather
to employ themselves at that time in their trades, as many of them do. They are
not hindered, but are rather commended, as men that take care to serve their country.
After supper, they spend an hour in some diversion, in summer in their gardens
and in winter in the halls where they eat, where they entertain each other,
either with music or discourse. They do not so much as know dice, or any such
foolish and mischievous games. But the time appointed for labor is to be
narrowly examined, otherwise you may imagine, that since there are only six
hours appointed for work, they may fall under a scarcity of necessary
provisions. But it is so far from being true, that this time is not sufficient
for supplying them with plenty of all things either necessary or convenient;
that it is rather too much; and this you will easily apprehend if you consider
how great a part of all other nations is quite idle.

6 In Utopia, according to the author, the
primary task of the magistrates is to _____.

A) recruit new
members into the society.

B) take care
that everyone is diligently employed.

C) assign duties
to the labor force.

D) exercise
their authoritarian powers.

7 It specified, in Utopia, that leisure
time must not be spent _____.

A) in luxury and
idleness.

B) in attending
lectures.

C) at one’s
customary job.

D) in amassing
wealth.

8 Those who during their leisure time, select
instead to work at their trades are believed to be _____.

A)
unintelligent.

B) overly
ambitious.

C) outstanding
artisans and craftsmen.

D) performing a
service to the state.

9 That a citizen of Utopian may do
whatever he wishes is, as implied by the author _____.

A) impossible

B) true only
within the framework of the society’s rules.

C) desirable

D) contingent
upon the amount of work he produces.

10 It may be inferred, after reading the
selection, that the Utopian state _____.

A) is not
democratic.

B) is the most
perfect kind of social organization.

C) is an evil
concept of social organization.

D) has some
features any society might well imitate.

【答案与解析】

6 B  文章第一句提到“In Utopia the chief, and almost the only, business of the
magistrates is to take care that no man live idle, but that every one may
follow his trade diligently.”，在乌托邦中，地方官最主要的也是最基本的的工作就是要保证没有人是无所事事的，每个人都在勤奋努力地工作。

7 A  文章第三句提到“…yet they are not to abuse that interval
to luxury and idleness…”，由此可知在乌托邦，空闲时间不能用来享受奢华、无所事事。

8 D  文章第六句话提到“They are not hindered, but are rather commended, as men that take
care to serve their country.”，他们没有受到阻碍，而是受到赞扬，就像那些为国家服务的人一样。由此可知那些选择在休息时间工作的人是在为国家服务。

9 B  文章第三句提到“…but must employ it to some proper
exercise according to the various inclinations”，由此可知在乌托邦人们可以自由选择自己想干的事但必须要遵守一定的规定，必须做一些合适的正确的事。

10 D  文章最后一句提到“…that it is rather too much…”，由此可知乌托邦人可以创造充足的商品供给或需要的东西，而很多其他国家的人都无所事事，无法创造充足的财富。故其他国家有可能会学习一些乌托邦国的做法。

Questions 11 to 15 are based on the following passage.

There are desert
plants which survive the dry season in the form of inactive seeds. There are also
desert insects which survive as inactive larvae. In addition, difficult as it
is to believe, there are desen fish which can survive through years of drought
in the form of inactive eggs. These are the shrimps that live in the Mojave
Desert, an intensely dry region in the south-west of the United States where
shade temperature of over 50℃ are often recorded.

The eggs of the
Mojave shrimps are the size and have the appearance of grains of sand. When
sufficient spring rain falls to form a lake, once every two to five years,
these eggs hatch. Then the water is soon filled with millions of tiny shrimps
about a millimetre long which feed on tiny plant and animal organisms which
also grow in the temporary desert lake. Within a week the shrimps grow from
their original 1 millimeter lo a length of about 1.5 centimeters.

Throughout the
time that the shrimps are rapidly maturing, the water in the lake equally
rapidly evaporates. Therefore, for the shrimps it is a race against time. By
the twelfth day, however, when they are about 3 centimeter long, hundreds of
tiny eggs form on the underbodies of the females. Usually by this time, all
that remains of the lake is a large, muddy patch of wet soil. On the thirteenth
day and the next, during the final hours of their brief lives, the shrimps lay
their eggs in the mud. Then, having ensured that their species will survive,
the shrimps die as the last of the water evaporates.

If sufficient
rain falls the next year to form another lake, the eggs hatch, and once again
the shrimps pass rapidly through their cycle of growth adulthood, egg-laying,
and death. Some years there is insufficient rain to form a lake; in this case,
the eggs will remain dormant for another year, or even longer if
necessary. Very, very occasionally, perhaps twice in a hundred years,
sufficient rain tails to form a deep lake that lasts a month or more. In this
ease, the species passes through two cycles of growth, egg-laying, and death.
Thus, on such occasions, the species multiplies considerably, which further
ensures its survival.

11 Which of the following is the MOST
distinctive feature of Mojave shrimps?

A) Their eggs
can survive years of drought.

B) They feed on
plant and animal organism.

C) Their lives
are brief.

D) They lay
their eggs in the mud.

12 By saying “for the shrimps it is a race
against the time” author means _____.

A) they have to
swim fast to avoid danger in the rapidly evaporating lake.

B) they have to
swim fast to catch the animal organisms on which they survive.

C) they have to
complete their life cycle within a short span of time permitted by the
environment.

D) they have to
multiply as many times as possible within thirteen days.

13 This passage mainly deals with _____.

A) the survival
of desert shrimps.

B) the life
span of the Mojave shrimps.

C) the
importance of water to life.

D) life in the
Mojave Desert.

14 The word “dormant” most probably means
_____.

A) soft

B) strong

C) alert

D) inactive

15 It may be inferred from the passage
that _____.

A) appearance
and size arc most important for life to survive in the desert.

B) a species
must be able to multiply quickly in order to survive.

C) some species
develop a unique life pattern to survive in extremely harsh conditions.

D) for some
species one life cycle in a year is enough to survive the desert drought.

【答案与解析】

11 A  文章首段第三句提到“…there are desen fish which can survive through years of drought
in the form of inactive eggs.”，沙漠中有些鱼类可以以不活跃的卵的形态熬过漫长的干旱与酷暑。下文则举生活在莫哈韦沙漠的小虾的例子进行说明。由此可知这些虾也可以以不活跃的卵的形态熬过干旱。故选项A正确。

12 C  文章第三段第一、二句提到“在这些小虾迅速成长的同时，湖泊里的水也在迅速蒸发。因此，对于小虾而言，它们的生命就是一场和时间的赛跑”；由此可知这些虾需要在湖泊水蒸发前抓紧时间完成生命进程，故答案选C。

13 A  文章主要介绍了在莫哈韦沙漠的虾类是如何应对恶劣的生存环境而得以生存的，故选项A“虾的生存”最能概括文章的主旨大意。

14 D  定位至文章最后一段第二句话。句意：在某些年份里，没有足够的雨水来形成湖泊，这些卵会蛰伏到下一年，或者蛰伏的更久。dormant意为“休眠的；静止的；不活跃的”；inactive（不活跃的）与其表达相同意思。

15 C  文章主要介绍了虾类是如何适应沙漠恶劣的自然条件生存下来的，由此可推测出有些物种是会在恶劣的条件中形成一种特有的生存模式，故答案选C。

Questions 16 to 20 are
based on the following passage.

Have you ever
noticed, when looking at a map of the world, that the east coast of South
America and the west coast of Africa look as though they might fit together? If
you have, you are not alone. In 1965 the English scientist Sir Edwar Bullard
used a computer to test the fit of the two continents and found that at an
ocean depth of 2,000 metres the match was very close indeed.

It seems too
remarkable to be possible, but there is a lot of evidence to suggest that
Africa was once joined tp South America. For example, there is a belt of
ancient rocks along the east coast of Brazil which corresponds with the rocks
across the South Atlantic in West Africa.

There is further
evidence that existing land masses were once linked. The remains of a 400-to-
500-million-year-old mountain chain has been found running down the eastern
part of Greenland western Scandinavia and through north-west Scotland and
Ireland into western Canada eventually finding their way to north-west
Africa.

Then there is
the evidence from life itself. In various parts of the world today the same
animals and plants can he found on land masses separated by, in some cases thousands
of miles of oceans. Did they evolve at the same time in two different places?
It seems unlikely. Biologists believe that there must have been land bridges
which have now sunk beneath the sea. Also fossils found in sedimentary rocks
(fossils are the preserved remains of life forms) have allowed geologists to
trace the same plants from South America and Antarctica in rocks perhaps 300
million years old.

The ice that is
now confined to the polar regions has not always been so limited in extent.
Indeed during a period of the Earth’s history known as the permocarboniferous
age（二叠石炭纪）about 250-350 million yeas ago, there is evidence from the rocks
that there were glaciers covering South America, parts of Africa,
India, Australia, as well as Antarctica. On the other hand in the northern
hemisphere there were deserts. If the continents were distributed as they are
today, it is hard to understand how this could be.

So there is
considerable evidence to show whole continents moved apart, and naturally many
people have tried to discover how and why whole land masses moved.

16 How many proofs does the author give in
the passage?

A) 3

B) 6

C) 4

D) 7

17 According to lire author’s opinion,
Africa and South America didn’t move apart until _____.

A)500 million
years ago

B) 350 million
years ago

C) 250 million
years ago

D) 300 million
years ago

18 “…eventually finding their way to
north-west Africa.” means _____.

A) we can find
a way from the eastern part of Greenland to north-west Africa.

B) we can also
find these remains in north-west Africa.

C) the mountain
chain goes from the eastern part of Greenland to north-west Africa.

D) it is a long
way from the eastern part of Greenland to north-west Africa.

19 The word “glaciers” most probably means
_____.

A) forests

B) snow

C) ice

D) rocks

20 The most appropriate title for this
passage would be _____.

A) The Continental
Drift

B) The Movement
of the Two Continents.

C) The Evidence
of the Continental Drift.

D) The History
of the Earth.

【答案与解析】

16 B  文章第二段第二句指出第一条证据：在巴西东海岸有一条古老的岩石带，与西非的南大西洋的岩石相对应；第三段第一句为第二条证据：现有的大陆块曾经是相连的；第四段第二句为第三条证据：在当今世界的各个地方，同样的动物和植物都能在陆地上发现，在某些情况下，它们可以被数千英里的海洋隔开；第四段最后一句为第四条证据：从沉积岩中发现的化石中可以知道大约3亿年前，南美洲和南极洲有发现同样的植物；第五段第二句为第五条证据：有来自岩石的证据表明，南美洲、非洲部分地区、印度、澳大利亚和南极洲都有冰川覆盖；第五段最后一句指出第六条证据：北半球有沙漠。由此可知文章一共指出了六条证据。

17 C  文章倒数第二段第二句提到“Indeed during a period of the Earth’s history known as the
permocarboniferous age about 250-350 million yeas ago, there is evidence from
the rocks that there were glaciers covering South America, parts of Africa,
India, Australia, as well as Antarctica.”；由此可知大约在2亿5000年至3亿5000年前，南美洲、非洲部分地区、印度、澳大利亚和南美洲都是被冰川覆盖的，所以南美洲和非洲分隔开的时间大约是在2亿5000年至3亿5000年前，故取最早的数2亿5000年前。

18 B  定位至文章第三段最后一句话。find one’s way to意为“到达；传播到”。句意：斯堪的纳维亚山脉西部、格陵兰岛的东部发现了一条4亿至5亿年的山脉遗迹，通过西北的苏格兰和爱尔兰进入加拿大西部，最终通往非洲西北部。由此可知非洲西北部也有这条山脉的遗迹，故答案选B。

19 C  定位至文章倒数第二段第二句话。glaciers意为“冰川；冰河”；ice与其表达相同概念。大致句意：大约在2亿5000年至3亿5000年前，岩石表明南美洲、非洲部分地区、印度、澳大利亚和南美洲都是被冰川覆盖的。

20 C  文章最后一段进行总结“So there is considerable evidence to show whole continents moved
apart, and naturally many people have tried to discover how and why whole land
masses moved.”，有很多证据表明整个大陆是分开的，自然也有很多人想知道整个大陆板块是如何以及为什么运动的。由此可知文章主要讲的就是大陆板块运动和大洲形成的证据，故选项C“大陆漂移的证据”最符合文章标题要求。

Section B (10%)

Directions: There is one passage in this part. Read the passage carefully and
translate the underlined sentences into Chinese. Write your answer on the
Answer Sheet.

(1) Owners
are extremely driven and dynamic. Often they excel at more than one skill.
In many cases, production experts are also marketing geniuses or skilled
financiers. Replacing them may require more than one person. (2) Therefore,
family husiness owners should determine exactly how the business functions by
creating organizational charts. Each key member of the succession process
should create his or her own chart. These charts should then be compared. (3)
The differences will point to gaps in the management structure and highlight
areas of misunderstanding and differences in perception.

Finding people
from within the family, or from outside, to fill those spots may not be easy,
nor happen overnight. Therefore, it is vital to develop an action plan and
timetable early in the process in order to allow for an orderly transition of
responsibilities.

Few businesses,
even family businesses, grow without the help of loyal employees. (4) More often
than not, they hold key positions in management Therefore, you must keep your
employees informed about long-range succession plans. Key management must
have a clear picture of where they stand and what their responsibilities will
be in a succession-management structure. (5) Develop a compensation and
benefit structure that is sufficient to attract and retain key managers as well
as to motivate them to perform in the best interests of the business and the
family.

There is also
the matter of timing. The children you hope will take over may be too young or
inexperienced when you retire. In such cases, transitional management teams may
be formed to provide interim management until the children are properly trained
and seasoned to be in a position to manage the business successfully.

【答案】

（1）业主不仅进取心强而且精力充沛。

（2）因此，家庭企业的业主应当通过制定组织机构图来明确规定企业该怎样运行，参与交接过程的每个主要成员也应该制定他们自己的组织机构图。

（3）各机构之间的不同点将表明管理体制上的差异并突出存在误会的主要方面及观念上的分歧。

（4）这些尽职的雇员多半担任了主要的管理职务。因此，应该将关于产业继承的长远计划随时通报给他们。

（5）改进企业的劳保福利制度以吸引和留住主要的部门经理，激发他们的积极性，使他们能为企业和业主的最大利益而工作。

Ⅲ. Writing (20%)

Directions: Write on your Answer Sheet an essay entitled “Where to Spend the
Last Day”. You should write about 200 words and you should base your
composition on the outline (given in Chinese) below.

1 有人主张患不治之症的病人在医院治疗。

2 有人主张这样的病人应该回家，与家人一起度过最后的日子，以享尽天伦之乐。

3 我的看法。

【参考范文】

Where to Spend the Last Day

When an incurable patient is facing his death, where should
he spend his last day? Some people think it is better for them to stay in the hospital so that it will help them survive for a long time. In the hospital, there are not only
well-trained doctors and nurses, but also advanced equipment and devices, and
perhaps newly-produced medicines can make wonders. They also say to try
the best to save the dying patient is still the duty of the society, no matter
how much it may cost or how helpless it may be.

Other people have quite a different opinion. They say the
dying patient should spend the last day of his life at home. At home, he can
enjoy the love and warmth of his family members. This will greatly comfort the
incurable patient. What’s more, these people suffer more in the hospital. The
home is a better place for the incurable patient to say good-bye to his dear families.

As for me, I would like to take side of the second opinion.
When a person is moving towards his
last step of life, he should be
given enough warmth and love from his families. If there is
really no cure to the disease, to create some happy moments for the dying
people is of much meaning. Of
course, if possible, it is better for the incurable patient to decide where to
spend the last day of his life.

【范文点评】

文章以“去哪度过最后的时光”为题，第一段点明主题并介绍了第一种观点即患不治之症的病人在医院治疗；第二段主要讨论了第二种观点，即患不治之症的病人应该回家；最后一段则表明自己的观点：认为这样的病人应该回家与家人度过最后的时光，并解释了具体原因。

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