考研真题
1. 北京大学外国语学院专业知识历年考研真题汇总（含部分答案）
2. 全国名校英美文学考研真题详解
考研指导书
1. 罗经国《新编英国文学选读》（第4版）笔记和考研真题详解
2. 罗经国《新编英国文学选读》（第4版）配套题库【考研真题精选＋章节题库】
3. 常耀信《美国文学简史》（第3版）笔记和考研真题详解
4. 常耀信《美国文学简史》（第3版）配套题库【考研真题精选＋章节题库】
常耀信《美国文学简史》（第3版）配套题库【考研真题精选＋章节题库】
书籍目录
第一部分 考研真题精选
第二部分 章节题库
部分内容
第一部分 考研真题精选
一、填空题
1. As an American
poet of nature, _______ (1874—1963) had obvious affinities with romantic
writers, notably Wordsworth and Emerson. He saw nature as a storehouse of
analogy and symbol, but he had little faith in religious dogma or speculative
thought. [暨南大学2017研]
【答案】Robert Frost
【解析】罗伯特·弗罗斯特被誉为美国非官方的“桂冠诗人”，代表作有诗集《少年的意志》（1913）、《波士顿以北》（1914）。其诗歌多以新英格兰为背景，取材于普通人的日常生活，以自然为主要内容，诗歌中充满着机敏与智慧，平静与和谐。
2. A very influential novel in the 1960s America is Salinger’s _____
which relates the painful story of a high-school boy growing up in the world of
decadent New York. [北科大2011研]
【答案】The Catcher in the Rye
【解析】塞林格的代表作《麦田里的守望者》的故事的起止局限于16岁的中学生霍尔顿·考尔菲德从离开学校到纽约游荡的三天时间内，并借鉴了意识流天马行空的写作方法，充分探索了一个十几岁少年的内心世界。愤怒与焦虑是此书的两大主题。
3. In 1620, led by William Bradford, a group of Pilgrims arrived in
present-day Massachusetts on a ship called ______. [暨南大学2013研]
【答案】Mayflower
【解析】1620年9月16日，在牧师布莱斯特率领下乘“五月花号”前往北美。此次航行的主要领袖是威廉·布拉德福德(William Bradford)和威廉·布鲁斯特(William Brewster)。
4. James Fenimore Cooper’s claim to greatness in American literature
lies in the fact that he created a myth about the formative period of the
American nation. Yet the image he created of the American Indians has been a
distorted one. In his “Leatherstocking Tales,” the good Indians are almost
always those who stand on the side of the British against the _____. [北科大2007研]
【答案】French
【解析】库柏的《皮护腿故事集》主要讲述的是英军和法军在北美争夺殖民地，其间两军受到持不同意见的印第安人的协助的故事。
5. Melville is best known as the author of _____which is one of the
world’s greatest masterpieces. One of the major themes in Melville is _____, which
can be best shown in Ahab. [北科大2008研]
【答案】Moby Dick; alienation
【解析】《白鲸》代表了麦尔维尔对他所生活的时代悲凉的世界观。小说的主题是疏离。
6. As a reaction against Calvinism, transcendentalism in the 19th
century stressed the importance of the individual. Transcendentalists like
______ and Thoreau were telling people to depend upon themselves for spiritual
perfection. [北科大2009研]
【答案】Ralph Waldo Emerson
【解析】“超验主义”如爱默生所说，表示“任何属于直觉意识范畴的思想”。代表人物包括爱默生、梭罗、阿尔科特及富勒等人。
7. Famous for such poems as The Raven, _____ remained the most
controversial literary figure in the 19th American romantics. [北科大2011研]
【答案】Edgar Allan Poe
【解析】《乌鸦》是艾伦·坡的代表作品之一。坡死后相当长的时间里仍是美国文学史上最具争议性、被误解最深的文学家。而现在坡被认为是一位伟大的小说家、一流的诗人和具有敏锐洞察力的评论家。
8. American
Romanticism exhibited from the very outset distinct features of its own: the American
national experience of “pioneering” into _____ proved to be a rich fund of
material for its writers to draw upon. [北科大2011研]
【答案】the west
【解析】美国浪漫主义文学自一开始便具有其独特的属性。它是美国因素熔为一体的产物。它所表达的是“一种真正的新的经历”，包含着“一种陌生的特质”。
9. Nathaniel Hawthorne’s The Scarlet Letter is a story
about a woman named __________ living in seventeenth- century Boston, then a
puritan settlement. [暨南大学2011研；暨南大学2017研]
【答案】Hester Prynne
【解析】《红字》是美国浪漫主义作家霍桑创作的长篇小说。《红字》讲述了女主人公海丝特·白兰嫁给了医生奇灵渥斯，他们之间却没有爱情。在孤独中白兰与牧师丁梅斯代尔相恋并生下女儿珠儿。白兰被当众惩罚，戴上标志“通奸”的红色A字示众。然而白兰坚贞不屈，拒不说出孩子的父亲。小说惯用象征手法，在描写中常把人的心理活动和直觉放在首位。它不仅是美国浪漫主义小说的代表作，同时也被称作是美国心理分析小说的开创篇。
10. ______ was the first American to achieve an international
literary reputation in the American literary history. [暨南大学2014研]
【答案】Washington Irving
【解析】华盛顿·欧文是美国文学史上第一个获得国际文学声誉的美国人。
11. Led by Hawthorne, Emerson and ________, there arose a kind of
teachings of transcendentalism in the early nineteenth century. [暨南大学2015研]
【答案】Thoreau
【解析】超验主义运动的代表人物有爱默生、梭罗、霍桑等。
12. In the period between the end of Civil War in 1865 and the dawn of
the 20th century, modem America was born and grew into a nation of great size,
power and wealth. This was called the “_____”, an age in which American
business was gilded. The traditional morals and ideals had been replaced by the
worship of money. [北科大2006研]
【答案】Gilded Age
【解析】《镀金时代》是美国作家马克·吐温与查尔斯·沃纳合写的长篇小说。该长篇小说，运用现实主义的手法大胆揭露了美国南北战争以后，资本主义发展阶段的腐朽黑暗，作者对资产阶级的民主制度进行了辛辣的讽刺，对当时流行全国的投机流行病，贪污受贿进行了揭露。《镀金时代》出版后，很快就被人们广泛用以形容美国当时政治腐败、以及崇尚粗鄙的实利主义的社会状况，因此，从南北战争结束到20世纪初叶的美国历史时期也就被定名为“镀金时代”。
13. As a literary movement realism came in the latter half of the
19th century as a reaction against “the lie” of romanticism and _____. It
expressed the concern for the world of experience, of the commonplace, and for
the familiar and the low. [北科大2007研]
【答案】paved the way to Modernism
【解析】现实主义是对浪漫主义的一种反抗，并为现代主义做了铺垫。现实主义是要表现普通人一般的情感。
14. Whitman was a daring experimentalist. Ezra Pound, in his “A
Pact,” recognizes Whitman’s contribution to American poetry by saying that he
has “broke the new wood.” One of the major principles of Whitman’s poetics is _____
or a rhythm of thought in which the line is the rhythmical unit, as in the
poetry of the Bible. [北科大2007研]
【答案】free verse
【解析】惠特曼打破了五步抑扬格的传统，并创作“自由体”诗歌，也就是没有固定韵律的诗歌。
15. After the Civil War, the age of realism came into existence in
America. With Mark Twain and _____ as its representatives, American realism
expresses the concern for _____, and offers an objective rather idealistic view
of human nature and human existence. [北科大2010研]
【答案】Howells and Henry James; a faithful rendering of the ordinary.
【解析】马克吐温，豪威尔斯，和亨利·詹姆斯是美国现实主义的代表作家。现实主义的核心观念为客观再现当代社会现实，展现人物性格、人类本质和社会现实。
16. Declaring “I
celebrate myself, and sing myself,” Whitman extols the ideals of equality and
democracy and celebrates the dignity, the _____ spirit.
[北科大2011研]
【答案】self-reliant.
【解析】惠特曼赞美了平等和民主的理想，赞美了人的高尚、自力更生的精神和普通人的快乐。《自我之歌》呈现了一个没有阶层和等级的平等世界。
17. ______’s poetry is unique and unconventional in its own way. Her
poems have no titles, hence are always quoted by their first lines. [暨南大学2019研]
【答案】Emily Dickinson
【解析】艾米莉·狄金森（1830—1886）是美国传奇诗人，被视为“二十世纪现代主义诗歌的先驱之一”。她的诗歌风格简明直接，篇幅较短，第一句往往是诗歌的题目，意象丰富，也被认为是“意象派诗歌的先驱”。
18. The period from 1865—1914 has been referred to as _______in the
literary history of the United States. [暨南大学2015研；暨南大学2019研]
【答案】the Age of Realism
【解析】1865年至1918年间的美国文学在美国文学史上称为现实主义时期，这一时期的三个代表作家是豪威尔斯、亨利·詹姆斯和马克·吐温，他们真实地描写了美国的风土人情，挖掘了人们的内心生活，反映了内战后社会生活现实景象
19. Born in the American Deep South and writing the tragic history of
rise and fall of the people there, Faulkner was a major writer in American
literature. His ______, Absalom, Absalom! And Go Down, Moses are
masterpieces by any literary standards. [北科大2009、2010研]
【答案】The Sound and the Fury
【解析】福克纳极为细致地刻画了美国南方，福克纳的作品被称为“约克纳帕特发世家小说”。代表作有《喧嚣与躁动》《押沙龙，押沙龙！》《去吧，摩西》等。
20. The 1920s saw a vigorous literary activity in America. In poetry
appeared a great poet, ______, the
representative of imagist Movement, who wrote his Cantos, quoting extensively
from Chinese history and Confucius. [北科大2011研]
【答案】Ezra Pound
【解析】埃兹拉·庞德是意象主义的领军人物。
21. The 1920s was another golden age of American literature, which
boasted of a number of great writers. Among them, _____ is regarded as the
spokesman of the Lost Generation; _____ as an active participant of the Jazz
Age, and _____ as a representative of the Harlem renaissance. [北科大2012研]
【答案】Ernest Hemingway; F. Scott Fitzgerald; Langston Hughes.
【解析】第一次世界大战后以海明威为代表的一些美国作家自称是“迷惘的一代”。菲茨杰拉德的短篇小说集《爵士乐时代的故事》是爵士时代的标志。兰斯顿·休斯是哈莱姆文艺复兴运动的核心人物，也是众所周知的美国黑人桂冠诗人。
22. An American Tragedy by _____, a monumental naturalist document was published in 1925 the
same year as _____ by Fitzgerald appeared, which becomes a symbolist tragedy. [北师大2002研]
【答案】Theodore Dreiser; The Great Gatsby
【解析】《美国悲剧》是西奥多·德莱塞（Theodore Dreiser）的作品，同年出版的作品还有菲茨杰拉德（Fitzgerald）的《了不起的盖茨比》。
23. Black literature flourished in the 1920s in the Northeast part
of New York City called ________, where black writers from the south and elsewhere came together and
wrote free of conventional restrictions. Among them, the most famous one is ______ who outgrew the movement
as Black America’s poet laureate. [北科大2010研]
【答案】Harlem; Langston Hughes.
【解析】黑人奴隶解放后，1890年到1920年间，大规模的迁移进行的如火如荼。大量的佃农被赶出乡村，这些人从南向北迁移涌入城市。在美国黑人聚居地中纽约的哈莱姆区尤为重要。来自各区，各行各业的美国黑人聚居于此，使这里成为黑人文化中心，并将所有的黑人艺术家和知识分子吸引到此。兰斯顿·休斯是哈莱姆文艺复兴运动的核心人物，也是众所周知的美国黑人桂冠诗人。
24. Hemingway’s stature as a writer was confirmed with the
publication of his novel _____ in 1929, which portrayed a farewell both to war
and to love. [暨南大学2011研；暨南大学2013研]
【答案】A Farewell to Arms
【解析】《永别了，武器》是美国小说家欧内斯特·海明威创作的长篇小说，是其早期代表作，首次出版于1929年9月27日。通过描述二人的爱情，作品揭示了战争的荒唐和残酷的本质，反映了战争中人与人之间的相互残杀以及战争对人的精神和情感的毁灭。
25. _________ wrote about the disintegration of the old social
system in the American southern states, and the lives of modern people, both
black and white. [暨南大学2014研]
【答案】William Faulkner
【解析】福克纳共创作了19部长篇小说和3本短篇小说集。在这些作品里，福克纳极为细致地刻画了美国南方。在这些作品里福克纳描写了许多南方贵族的家族史。在这些家族发迹时福克纳就预示到他们必然的衰落。因为他们剥夺了印第安人的土地，奴役了黑人，受到了诅咒。
26. _____ was
regarded as father of the American short stories. [长沙理工大学2016研]
【答案】Washington Irving
【解析】华盛顿·欧文（1783—1859）是第一位伟大的美国浪漫主义散文家，被称为“美国文学之父”，短篇小说作为美国文学的一种类型源于欧文的《见闻札记》，该书也象征着美国浪漫主义文学的开始。
27. The most important feature of Mark Twain’s
language is the use of _____. [长沙理工大学2016研]
【答案】vernacular
【解析】马克·吐温（1835—1910），原名萨缪尔·兰亨·克莱门，美国作家、演说家，代表作品《哈克贝利·费恩历险记》《汤姆·索亚历险记》，他主张通过自己熟知的地区的描述展现社会生活，大量运用自己拖人以及地方的丰富知识进行创作，使得口语成为受人推崇的一种文学形式。
28. Hemingway’s
“_____” (1936) tells a brilliant short story about a martially wounded
American writer who attempts to redeem his imagination from the corrosions of
wealth and domestic strife. [长沙理工大学2016研]
【答案】The Snow of Kilimanjaro
【解析】《乞力马扎罗的雪》是美国作家海明威的一部中篇小说。故事主要讲述作家哈里去非洲狩猎，途中汽车抛锚，皮肤被刺划破，染上坏疽病，他和情人等待一架飞机来把他送到医院。
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