考研真题
1. 兰州大学外国语学院《211翻译硕士英语》[专业硕士]历年考研真题
2. 2026年翻译硕士《211翻译硕士英语》考研真题与模拟题
考研指导书
1. 2026年翻译硕士《211翻译硕士英语》专用教材
2. 2026年翻译硕士《211翻译硕士英语》考研题库
兰州大学外国语学院《211翻译硕士英语》[专业硕士]历年考研真题AI讲解
书籍目录
2011年兰州大学外国语学院211翻译硕士英语考研真题及详解
2012年兰州大学外国语学院211翻译硕士英语考研真题及详解
2013年兰州大学外国语学院211翻译硕士英语考研真题及详解
部分内容
2011年兰州大学外国语学院211翻译硕士英语考研真题及详解
I. Vocabulary and
grammar (30’)
Multiple choice
Directions: Beneath each sentence there
are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Choose the answer that best
completes the sentence. Mark your answers on your answer sheet.
1 The Chief
Cabinet Secretary ordered all cabinet members yesterday to search campaign fund
records for any contributions from an industry, ________ for tax evasion and
links with organized crime.
A. accountable
B. notorious
C. inexorable
D. pregnant
【答案】B
【解析】句意：昨日内阁官房长官下令所有内阁成员搜索贡献自任何一个行业的活动基金记录，他们因逃税和与组织犯罪有联系而臭名昭著。notorious声名狼藉的，臭名昭著的。accountable，有责任的。inexorable无情的；不屈不挠的。pregnant怀孕的。
2 She has been
gesturing with one hand, to _______ what she said.
A. rotate
B. facilitate
C. emphasize
D. substitute
【答案】C
【解析】句意：她一直用一只手打手势来强调她说的话。emphasize强调，着重。rotate使旋转。facilitate促进；帮助。substitute代替。
3 Other
countries’ currencies are either fixed in value or _______ against the dollar
in the world’s foreign exchange markets.
A. regulate
B. fluctuate
C. devastate
D. emulate
【答案】B
【解析】句意：其他国家的货币要么在价值上固定要么在全球汇率市场上和美元反向波动。fluctuate波动。regulate调节，规定。devastate毁灭；毁坏。emulate仿真；模仿。
4 I disapprove
of diets so strongly because I think it’s wrong suddenly to _______ your body
________ certain foods.
A. switch…off
B. deprive… of
C. immerse…in
D. rid … of
【答案】B
【解析】句意：我强烈反对节食因为我认为突然剥夺身体吸收某些食物是错误的。deprive… of剥夺…的…；使丧失。switch off（用开关）关掉；切断（电源）。immerse in全神贯注于，专心于；把…浸入水中。rid of 除去，摆脱。
5 He is
planning to go to Tehran to ________ peace moves through the Islamic Conference
Organization.
A. publish
B. survey
C. initiate
D. hoist
【答案】C
【解析】句意：他计划去德黑兰通过伊斯兰会议组织来发起和平行动。initiate开始，创始hoist（用绳索，起重机等）使升起。publish出版；发表。survey调查；勘测。
6 Too often we
act on assumptions that bear little or no _______ to fact or evidence.
A. illustration
B. association
C. resemblance
D. reference
【答案】C
【解析】句意：我们太常依照有很少或者根本没有事实依据的假设而采取行动。resemblance相似。illustration说明；插图。association协会，联盟。reference参考；涉及。
7 Both
prosecution and defense lawyers gave _______ closing remarks.
A. eloquent
B. efficient
C. realistic
D. objective
【答案】A
【解析】句意：控方律师和辩护律师都做了具有说服力的总结发言。eloquent有说服力的。efficient有效率的。realistic现实的。objective客观的；目标的。
8 That is the
rate of monetary growth which is _______ avoiding inflation.
A. symbolic of
B. unintentional
for
C. subsequent to
D. compatible
with
【答案】D
【解析】句意：货币增长是与避免通货膨胀相配的。compatible with与…和谐相处；与…相配的。symbolic of…的象征。unintentional for无意的。subsequent to继…之后。
9 In the war
many families have lost everything they _______ and hold dear.
A. cherish
B. haunt
C. breach
D. nourish
【答案】A
【解析】句意：在战争中很多家庭失去了他们珍爱、看重的所有东西。cherish珍爱。haunt常出没于…。breach违反，破坏。nourish滋养；怀有。
10 I am on the
_______ of retirement and I believe Paul would be happy to take my place.
A. verge
B. border
C. edge
D. basis
【答案】A
【解析】句意：我接近退休了，玩相信保罗很开心接受我的职位。on the verge of濒临于；接近于。on the border of在…的边界上。on the edge of几乎；濒于。on the basis of根据；基于…。
11 The
authorities were not sympathetic to the students’ demands, _______ any
disruption.
A. and would
they not tolerate
B. not would
they tolerate
C. or they would
not tolerate
D. nor would
they tolerate
【答案】D
【解析】句意：当局既不赞同学生们的要求，也不会容忍任何混乱发生。本题考查部分倒装，否定词nor提前时，句子结构为：neither/nor/no more+助动词+主语（表示也不），本题中语序为nor would they tolerate。
12 Our attempts
to communicate with another species are concerned mainly with giving orders in
our language and _______.
A. having them
obeying
B. having them
to obey
C. having them
obeyed
D. having them
being obeyed
【答案】C
【解析】句意：我们为与其它生物交流所做的尝试主要是用我们的语言发出命令并让它们服从。have sth. done使得。
13 Alex Hart is
an unusual person. I have never met _______ individual.
A. a more
extraordinary
B. a most
extraordinary
C. the more
extraordinary
D. the most
extraordinary
【答案】A
【解析】句意：艾利克斯哈特是一个不寻常的人。我从没遇见任何一个更特别的人。根据语境，主语“我”想表达的是Alex非常特别，因此用“从没遇见任何一个更特别的人（a more extraordinary）”来加强语气。
14 In the
scientific station _______ designed to record moonquakes and meteorite impacts.
A. instruments
were
B. were
instruments
C. do
instruments stand
D. instruments
stand
【答案】B
【解析】句意：在科学站，工具被设计用于记录月震和陨石撞击。此处were提前至主语前，倒装表示强调工具被设计用于记录月震和陨石撞击。
15 Each penny,
dime, and quarter _______ carefully by the bank teller.
A. are counting
B. is counting
C. are counted
D. is counted
【答案】D
【解析】句意：每一分、一角、两角五分都被银行行员仔细地计数。由于货币只能被数，因此采用被动形式；由于each表示“每一个”，be动词遵循主谓一致的原则采用单数形式is。
16 I couldn’t
mention other examples of your bad work, but ________ to say that your
performance has been unsatisfactory.
A. it suffices
B. suffices it
C. it suffice
D. suffice it
【答案】D
【解析】句意：我不能提及你工作糟糕的其他例子，但已经足够说明你的表现令人失望了。suffice it to say只要说…就够了。
17 The sun
rises in the east and sets in the west, so it seems as if the sun _______ round
the earth.
A. circles
B. is circling
C. be circling
D. were circling
【答案】D
【解析】句意：太阳从东边升起从西边落下，所以看起来太阳是围绕地球转动的。as if后一般用虚拟语气，当所说内容与现在事实相反时用过去式（be动词用were），由于我们知道太阳并不是围绕地球转的，此处就是这情况，采用were
circling。
18 “Did you
have to go to the court?” “No, I didn’t. But I would ________ if my lawyer
hadn’t been so good.”
A. had
B. have
C. be
D. do
【答案】B
【解析】句意：你必须出庭吗？不，我没出庭。但是如果我的律师没这么出色的话我可能就要出庭了。根据didn’t判断这段对话是针对过去发生的事情的。if引导的虚拟条件句是对过去事情的虚拟，用过去完成时hadn’t been，那么“我会出庭”就建立在一个虚假的过去的条件之上，用would have done的形式，完整的句子应该是would have gone to court,但因为前文提到了，所以可以省略。
19 ________ his
words with care, the speaker suggested that the Government was mistaken in its
attitude.
A. Having chosen
B. Being
choosing
C. When chosen
D. While
choosing
【答案】D
【解析】句意：字句斟酌，发言人示意政府在态度上搞错了。根据语境，修饰部分和主句部分并没有先后关系，排除A项由于是发言人主动发出斟酌字句的动作，因此采用主动语态，排除Ｃ项；表示主动发出动作时，可以省略being，排除B项，故D项为正确答案。
20 They offered
him the job on the strength of his letter. He _________ an interview.
A. mustn’t even
have to have
B. shouldn’t
even have to have
C. didn’t even
have to have
D. mightn’t even
have to have
【答案】C
【解析】句意：他们根据他求职信的优势给他提供了职位。他甚至都不用参加面试。本题中国实义动词为第二个have，意为“有”；情态动词为have to，意为“必须”，表是“非必须；不用”选择didn’t have to。
II. Reading
comprehension (40’)
Section 1 Multiple
choice (20’)
Directions: In this section there are
reading passages followed by multiple-choice questions. Read the passages and
then mark your answers on your answer sheet.
Passage A
Silence: A Story of Courage and Healing
Some say that
silence is a great healer. If you’d said that to me two years ago, I would have
agreed. “Silence,” I would have argued, “is anything but healing. There is
nothing therapeutic about keeping your feelings inside, never talking about
what’s going on in your life.” I now believe that silence is the reward you get
from great healing in addition to being the healer itself. But 1 didn’t know
that then.
I had never
understood the value of silence. I didn’t have to. My family was loud and
happy. And why not? Nothing serious ever went wrong–not that we knew about.
Sure, my siblings and I always fought noisily until our mom yelled at us to
stop. Then we’d shout and complain about injustice, but always, eventually, hug
and make-up. Within the parameters of my innocent world, I knew silence as a
lack of something: a lack of noise, a lack of discussion, a lack of feeling, a
lack of love. Maybe I was even a little afraid of the emptiness it created–the
aural darkness where forgiveness never happened; I thought I knew … I was
very wrong.
Jaime entered my
life without much fanfare about two years ago. I’ll never forget the day I met
him. My university required a community service stint to graduate, and I wanted
to get it out of the way. I’d heard that the local YMCA was a good resource,
and I liked working with little kids. I thought maybe they’d let me teach
swimming. So on a cool October day in the fall of my sophomore year, I made my
way to the YMCA looking for easy credits.
I didn’t have a
car at school until my junior year of college, so if I needed to go anywhere, I
would generally catch a ride with a friend or walk. On that particular day, no
friend was available and the ten-mile walk was far beyond my dedication to
public service. Consequently, I was at the mercy of public transportation.
Thankfully, I’d heard the local bus system was pretty reliable. With the
help of the CITA bus line map, I climbed onto Bus Route 3, paid my fifty cents,
and scanned for a seat. Buses often have their own unique demographic: each
crowd is unlike any other. On this bus, most everyone was either asleep or
totally oblivious. Except for one kid. He wasn’t all that big-maybe thirteen
years old-and he seated by himself, farther apart from the other riders than
seemed possible in such a crowed space. Unlike the others, his eyes were alert.
And they were glued on me.
Normally, I
ignore people with such awkward habits. But for some reason, I couldn’t stop
starting back. Older still, instead of avoiding him, I found myself passing an
empty seat to sit on the bench beside him. Once I did, he turned to look out
the window. That’s when the strangeness of it all hit me, and I started to feel
a little awkward. I wanted to get back control of the situation. Trying to be
subtle, I looked him over. I noticed some scarring on his hands, and a small
gash on his cheek. Suddenly, He turned and looked me in the eye. Expecting him
to say something, I just waited, watching. He said nothing. After about fifteen
seconds, I couldn’t take the silence anymore.
“Hi,” I said,
trying not to appear as nervous as I felt. No response. He just kept staring.
“I’m Katie.” I added a smile. Again, I received no response. I gave it one more
try.
“I’ve never used
the bus system before. It seems pretty reliable. Do you use it a lot?” Silence.
My cheery voice sounded out of place. Other people were starting to stare at
me. This time I gave UP and tamed my head toward the front of the bus, trying
to ignore the thirteen-year-old staring me down… again, I opened my cell
phone to check the time and saw that only two minutes had passed. This was
going to be the longest bus ride ever. Then a thin voice cut through the
silence. “I’m Jaime.”
My heart skipped
a beat. Could it be that my silence was the catalyst for this small victory? By
allowing Jaime the room that silence allows to make his own decision about
talking to me, I had made a connection. Suddenly, I knew that my long heed
opinion of silence was forever changed.
1 Which of the
following best describes the structure of the passage?
A. A dialogue
between two people in which both relate their reasons for travel in an almost
equal amount of detail
B. An account of
the narrator’s perspective of meeting a life-changing new person for the first
time.
C. A character
sketch of two people as related by a narrator who knows both of them and their
thoughts.
D. A detailed
narration the narrator’s community service projects accompanied by a
description one of the people she helped.
2 Based on the
passage, which of the following statements best describes the overall attitude
of the narrator towards the boy?
A. The boy’s
quiet, composed behavior challenges the narrator and makes her initially
uncomfortable.
B. The boy’s
aggressive behavior frightens the narrator and makes her angry.
C. The boy’s
friendly demeanor relaxes the narrator and makes her more thoughtful.
D. The boy’s
apathy provokes the narrator and makes her wistful, longing for the quiet days
of her youth.
3 It can
reasonably be inferred from the passage that the narrator had been raised with
which of the following attitudes towards silence?
A. It is
pleasant and calming.
B. It is
positive and reaffirming.
C. It is
dangerous and threatening.
D. It is empty
and ominous
4 According to
the narrator, silence is usually characterized by_____.
A. forgiveness
B. absence
C. injustice
D. innocence
5 In relation
to the first paragraph’s earlier description of silence, the narrator’s
comments in lines 6-8 primarily serve to_____
A. reveal how
silence heals a person.
B. Explain how
silence can actually be a positive force.
C. clarify why
the narrator distrusts silence.
D. suggest that
silence is quite overrated.
6 Which of the
following statements about the people on the bus is best supported by the
passage?
A. The bus is
filled with fascinating people, most of whom you see on every bus ride.
B. People who
ride the bus are always quiet.
C. You might
never see the same people on any given bus ride.
D. People who
take the bus are dull and uninteresting.
7 According to
the passage, the main reason the narrator decided to go to the YMCA was that_____
A. her
university required community service credits.
B. she liked to
swim.
C. she was looking
for a new job working with children.
D. she was
exploring her new town.
8 Based on the
narrator’s account, the boy, Jaime, is best described as_____
A. sleepy, yet
hostile.
B. bored and
antagonistic.
C. outgoing and
friendly.
D. aware, yet
shy.
9 As it is used
in line 15, the word parameters most nearly means_____
A. requirements.
B. variables.
C. limitations.
D. attributes.
10 In the
passage, the narrator describes her cheery voice as sounding out of place most
likely because_____
A. the bus was
silent; most of the other passengers were asleep or lost in their own thoughts.
B. the bus was
noisy; most of the other passengers were loudly talking to their neighbors.
C. the bus was
noisy; most of the other passengers were arguing with their neighbors.
D. the bus was silent;
most of the ether passengers were watching a scene on the street.
【答案与解析】
1 B 文章大意题。作者在第二段结尾提到她曾经不理解silence的意义，直到他遇见了Jaime，并在下文仔细讲述了和Jaime相遇的情形，原文最后一段话，作者说“Suddenly, I
knew that my long heed opinion of silence was forever changed.”可以总结出本文是关于作者碰到一个人后改变了她一直以来的看法的故事，故B项为正确答案。
2 A 推断题。Jaime先是盯着作者，在第五段中部作者写到“That’s when
the strangeness of it all hit me, and I started to feel a little awkward.”说明Jaime一开始让她感到不舒服，并且作者几次尝试互动均未得到回应，非常尴尬，可以推断出Jaime沉着冷静的行为对作者发起了挑战、让她一开始感到不舒服，故A项为正确答案。
3 D 推断题。原文第二段“I knew silence as a
lack of something”作者曾认为安静是缺失的表现，以及“Maybe I was even a little afraid of the emptiness it created–the
aural darkness where forgiveness never happened”表明她惧怕安静带来的空虚感，就像黑暗，可以推断出作者认为安静是空虚和不详的，故D项为正确答案。
4 B 细节题。原文第二段倒数第三句话“Within the
parameters of my innocent world, I knew silence as a lack of something: a lack
of noise, a lack of discussion, a lack of feeling, a lack of love.”提到作者认为安静是缺失的表现：缺少声音、探讨、感受和爱，absence（没有；缺乏）最符合作者看法，故B项为正确答案。
5 C 作者意图题。原文第二段开头讲作者小时候不理解也不需要理解安静的价值，并讲述了她热闹的童年家庭生活，并坦言这样的生活使她认为安静是空虚的，从而引出下文Jaime改变了她对安静的看法，可以看出作者这样写的目的是解释她为何不信任安静，故C项为正确答案。
6 C 细节题。原文第四段“Buses often have their
own unique demographic:”说公交车都有他们特殊的人口组成，即人们可能不能在其他公交车上再遇到一样的一群人，故C项为正确答案。
7 A 细节题。原文第三段第三句话“My university
required a community service stint to graduate, and I wanted to get it out of
the way.”作者写到她的大学让他们完成社区服务，本段最后一句话“So on a cool October day in the fall of my sophomore year, I made my
way to the YMCA looking for easy credits.”写到她去YMCA是为了很简单地得到学分，即她这样做的原因是大学有学分要求，故A项为正确答案。
8 D 推断题。原文第四段倒数第二句话提到“Unlike the
others, his eyes were alert.”，并且作者希望与Jaime互动均未果，直到后来Jaime才开口说话，可以看出他是警觉并且害羞的，故D项为正确答案。
9 C 猜词题。原文第二段中部“Within the
parameters of my innocent world…”以及结尾“I thought I knew … I was very wrong.”可以看出作者认为自己当时是年轻单纯的，之后意识到了自己错误的想法，limitations（局限）最为符合逻辑，故C项为正确答案。
10 A 细节题。原文第四段提到“On this bus, most
everyone was either asleep or totally oblivious.”车上的人们都是睡着或者心不在焉的，因此作者的话在这样的环境中显得格外突出，故A项为正确答案。
Passage B
A cold wind
soothed the faces of the sweaty men huddled on the muddy field. The team stared
at the goat line and focus on game-ending, season-defining play in front of
them. Dusty air fitted their lungs with each deep heave they mustered.
For almost two
hours the men had battled their opponents on the barren football field. Joe,
the center, could see the coach describing the play to a younger player. He was
one of the grunts, a lineman, big and tall and eager to push open gaps for the
backs. The underclassman’s labored jog back to the huddle mirrored every man’s
fatigue.
The quarterback
confirmed the play and articulated it to his team. Joe saw his mouth move but
could not hear the words; nonetheless, he knew his blocking assignment. The
hiss of the crowd muffled all sound on the field. Suddenly, Joe picked a voice
out of the din, and turned his attention to his good friend Mark. “This is it
guys,” Mark was yelling. “We’ve been practicing for four months this season and
for three more years before that. It’s time we score and take home a win. Let’s
get it done!” They all clasped hands to break the huddle and returned to their
individual concentration.
Time seemed to
drag as the team marched back to the line of scrimmage. Joe glared at his
opponents, pleased by the heavy clouds of vapor billowing from their mouths.
Exhaustion was written on their faces and in their twitchy movements on the
line. He turned his head toward the place in which he wanted to force a gap,
then to the defensive end who stood fast which his hands on his knees, gaze
fixed on the ground. Joe smiled inwardly: he knew his team had beaten the other
with physical play and superior endurance. Time froze as he prepared to snap
the ball.
Joe leaned over
carefully and clutched the moist leather ball. His teammates cautiously took
their places right and left, lining up as in countless practice drills, in
perfect order. Like clockwork, too, was each man’s thorough examination of the
opposing force, scanning back and forth for a gap or a weak player, feeling the
opponents’ stares in return. Joe felt the quarterback crouch behind him. The
passer’s booming voice still did not register with Joe, but instinct told him
what he needed to know. Three staccato hikes later, he snapped 45 the ball with
speed and hurled himself towards the first defender.
Joe felt the
crunch of pads and brought his forearm under the other man’s shoulder pads.
Lifting with his arms and legs, he threw the lesser player onto his back. The
meager lineman lay stunned for a moment, which greatly amused Joe, assuming the
two yards he had sent his man back was more than enough to free the rusher to
enter the end zone. This lucid moment lasted but a split second before Joe
again lunged toward an upright opponent.
Joe turned
abruptly at the sound of a whistle and strained to find the scoring rusher.
Something was wrong. Joe’s teammates stood stunned, staring at the pile of
defensive players who had fallen on their 60 running back. Referees began
pulling men off the heap. With only a few men left on the ground, Joe could see
the ball still in the backfield, and in the arms of an opponent. He heard his
coach from the sideline: “Fumble? Are you kidding me? I can’t believe you
guys!”
His men had
turned over possession of the hall, and time ran out on the game. “We had them
beat, you know,” Mark hissed to Joe as they walked slowly off the field. “They
were dead tired. We should have 70 won the game.” Their one chance was gone and
now they had to endure the other team’s celebration on the field. Joe’s team
never liked losing, but having come so close to a victory that day meant their
last-minute defeat would, be especially disappointing.
11 Joe would
most likely agree with which of the following statements about the relationship
between the players on his team?
A. The players
take the game very seriously and spend little time interacting with one
another.
B. Most of the
players are excellent friends and maintain a lively atmosphere on the field.
C. The players
work very hard at a common goal and provide support for one another to achieve
it.
D. The players
react poorly to their coach’s hostile yelling and find strength in their shared
objection.
12 Joe can most
accurately be characterized as_____
A. self-assured
and presumptuous.
B. confident but
dismayed.
C. amiable but
reserved.
D. engrossed and
dedicated.
13 Which of the
following statements does NOT describe one of Joe’s reactions to the events of
the final play of the game?
A. He glanced
around, shocked.
B. He lunged at
his opponents in a blind rage.
C. He
commiserated with Mark.
D. He trudged
off the field with his teammates.
14 The main
point of the first paragraph is that:
A. football is a
game whose players can get very dirty.
B. the players
have all worked hard to arrive at a crucial point in the game.
C. the long
sports season can include some cold-weather days.
D. cool grass
fields are ideal surfaces for football games.
15 The main point
of the last paragraph is that Joe feels_____
A. sad as usual
about the loss.
B. frustrated by
his teammates’ lackluster performance during the final play.
C. guilty that
he and his teammates let down the coach
D. dejected by
the loss of this important game.
16 According to
the passage, when Joe observes the opposing defensive line, Joe feels_____
A. Surprise at
their resilience so late in the game.
B. quietly
pleased by their signs of weakness.
C. apprehensive
about their alignment.
D. pensive over
the strategy of the defense.
17 Which of the
following statements most accurately expresses Mark’s feelings after the loss?
A. Mark was
disappointed by the loss, but saw the circumstances that led to it.
B. Mark rejected
the loss and held to the belief that they had won.
C. Mark denied
the loss at first, but was convinced by Joe that it was legitimate.
D. Mark is
angered by his team’s failure to defeat an inferior team.
18 It can
logically be inferred from the passage that the reason the players join hands
at the end of a huddle is because_____
A. such a ritual
draws attention to the quarterback, who must announce the play.
B. the team must
have the right number of players to execute the play.
C. it reinforces
the notion of team purpose and mutual reliance essential to game play.
D. it alerts
players who cannot hear the quarterback to the end of the huddle.
19 A reasonable
conclusion Joe draws about his first block is that the block_____
A. was
particularly effective, leaving ample room for the rusher to score.
B. was
insufficient to make a gap for the rusher, who ended up fumbling the football.
C. was clearly
illegal, evident in the way Joe’s thrust sent the opponent onto his back.
D. was not
included in the original play.
20 According to
the passage, the reason the final play of the game is crucial to the success of
the entire season is that_____
A. no game had
yet been so closely contested.
B. pride is at
stake during important goal line plays.
C. the game
comes late in the season after many weeks of preparation.
D. the defending
team appeared fatigued and easy to beat.
【答案与解析】
11 C 推断题。文章第五段写到，“His teammates
cautiously took their places right and left, lining up as in countless practice
drills, in perfect order… Joe felt the quarterback crouch behind him.”可以看到Joe的队友们训练有素，共同为了比赛的胜利所努力，故C项为正确答案。
12 B 推断题。原文第四段倒数第二句“Joe smiled
inwardly: he knew his team had beaten the other with physical play and superior
endurance.”提到Joe认为他们在身体素质方面赢过了对手，可以看出他的自信，但由于队伍最终失去了比赛，由原文最后一句话“Joe’s team never liked losing, but having come so close to a victory
that day meant their last-minute defeat would, be especially disappointing.”可以看出他非常的失望，故B项为正确答案。
13 B 细节题。由倒数第二段前两句话可以看到Joe转身，很惊讶地发现球仍在后场，排除A项；由最后一段中部Joe与Mark的对话以及“Mark hissed to Joe as they
walked slowly off the field.”可以排除C、D项；由于文章并未提到B项，故B项为正确答案。
14 B 段落主旨题。由第一段第二句“The team stared at
the goat line and focus on game-ending, season-defining play in front of them.”可以总结出团队非常地努力打到了比赛非常关键的地步，故B项为正确答案。
15 D 段落主旨题。由最后一句话“Joe’s team never
liked losing, but having come so close to a victory that day meant their
last-minute defeat would, be especially disappointing.”以及Joe和队友缓慢地走下场的动作可以推断出Joe对于比赛失利非常失望沮丧，故D项为正确答案。
16 B 细节题。从原文第四段倒数第二句“Joe smiled
inwardly: he knew his team had beaten the other with physical play and superior
endurance.”可以看出Joe认为他们在身体素质方面赢过了对手，所以对于他们的软弱内心欣喜，故B项为正确答案。
17 D 推断题。由最后一段Joe与Mark的对话“We had them beat, you know,…They
were dead tired. We should have 70 won the game.”可以看到Joe认为他们本该赢过体力透支的对手，故D项为正确答案。
18 C 推断题。由第三段倒数第二句话“We’ve been
practicing for four months this season and for three more years before that.
It’s time we score and take home a win. Let’s get it done!”可以看到在Joe激励队员共同为了比赛胜利而努力，据此推断出这样的动作有利于加强团队精神和互相依赖，故C项为正确答案。
19 A 细节题。由倒数第三段第三句“The meager lineman
lay stunned for a moment, which greatly amused Joe, assuming the two yards he
had sent his man back was more than enough to free the rusher to enter the end
zone.”可以看到Joe的进攻为队友创造了足够的进攻空间，即这次进攻是非常有效的，可以为队友创造充足的得分机会，故A项为正确答案。
20 C 推断题。由于文章开头便说这场比赛是“season-defining”具有决定整个赛季的重要性，中部也透露出Joe的队伍为之付出了许多时间与努力，从最后一句话也可以看出这场比赛是他们最接近胜利的机会，因此可以推断出这场比赛重要的原因是它在赛季末尾出现，队员为此做了许多准备，故C项为正确答案。
Section 2 Answering
questions (20’)
Directions: Read the following passages
and then answer IN COMPLETE SENTENCES the questions which follow each passage,
Use only information from the passage you have just read and write your answer
in the corresponding space in your answer sheet
Questions 1~3
Once upon a
time, in a land to the north, there lived a blacksmith who had, worked hard all
his life to provide for the needs of his family. So
diligently had he labored and so carefully had he saved that his wife and his
children never knew want, and he even managed to put by a small store of
wealth. But unlike his father, the son of this industrious man was such a
lazybones that in the whole wide world there was none to equal him. Although he
was healthy and strong he did not know how to do anything but eat, drink, and
sleep in the shade, In all the twenty years of his life he had not earned a
single anna, and he never gave a thought to the fact that he was living on his
father’s bread.
Now the time
came when the blacksmith grew old and no longer had the strength to raise a
spark from his anvil. Finally he took to his bed, and when he realized that
death was near, he called his son to his side.
“l do not know
why you are so lazy,” the aged blacksmith lamented. “You cannot take after me,
for I have been on friendly terms with work my whole life long. Little by
little I acquired my household goods by toil and honest sweat. How can it be
that a son of mine cannot earn even one rupee?”
“Well, to earn
just a rupee is not such a magnificent thing,” the youth replied.
“My son,” said
the father, “show me that you can earn one rupee and all that I own will be
yours when I die. Yes, you must prove to me now that you can earn something by
the labor of your hands; otherwise, when I am gone you will not receive a rusty
horseshoe nail. That is my will.”
Now the
Macksmith’s son wanted very much to come into his inheritance, but he was so
lazy he hated to bestir himself to perform the small task his father required.
Besides, he did not know how. What a cruel thing, to have to earn a whole rupee
when he had never earned a single anna since the day he was born! But a
paternal word is a stone mountain, and as a stone mountain is not removed, a
paternal world word is not changed. His father had spoken.
The doting
mother of this good-for-nothing youth could not bear to see him suffer. When
she found a convenient movement, she said to him: “Listen, little son, here is
a rupee for you, Go and amuse yourself today, but when you come home in the
evening, pretend you are returning from work and tell your father that you have
earned the money.”
The youth was so
lazy he did not want to bother himself even this much, but he knew that something
had to be done. So he took his mother’s rupee, and with a bit of bread and
cheese he went off into into the mountains. All day long he ate and drank and
counted the birds in the sky. Then at nightfall he returned home and gave his
father the rupee, saying: “Here, Father, take it. It wasn’t easy for me to earn
this rupee. I cannot straighten my back, I worked so hard.”
The father took
the coin, looked at it from both sides, and tossed it from palm to palm. Then
he threw it into the fire. “No,” he said, “you did not earn that rupee.” With a
shrug of his shoulders the son replied: “well, you don’t have to believe me.”
And he went off to bed.
The next day the
worried mother gave her son a second rupee, but this time she instructed him:
“Sleep all day if you wish, little son, but before you come home in the
evening, run one mile. You will perspire, you will be tired, and then your
father will believe that you have been at work and that you did his bidding and
earned the money by your labor.”
The lazybones
cared for his legs, but he cared still more to inherit his father’s fortune. So
he took his mother’s rupee, and with food and drink he set out for the
mountains as before. From dawn to dusk he ate and drank and warmed himself in
the sun, but when it came time to go home he ran a mile, and then for good
measure he ran another. And when he arrived at the threshold he was so tired he
could hardly draw a breath. Perspiration poured from him in streams. He toppled
onto a bench and held out the rupee. “It surely was hard for me to earn this
rupee!” he gasped. “I worked like an ox the livelong day. I am falling over my
feet with fatigue.” The father took the coin from his son, turned it over again
and again in his hand, then threw it into the fire. “No,” he said, “you are
deceiving me, my son. This rupee was given to you. It was useless for you to
run from the mountains.”
What could the
lazy youth say? “You don’t wish to believe me,” he shrugged, smiling. “To be
sure, it’s not true.” And forthwith he lay down by the fire and went to sleep.
The
good-for-nothing youth dreamed sweet dreams, but sleep did not come to his dear
mother. She realized now that in deceiving her husband they only lost their
hard-earned money, and she also knew that all this brought no profit to her
son.
So the next day
she instructed differently: “Come now, little son. If you want to inherit your
father’s property, you must take yourself off and really go to work. If you
only earn one or two annas a day, in a week you can make a whole rupee.”
It seemed there
was nothing else to do; the time had come to obey. The lazybones worked for a
whole week. He carried something for one man; he helped with something for
another. One man gave him one anna; another gave him two. Bit by bit he
accumulated a whole rupee.
Then he went to
his father and poured a handful of coins before him. Again the old man turned
over the money, weighed it in his hand, and held some places up to the light.
Then he said: “No, my son. You have deceived me again. You did not earn this money.”
And he seized all the coins and threw them into the fire like so much rubbish.
But this time
the son was in a frenzy. He huffed himself into the fireplace, separated the
burning coals with his bare hands, and snatched the money out of the very fire
itself. “Why did you do that?” he cried. “I haven t straightened up my back for
a whole week and you want to burn my money in the fire!”
The father
looked at his son and said: “Now I believe that you earned this rupee yourself.
Someone else’s money you do not care about–that is cheap. But the money you
earn by your own labor–ah, that you make a big fuss over! So it is, my son.
Remember my words: As long as you work, you will have money and contentment,
and all things will be yours. But if you will not work, another person’s money
cannot help you, for someone else’s rupee is not worth one anna.” Then the
father willed all his property to his son and went to the land from which no
man ever returns.
21 Briefly
states the main idea of the passage.
22 What is the
most important lesson that the father wants to teach his son?
25 How is the
mother important to the story?
【答案与解析】
21 One needs to
try hard to earn money and contentment by his own effort without relying on
others.
分析文章结构可以发现，文章开头讲述了年迈的老人告诉他一事无成的儿子需要挣一卢比才能继承财产，儿子由最开始的游手好闲，变为后来的身体力行，最终由老人点明只有工作才能获得属于自己的金钱与满足。可以总结出，本篇文章的主旨是一个人需要依靠个人的努力而非他人来获得财富与富足。
22 Work can
bring about money and contentment that cannot be provided by anyone else.
根据文章最后一段父亲的话可以看出，父亲希望儿子知道，只有自己的钱才是自己的，如果他一直依赖比人，他永远也不会珍惜。中间部分“As long as you work, you will have money and contentment, and all
things will be yours.”以及结合父亲让儿子去工作赚钱的经历可以看出，父亲最想要儿子知道他必须努力工作才能创造属于自己的财富与满意。
23 Mother
spoiled her son at the beginning but then persuaded her son to work on his son
and therefore helped him to realize the importance of hard-work.
从文章内容出发可以看到，母亲首先溺爱儿子，给他钱来骗父亲，随后为了儿子个人的发展以及为了他能顺利继承遗产，在原文第五段写到她劝说儿子去真正地努力赚钱“Come now, little son. If you want to inherit your father’s property,
you must take yourself off and really go to work. If you only earn one or two
annas a day, in a week you can make a whole rupee.”，最终帮助他完成了转变，意识到了努力工作的重要性。
Questions 4~5
Those examples
of poetic justice that occur in medieval and Elizabethan literature, and that seem
so satisfying, have encouraged a whole school of twentieth-century scholars to
“find” further examples. In fact, these scholars have merely forced victimized
character into a moral framework by which the injustices inflicted on them are,
somehow or other, justified. Such scholars deny that the sufferers in a tragedy
are innocent; they blame the victims themselves for their tragic fates. Any
misdoing is enough to subject a character to critical whips, Thus, there are
long essays about the misdemeanors of Webster’s Duchess of Mlafi, who defined
her brothers, and he behavior of Shakespeare’s Desdemona, who disobeyed her
father.
Yet it should be
remembered that the Renaissance writer Matteo Bandello strongly protests the
injustice of the severe penalties issued to women for acts of disobedience that
men could, and did, commit with virtual impunity. And Shakespeare, Chaucer and
Webster often enlist their readers on the side of their tragic heroines by
describing injustices so cruel that readers cannot but join in protest. By
portraying Griselda, in the Clerk’s Tale, as a meek, gentle victim who does not
criticize, much less rebel against the prosecutor, her husband Walter, Chaucer
incites readers to espouse Griselda’s cause against Waiter’s oppression. Thus, efforts
to supply historical and theological rationalization for Walter’s persecutions
tend to turn Chaucer’s fable upside down, to deny its most obvious effect on
reader’s sympathies. Similarly, to assert that Webster’s Duchess deserved
torture and death because she chose to marry the man she loved and to bear
their children is, in effect to join forces with her tyrannical brothers, and
so to confound the operation of poetic justice, of which readers should
approve, with precisely those examples of social injustice that Webster does
everything in his power to make readers condemn. Indeed. Webster has his heroin
so heroically lead the resistance to tyranny that she may weft in spire members
of the audience to imaginatively join forces with her against the cruelty and
hypocritical morality of her brothers.
Thus Chaucer and
Webster, in their different ways, attack injustice, argue on behalf of the
victims, and prosecute the persecutors. Their readers serve them as a court of
appeal that remains free to rule, as the evidence requires, and as common
humanity requires, in favor of the innocent and injured parties. For, to
paraphrase the noted eighteenth-century scholar, Samuel Johnson, despite all
the refinements of subtlety and the dogmatism of learning, it is by the common
sense and compassion of readers who are uncorrupted by the characters and
situations in medieval and Elizabethan literature, as in any other literature,
can best be judged.
24 What is the
primary purpose of this passage?
25 Briefly
state the process by which some 20th century scholars reached their conclusions
about the blameworthiness of victims in medieval and Elizabethan literary
works.
【答案与解析】
24 The main
purpose of this passage is to argue that some twentieth-century scholars have
misapplied the concept of “poetic justice” in analyzing certain medieval and
Elizabethan literary works.
原文第一句话以引号形式出现的“find”就表达了作者对examples of poetic justice that occur in medieval and Elizabethan
literature作用的质疑。第一段第二句话“In fact, these scholars have merely forced victimized character into
a moral framework by which the injustices inflicted on them are, somehow or
other, justified.”点明这些学者其实错误地使用了poetic justice，作者也在下文举例子印证了这一观点。
25
Establishment of a theory, application of the theory to ill-fittings data, and
drawing of unwarranted conclusion from the data.
首先，Establishment of a theory，原文第一段说明这些20世纪的学者通过建立a moral framework来将不合理的事情合理化。其次，application of the theory to ill-fittings data，原文第二段列举了多个事例说明学者用例子来支持这些理论。最后，drawing
of unwarranted conclusion from the data，通过数据得出结论。
III. Writing (30’)
Drawing on your
own experiences and observations, use examples to show that you agree or
disagree with the following observation: “When life throws you lemons, make lemonade.”
Write an essay
of about 400 words on your view of the topic.
【参考范文】
Many people have
heard of the phrase, “When life throws you lemons, make lemonade’” which is
used to encourage optimism and a positive can-do attitude in the face of
adversity in life. Lemons suggest sourness or difficulty in life, while lemonade,
a sweet drink, suggests happiness. Just as Gump’s mother said in the movie
Forrest Gump: “Life is just like a box of chocolates, you never know what you
are going to get.” we live in a society which is full of unpredictable
challenges and changes. But no matter what happens, all we need to do is to
adapt to it and take advantage of its good aspects.
I firmly believe
in this saying and actually many examples have proved the correctness of it. Gump,
who was unfortunately born with a lower IQ and muscle problem, achieved many
miracles in his life. Sometimes, people think this kind of person can’t be
successful. However, this “unlucky” man gained lots of incredible achievements
and led a very contented life. He has a mother who loves him immensely and a lovely
childhood girlfriend. Although he had no talent in war, he survived in Vietnam and
won a medal. He took advantage of playing ping-pong and became a football star.
He can always use effective strategies to move forward in a positive way. While
God gives Gump a bad lemon, he just picks it up and makes it lemonade. When I
just came to this university, I felt a wide gap between reality and imagination.
My ideal college life is relaxing, free and comfortable, while the fact is
there was much rigorous discipline and military training waiting for me. I felt
depressed at the beginning. But by suffering and pushing myself to overcome
these problems, I had some new understanding towards life. Compared with other
students in local college, high-loaded schedule physical training in our daily
life make our body stronger and increase our capacity to do work more efficiently.
Life is not always what we want it to be, however, we should find out what is
beneficial to us and turn misfortune into an opportunity for growth and self-breakthrough.
When life throws
you lemons, make lemonade! Never be depressed if life throws some obstacles in
the way, remember the phrase, and overcome obstacles or even utilize them in a
positive way. Keeping the faith in mind, everyone of us can cope with life’s
challenges effectively!
【解析】
此次考试作文的话题是关于习语“When life throws you lemons, make lemonade”写一篇400字以上的作文。范文开篇解释了该习语的引申意思及意义，并引用了电影中的名台词进行补充说明。第二段，作者首先表达了对于该习语的赞同，并先后引用《阿甘正传》中主人公看似生来不幸但获得了自己人生的幸福的事例，以及个人在大学时期的经历说明了这个习语的正确性。最后一段，作者明确了个人观点，即当我们遇到困难的时候，学会克服甚至利用它积极的一方面。
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