中山大学基础英语考研真题及辅导用书

考研真题

1. 中山大学外国语学院《基础英语》历年考研真题汇总（含部分答案）

2. 全国名校基础英语考研真题

考研指导书

1. 2026年考研基础英语专用教材

2. 2026年基础英语考研题库

中山大学外国语学院《基础英语》历年考研真题汇总（含部分答案）

书籍目录

部分内容

2003年中山大学《352基础英语》考研真题及详解

Ⅰ. Reading (30%)

Green Wave Washes Over Mainstream Shopping

Research in Britain has shown that “green consumers” continue to flourish as a significant group among shoppers. This suggests that politicians who claim environmentalism is yesterday’s issue may be seriously misjudging the public mood.

A report from Mintel, the market research organization, says that despite recession and financial pressures, more people than ever want to buy environmentally friendly products and a “green wave” has swept through consumerism, taking in people previously untouched by environmental concerns. The recently published report also predicts that the process will repeat itself with “ethical” concerns, involving issues such as fair trade with the Third World and the social record of businesses. Companies will have to be more honest and open in response to this mood.

Mintel’s survey, based on nearly 1,000 consumers, found that the proportion who look for green products and are prepared to pay more for them has climbed from 53 percent in 1990 to around 60 percent in 1994. On average, they will pay 13 percent more for such products, although this percentage is higher among women, managerial and professional groups and those aged 35 to 44.

Between 1990 and 1994 the proportion of consumers claiming to be unaware of or unconcerned about green issues fell from 18 to 10 percent but the number of green spender among older people and manual workers has risen substantially. Regions such as Scotland have also caught up with the south of England in their environmental concerns. According to Mintel, the image of green consumerism as associated in the past with the more eccentric members of society has virtually disappeared. The consumer research manager for Mintel, Angela Hughes, said it had become firmly established as a mainstream market. She explained that as far as the average person is concerned environmentalism has not “gone off the boil”. In fact, it has spread across a much wider range of consumer groups, ages and occupations.

Mintel’s 1994 survey found that 13 percent of consumers are “very dark green”, nearly always buying environmentally friendly products, 28 percent are “dark green”, trying “as far as possible” to buy such products, and 21 percent are “pale green” tending to buy green products if they see them. Another 26 percent are “armchair greens”; they said they care about environmental issues but their concern does not affect their spending habits. Only 10 percent say they do not care about green issues.

Four in ten people are “ethical spenders”, buying goods which do not, for example, involve dealings with oppressive regimes. This figure is the same as in 1990, although the number of “armchair ethicals” has risen from 28 to 35 percent and only 22 percent say they are, unconcerned now, against 30 percent in 1990. Hughes claims that in the twenty-first century, consumers will be encouraged to think more about the entire history of the products and services they buy, including the policies of the companies that provide them and that this will require a greater degree of honesty with consumers.

Among green consumers, animal testing is the top issue—48 percent said they would be deterred from buying a product if it had been tested on animals—followed by concerns regarding irresponsible selling, the ozone layer, river and sea pollution, forest destruction, recycling and factor farming. However, concern for specific issues is lower than in 1990, suggesting that many consumers feel that Government and business have taken on the environmental agenda.

Questions 1-6

Do the following statements agree with the claims of the writer of the passage? In your answer booklet write YES, NO, or NOT GIVEN for each statement.

1 The research findings report commercial rather than political trends.

2 Being financially better off has made shoppers more sensitive to buying ‘green’.

3 The majority of shoppers are prepared to pay more for the benefit of the environment according to the research findings.

4 Consumers’ green shopping habits are influenced by Mintel’s findings.

5 Mintel has limited their investigation to professional and managerial groups.

6 Mintel undertakes market surveys on an annual basis.

【答案与解析】

1 YES

(文章通篇没有多提政治，除了第一段“politicians claims environmentalism is yesterday’s issue”，本文更多的是从消费者的角度来讨论这一问题的。故答案为YES。)

2 NO

(根据文章第二段可知“despite recession and financial pressures, more people than ever want to buy environmentally friendly products and a “green wave” has swept through consumerism”，即：尽管经济衰退且金融面临压力，但越来越多的人想要购买环保产品，“绿色浪潮”席卷了消费主义。由此可见，绿色消费的潮流和经济发展没有很大关系，故答案为NO。)

3 YES

(文章开篇就提到“Research in Britain has shown that “green consumers” continue to flourish as a significant group among shoppers”，即“绿色消费者”在购物者中成为一个重要的活跃群体，表明绿色消费的人越来越多。根据第三段“the proportion who look for green products and are prepared to pay more for them has climbed from 53 percent in 1990 to around 60 percent in 1994”，在随机抽查的消费者中60%的人都准备为绿色产品支付更多的钱。随机抽查的消费者可以代表全体消费者的一种倾向，故答案为YES。)

4 NOT GIVEN

(本文只是描述了人们对绿色食品感兴趣的趋势，并提出了人们出于道德关注而钟爱绿色食品。Mintel的报告只是一种总结，并没有告知该报告是否对消费者的行为产生影响，故答案为NOT GIVEN。)

5 NO

(根据文章第三段可知“On average, they will pay 13 percent more for such products, although this percentage is higher among women, managerial and professional groups and those aged 35 to 44”，即：平均而言，对于这类产品他们将多支付13%的费用，尽管这个比重在妇女、管理和专业团体以及35岁至44岁的人群中更高。很明显题干中只提到了管理和专业团体，并列信息缺失，因此答案为NO。)

6 NOT GIVEN

(文章通篇都是将1994年的调查结果和1990年的消费数据作对比，但并未提到该调查是否每年都进行，因此答案为NOT GIVEN。)

Questions 7-8:

Answer the following questions in your own words

7 What does “ethical spender” mean?

8 What’s the purpose of the writer who publicizes this report of findings?

【答案与解析】

7 “Ethical spender” means the consumers who buy goods which do not involve dealings with oppressive regimes..

(根据关键词“ethical spender”，回归原文寻找并整合相关信息。)

8 The purpose of the writer is to reflect the real public mood about green consumption and get some inspiration from green consumption in the past.

(根据短文的意思，来判断作者写文章的主要目的。)

Questions 9-12

Complete the summary using the words below. There are more answers than spaces, so you will not use them all.

The Mintel report suggests that in future companies will be forced to practice greater (9) _______ in their dealings because of the increased awareness amongst (10) _______ of ethical issues This prediction is supported by the growth in the number of (11) _______ identified in the most recent survey published. As a consequence, it is felt that companies will have to think more carefully about their (12) _______.

【答案与解析】

9 honesty and openness

（根据第二段结尾“Companies will have to be more honest and open in response to this mood”可知，在绿色消费不断受到公众支持的今天，面对这种趋势，企业应当更加诚实且开放。因此答案为honesty and openness。）

10 consumers

（根据文章第四段可知“Between 1990 and 1994 the proportion of consumers claiming to be unaware of or unconcerned about green issues fell from 18 to 10 percent”，表明消费者对于环境问题的意识在不断增强，因此答案为consumers。）

11 environmentalists

（分析题干含义，数量的增长只能是具体的、可数的人或事物，且根据后半句的定语可知，所填的内容应当是“最近所公布的调查结果中被认可的”的内容，因此答案就只能在ethical spenders，politicians, armchair ethicals，environmentalists, consumers中选择。politicians和consumers范围太大，与identified不符；armchair ethicals在题中的位置出现了“although”，表明其消极含义，与题干中的“support”不符；根据文章可知“She explained that as far as the average person is concerned environmentalism has not “gone off the boil”. In fact, it has spread across a much wider range of consumer groups, ages and occupations”，表明越来越多的人都在关注环境保护，环境保护主义者在众多消费群体、年龄及职业中都有扩展。故答案为environmentalists。）

12 social record

（题干关键词是“company”，回归原文，可以发现，除了第二段结尾处之外，第六段中“consumers will be encouraged to think more about the entire history of the products and services they buy, including the policies of the companies that provide them and that this will require a greater degree of honesty with consumers”表明关于所购产品及服务，消费者需要考虑更多，包括生产企业的政策，这需要企业对消费者诚实。因此，企业需要慎重对待他们的社会记录。故答案为social record。）

Ⅱ. English composition (30%)

以下是对竞争和合作的两种看法。请用英语写一篇约400个单词的短文，比较两种观点，并提出你自己的观点。

甲：社会在新陈代谢的竞争中实现，文明在挑战与应战的循环中发展。

竞争不仅是社会运动内在矛盾的体现，更是现代社会的根本动力。现代生产力的提高正是基于竞争压力所带来的制度创新和技术创新。经济增长作为竞争性的发展过程，导致组织与组织，国家与国家之间竞争力的变换，你追我赶的发展竞争可使落后成为先进，也可使先进沦为落后。社会就是遵循这种永恒的竞争法则走向现代，走向未来。

乙：生产力与科学技术高度发达，人类改造自然的能力空前提高。在历史上任何一个时期，人类从未像今天这样强大，强大到可以上九天揽月，下五洋抓鳖。然而人类也从未像现在一样脆弱，脆弱到手指轻轻一点，地球将迎来寂静的春天。科学技术发展到今天，这把双刃剑的两面都已是无比的锋利。面对恐怖的阴云，人类的理性在发出声声呼唤。合作，只有实现全球的合作，才能让人间多一分奇迹，让世界少一分恐慌。联合国大厦前那“化剑为犁”的巨型雕像，不正是人类防止自我毁灭的理性象征吗？

【参考作文】

Competition and Cooperation

Competition and cooperation exist in almost every field with a background of the rapid development of modern society. It is a familiar topic for people: which one is more important? Cooperation or competition? The answer may vary from one to another. Some people hold the view that competition is one of the motives to promote the rapid development of modern society. The competition brings pressure to people, accelerating institutional and technological innovation which plays a crucial role in the improvement of productivity. The competitiveness in economic growth even has a profound influence on the destiny of a nation. It is competition that shapes the world. In addition, other people think that cooperation is more important because it is essential for the long-term development of human beings. From the perspective of history and reality, people can only survive tremendous natural disasters and enjoy peace instead of self-destruction through cooperation. There is no denying that both of these views are based on facts and show us persuasive explanations about competition and cooperation.

As far as I am concerned, competition and cooperation are two concepts that are inseparable, and what we should do is to make a balance between them in dealing with problems. Cooperation is a necessary guarantee for success which is the goal for competitors. The pressure of competition often urges people to cooperate with each other in order to obtain more resources. In the process of cooperation, partners and strategies must be carefully chosen. On the one hand, the individual power is gathered together, making the group stronger to compete with other groups; on the other hand, the individual can also overcome its weak points by learning from other members and benefits from the success of the whole group. That’s what we have seen on the international stage. More and more international organizations offer platforms for all countries to reach cooperation and to improve their competitiveness. Besides, competition is the precondition of cooperation. Effective cooperation can be reached on the basis of fair competition. Fair competition means that everybody has equal rights and opportunities to compete with others, which leads to “the survival of the fittest”. The cooperation of the excellent ones means high efficiency and quality. At the same time, the backward ones will be motived to make greater efforts to improve themselves, which paving the way for the overall development of the whole industry, the whole field and even the whole society.

In conclusion, importance shall be attached both to cooperation and to competition since they are inseparable in reaching one’s goals. Without cooperation, competition may lead to gaps and conflicts between people. Without competition, cooperation may become ineffective. Steady and lasting progress will be made on the condition that a balanced connection between active competition and friendly cooperation is built.

【解析】该作文要求比较题目所给出的关于竞争和合作的两种看法，并要提出自己的观点，写一篇400词的文章。作文的关键词为“合作”和“竞争”，所给段落各自强调了其中一方面，考生可以从二者的关系角度发表自己的观点。参考作文第一段主要引出话题，并将所给的两个段落内容进行了总体比较；第二段给出自己的观点，并进行阐释：一方面，合作是竞争者成功的保证，另一方面，公平竞争是有效合作的基础。最后一段总结全文，要处理好竞争与合作之间的关系，最终实现稳步提升。

Ⅲ. Translate the following into English: (20%)

如果不是有人发明了火车，如果不是有人把铁轨铺进深山，你怎么也不会发现台儿沟这个小村。它和它的15户乡亲，一心一意掩藏在大山那深深的褶皱里，默默地接受着大山任意给予的温存和粗暴。

然而，两根纤细、闪亮的铁轨延伸过来了。它勇敢地盘旋在山腰，又悄悄地试探着前进，弯弯曲曲，曲曲弯弯，终于来到台儿沟脚下，然后钻进幽暗的隧道，冲向又一道山梁，朝着神秘的远方奔去。

【参考译文】

If the train has not been invented and rails have not been laid in mountains, you would not have found the small village, Tai Er Gou. The village is hidden in the deep and folded mountains with its 15 families who have no desire to going out of the mountains. Instead, these families are willing to accept the tenderness and rudeness of the mountains without any complaints.

Two rails that are thin and shining, however, have extended over here. Girdling the mountainside, the train line creeps forward and finally winds its way to the foot of the village. Then, it worms its way into the dark tunnel before rushing towards another ridge and into the distance.

Ⅳ. Translate the following into Chinese: (20%)

Most people don’t live, they just race. They are trying to reach some goal far away on the horizon., and in the heat of the going they get so breathless and panting that they lose all sight of the beautiful, tranquil country they are passing through, and then the first thing they know, they are old and worn out, and it doesn’t make any difference whether they’ve reached the goal or not. I’ve decided to sit down by the way and pile up a lot of little happiness, even if I never become a Great Author. Did you ever know such a philosopher as I am developing into?

【参考译文】

大多数人并不是在生活，而是在与时间赛跑，努力地想到达生命地平线上某个遥远的目标，在激烈的奔跑中，他们气喘吁吁，疲于奔命，都来不及看一眼身边宁静的乡间美景，直到有一天，突然发现自己已垂垂老矣，疲惫不堪，达不达到目标对他们来说又有什么区别呢。而我已经决定漫步人生，沿途小憩，一点一滴地积累生命中许许多多的小乐趣，即使我永远都成不了一个伟大的作家也无妨。你见过我这样的哲学家吗？

Ⅴ. Background knowledge of the major English speaking countries. Answer the following questions just in a few words. (20%)

1 Which major English speaking country has a complicated name and what is its full name? What is it known for as far as its international role in the world is concerned in the world history?

【答案】UK. Its full name is the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. UK is known for the first industrial revolution in the world history.

2 What were the main reasons for the rapid decrease of the Aboriginal population in Australia after the early European settlement?

【答案】The main reasons are that their land was taken away from them and they were forced to move to places like remote areas and islands with harsh environment. Both the conflict (with the early European settlement) and diseases have led to the rapid decrease of the Aboriginal population in Australia.

3 What was the biggest tragedy happened in New York City in 2001 and what were destroyed?

【答案】It was the September 11 attacks. The World Trade Center Building and the Pentagon were destroyed.

4 What country’s political tradition does New Zealand’s system of government follow? What is it?

【答案】New Zealand’s system of government follows the UK’s political tradition and the tradition is called the constitutional monarchy.

Ⅵ. Basic knowledge of the Chinese Culture, Western Culture and cross-cultural communication. Answer the following questions either in English or in Chinese. (30%)

1 How do you interpret this statement “People begin to understand their own cultures only after they have begun interacting with people from another culture”?

【答案】The process of interacting with people from other cultures involves the understanding of other values, attitudes, beliefs and outlooks which are different from those of one’s own culture. The more people learn from different cultures, the more they tend to make comparison between their cultures and other cultures, which is beneficial for people to obtain a full understanding and an objective evaluation about their own cultures.

2 Do you agree with such a saying as “to learn a foreign language without learning its culture is a very good way to make self a language fluent fool”? If yes, why? If no, why not?

【答案】Yes, I do. Language is the essential tool for people with different cultural background to communicate with each other. Each language derives from corresponding culture and is influenced by culture deeply. If we learn a foreign language without learning its culture, we would get nothing but the superficial knowledge of the language and sometimes we would not make ourselves understood if there is a large cultural gap between us and the other side.

3 Can you just name some features of the Chinese behavior culture and some from the Western?

【答案】Chinese behavior culture: great emphasis on family and groups; the support of traditional etiquette like modesty and benevolence; great concern over one’s reputation. Western behavior culture: great emphasis on equality, fairness, privacy and independence; expression in a direct way; the pursuit of rationalism.

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