考研真题
1. 中国矿业大学文法学院《211翻译硕士英语》[专业硕士]历年考研真题
2. 2026年翻译硕士《211翻译硕士英语》考研真题与模拟题
考研指导书
1. 2026年翻译硕士《211翻译硕士英语》专用教材
2. 2026年翻译硕士《211翻译硕士英语》考研题库
中国矿业大学文法学院《211翻译硕士英语》[专业硕士]历年考研真题AI讲解
书籍目录
2011年中国矿业大学211翻译硕士英语考研真题及详解
2012年中国矿业大学211翻译硕士英语考研真题及详解
2013年中国矿业大学211翻译硕士英语考研真题及详解
部分内容
2011年中国矿业大学211翻译硕士英语考研真题及详解
Part I Grammar and Vocabulary（30 points）
Section A Multiple Choice（20
points）
Directions: There are twenty
sentences in t is section．Beneath each sentence there are four words or phrases marked A，B，C and D．Choose one of them that best
completes the sentence.
1 Nancy’s gone
to work but her car’s still there. She _____ by bus.
A. must have
gone
B. should have
gone
C. ought to have
gone
D. could have
gone
【答案】A
【解析】句意：Nancy去上班了但她的车还在这，她一定是坐公交走的。本题考查虚拟语气的几种情况。must have done表示肯定的猜测。should/ought to have done本应该做。could have done本可以做。
2 After _____
seemed an endless wait, it was his turn to enter the personnel manager’s
office.
A. that
B. it
C. what
D. there
【答案】C
【解析】句意：在一场看似无尽的等待之后，该他进入人事经理的办公室了。因为after后面缺少一个宾语，而seemed前面缺少一个主语，所以我们要选一个既能充当after的主语又能充当seemed的关系代词，故选what。
3 _____ should
not become a serious disadvantage in life and work.
A. To be not
tall
B. Not being
tall
C. Being not
tall
D. Not to be
tall
【答案】B
【解析】句意：身材不高不应该成为工作和生活中的一个严重劣势。划线部分为主语，不定式做主语表示将来，故排除A和D。非谓语动词的否定词not应该放在分词短语的前面，故选B。
4 It is going
to be fine tomorrow _____.
A. So is it
B. So it is
C. So it does
D. So does it
【答案】B
【解析】句意：明天天会好起来的。是的啊。此题考查语法、语序和倒装。第一句话用的是主系表结构，横线处也应该是主系表，故排除C和D。So it is表示进一步的强调，说事情确实是这样。so is it表示另一件事情也如此（同前面提到的事物性质特点相同）。
5 When the
teacher told the boy to sit down, he _____ to her and said she couldn’t make
him.
A. gave way
B. talked back
C. looked up
D. got down
【答案】B
【解析】句意：当老师叫男孩坐下，男孩顶撞了回来，说她不能拿他有什么办法。talk back顶嘴。give way让路。look up查阅。get down从……下来；记下。
6 Air and the
sun’s rays create much distortion, and whatever tends to _____ their influence
is useful to the astronomer.
A. exclude
B. eliminate
C. extinguish
D. impose
【答案】A
【解析】句意：空气和太阳的光线造成很大的扭曲，只要是能够排除它们影响的办法对天文学家是有用的。exclude 排除。extinguish扑灭。eliminate消除。impose 把……强加给。
7 Through
exposure to air, water, and organic matter, rocks _____ changes known as
weathering.
A. undergo
B. transform
C. undertake
D. suspend
【答案】A
【解析】句意：通过暴露在空气、水和有机物质中，岩石会经历被称为风化作用的变化。undergo经历。transform变形；转换。undertake承担；从事。suspend暂停；悬浮。
8 At first it
seemed that the building would be all right but later it was found to need
_____.
A. installations
B. innovations
C. modifications
D. illustration
【答案】C
【解析】句意：这栋建筑初看是完好无损的，但后来发现它还需要改造。modifications改变；修饰。installations装置。innovation革新。illustration插图；说明。
9The rapidly growing
birth rate brings about a lot of environment problems, which the government is
supposed to take _____.
A. significantly
B. severely
C. earnestly
D. seriously
【答案】D
【解析】句意：迅速增长的出生率带来了许多环境问题，政府应该予以重视。take…seriously是固定搭配，意为“重视；认真对待”。
10 Which of the
following words can NOT be used to complete “We’ve seen the film _____
“?
A. before
B. recently
C. lately
D. yet
【答案】D
【解析】句意：我们以前（before）/最近（recently/lately）看过了这部电影。yet用在完成时中表示疑问或否定。
11 Due to
personality_____, the two colleagues never got on well in work.
A. contradiction
B. conflict
C. confrontation
D. competition
【答案】B
【解析】句意：由于个性上的冲突，这两位同事从来都没办法好好相处。conflict冲突。contradiction观点、意见、逻辑上的矛盾。confrontation对抗；对峙。competition竞争。
12 During the
summer vacation, kids are often seen hanging _____ in the streets.
A. about
B. on
C. over
D. out
【答案】D
【解析】句意：暑假里经常能看见孩子们在街上闲逛。hang out伸出；晾出；（与某人一起）出去玩。
13 There were
150 _____ all the international conference this summer.
A. spectators
B. viewers
C. participants
D. onlookers
【答案】C
【解析】句意：今年夏天的国际会议与会人数有150人。participants参与者。其余三项都表示观看者。
14 As there was
no road, the travelers _____ up a rocky slope on their way back.
A. ran
B. hurried
C. scrambled
D. crawled
【答案】C
【解析】句意：没有路了，他们在返回的路上爬上了一个石坡。scramble up爬上。run up升起；沿着……迅速移动。hurry up快点。crawl贴着地面爬行。
15 In the face
of unexpected difficulties, he demonstrated a talent for quick, _____ action.
A. determining
B. defensive
C. demanding
D. decisive
【答案】D
【解析】句意：面对意想不到的困难，他表现出行动快速、果决的天赋。decisive坚定的；果断的。determining为determine的现在分词形式，意为“决定”。defensive防守的。demanding费力的；要求极其严格的。
16 She once
again went through her composition carefully to _____ all spelling mistakes
from it.
A. withdraw
B. abandon
C. diminish
D. eliminate
【答案】D
【解析】句意：她再次仔细地检查了她的作文，以消除所有的拼写错误。eliminate消除；淘汰。withdraw撤回。abandon抛弃。diminish减少。
17 Because of
the economic crisis, industrial output in the region remained _____.
A. motionless
B. inactive
C. stagnant
D. immobile
【答案】C
【解析】句意：由于经济危机，该区域的工业产出依然是停滞状态。stagnant经济停滞；迟钝；不景气。motionless静止不动的。inactive不活跃的。immobile固定的；稳定不变的。
18 The police
had difficulty in _____ the fans from rushing on to the stage to take photos
with the singer.
A. limiting
B. restraining
C. confining
D. restricting
【答案】B
【解析】句意：警察们要把冲上台和歌手合影的粉丝们拦住是有困难的。limit、confine和restrict都含有将某人或事限制在某一范围内的意思。此题考查固定搭配。restrain
from阻止。
19 Joan is in
the dorm, putting the final _____ to her speech.
A. details
B. remarks
C. comments
D. touches
【答案】D
【解析】句意：Joan在宿舍里，对她的演讲稿进行最后的修改。put the final
touches to为固定搭配，表示“对某物进行最后的润色”。
20 His _____ in
gambling has eventually brought about his ruin.
A. indulgence
B. habit
C. action
D. engagement
【答案】A
【解析】句意：他对赌博的沉迷最后毁了他。indulgence沉溺；放纵。habit习惯。action行为。engagement订婚；约定。
Section B Error Correction（10 points）
Directions：This part consists of a short passage. In this passage, there are
altogether l0 mistakes one in each numbered line. YOU may have to change a
word, add a word or delete a word. Mark out the mistakes and put the
corrections in the blanks provided on the answer sheet. If you change a word, copy
it, cross it out and write the correct word to its right with a “→” in
between. If you add a word, copy the two words between which you will add a
word, put an insertion mark（∧)between the two
words and write, the missing word to their right with a “→” in between. If you
delete a word, copy it, cross it and put a slash（／)to its right with a “→” in between.
Example：
【答案与解析】
1．in→for
（“for＋时间段”常用于现在完成时中。for quite a while在很长时间内。）
2．seventh→seven
（表示“每几……”时，应该用基数词加上相应的单位而非序数词加单位。）
3．were→was
（主谓一致。本句主语one in every seven deaths 应和单数谓语对应。）
4．now→then
（from then on 为固定搭配，意为“从那时起”。）
5．the
（定冠词the通常表示特指。在专有名词等无需特指的名词前面一般不需加the。）
6．imported→exported
（根据句意，本句中进出口的对象是发达国家的抗菌素，所以只能是“出口”到发展中国家；此外，根据介词to也可判断应将import改为export。）
7．are→were
（本句显然是在表示过去时间发生的事情。）
8．vanished→had vanished
（从句的谓语动作vanish发生在主句谓语动作come back之前，故而用完成时。）
9．better→worse
（根据句意，应该是情况恶化而非转好。）
10．constantly→constant
（此处形容词constant 做宾语补足语。）
Part II Reading Comprehension（40 points）
Section A
Directions：Read the following passages that are followed by some questions respectively.
For each question there are four answers marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best：answer to each of the questions
after reading the corresponding passage. （30 points）
Passage 1
Demands for
stronger protection for wildlife in Britain sometimes hide the fact that similar
needs are felt in the rest of Europe. Studies by the Council of Europe, of
which 21countries are members, have shown that 45 per cent of reptile species
mad 24 per cent of butterflies are in danger of dying out.
European concern
for wildlife was outlined by Dr. Peter Baum, an expert in the environment and
nature resources division of the council, when he spoke at a conference arranged
by the administrators of a British national park. The park is one；of the few areas in Europe to
hold the council’s diploma for nature reserves of the highest quality, and Dr.
Baum had come to present it to the park once again. He was afraid that public
opinion was turning against national parks, and that those set up in the l960s
and 1970s could not be set up today. But Dr. Baum clearly remained a strong
supporter of the view that natural environments needed to be allowed to survive
in peace in their own right.
No area could
be, expected to survive both as a true nature reserve and as a tourist attraction,
he went on. The short view that reserves had to serve：immediate human demands for outdoor
recreation should be replaced by full acceptance of their importance as places
to preserve nature for the future.
“We forget
that they are the guarantee of life systems, on which any built-up are area ultimately
depends,” Dr. Baum went on. ¨We could manage without most industrial
products, but we could not manage without nature. However, our natural
environment areas, which are the original parts of our countryside, have shrunk
to become mere islands in a, spoiled and highly polluted land mass.
1 Recent
studies by the Council of Europe show that_____.
A. it is only in
Britain that wildlife needs more protection.
B. all species of
wildlife in Europe are in danger of dying out
C. there are
fewer species of reptiles, and butterflies in Europe than elsewhere
D. certain
species of reptiles and butterflies in Europe need protecting.
2 Dr. Baum, a
representative of the Council, visited one particular British national park
because_____.
A. he was
presenting the park with a diploma for its achievements
B. he was
concerned about how the park was being run
C. it was the
only national park of its kind in Europe
D. it was the
only park which had ever received a diploma from the Council
3 Although it
is difficult nowadays to convince the public of the importance of nature
reserves, Dr. Baum felt that_____.
A. People would
support moves to create more environment areas.
B. people would
carry on supporting：those national parks in existence.
C. existing
national parks would need to be more independent to survive
D. certain areas
of countryside should be left undisturbed by man
4 In Dr. Baum’s
opinion, a true nature reserve_____.
A. could never
survive in a modern age
B. should
provide buildings for human activities
C. should be
regarded as a place where nature is protected
D. could provide
special areas for tourists to enjoy
5 Although we
all depend on the resources of nature for our survival_____.
A. industrial
products are replacing all our natural resources
B. it is only on
islands that nature survives
C. we have forgotten
what our original countryside looked like
D. we have
allowed areas of country side to be spoilt by industrial development
【答案与解析】
1 D从第一段最后一句“Studies by the Council of Europe, of which 21 countries are members,
have shown that 45 percent of reptile species and 24 percent of butterflies are
in danger or dying out”可以得知有许多爬行类动物种类和蝴蝶都面临危险和灭绝。
2 A由第二段第二句“…Dr. Baum had come to present it to the park once again”可知Dr. Baum到这儿来是再次向该公园授予证书的。
3 C由第二段末尾“Dr. Baum clearly remained a strong supporter of the view that
natural environments needed to be allowed to survive in peace in their own
right”可知，Dr. Baum坚持认为自然环境需要平静地存在，暗示出某些地区不应该被人类打扰。
4 C由第三段末尾“The short view that reserves had to serve：immediate human demands for
outdoor recreation should be replaced by full acceptance of their importance as
places to preserve nature for the future”可知，应该充分接受自然保护区作为保护未来自然的区域的重要性，摒弃其必须为满足人们对户外游憩的直接需求而服务的短浅目光。
5 D由文章结尾“We could manage without most industrial products, but we could not
manage without nature. However, our natural environment areas, which are the
original parts of our countryside, have shrunk to become mere islands in a,
spoiled and highly polluted land mass”可知，我们每天必需的工业产品也是依赖于自然资源，但那些原本属于乡村和郊外的区域已经变成了被开发殆尽的、高度污染的地面上的孤岛。故A、B两项错误，而C项在这里不相关。
Passage 2
As we enter the
era of the knowledge society, a recent survey of 12 OECD countries provides a
sobering thought：at
least a quarter of the adult population fails to reach the minimum literacy
levels needed to cope adequately with the demands of everyday life and work,
let alone structural economic and social change. Sobering indeed and it is a
finding which poses a formidable challenge to education, social, labor market
and economic policies. In January l996 the OECD education ministers agreed to
develop strategies for lifelong learning for all. The approach has been
endorsed by ministers of labor, ministers of social affairs and the OECD
Council at ministerial level. It is an approach whose importance may now be clearer
than ever.
The economic rationale
for lifelong learning comes from two principal sources. First, with the rise of
the knowledge-based economy, the threshold of skills demanded by employers is
being constantly raised. Certainly in respect of skills, the migration from the
farm to the factory was easily accomplished, compared with what is required for
the transition to the knowledge economy. Obviously the rise in unemployment in
many OECD countries since the mid-1970s and widening income gaps in others are
a product, of this knowledge and skill gap. Individuals, with low skills have
been and will continue to be penalized. Second, technological developments demand
a continuous renewal and updating of skills, as career jobs with a single
employer become, rarer and as job descriptions evolve and diversify rapidly
under shifting market conditions.
There are irresistible
social arguments in favor of promoting education beyond traditional schooling
and throughout adult life. The distribution of learning opportunities is
already quite uneven and the polarization between the knowledge ‘haves’ and
‘have nots’ poses a new and pressing—political—challenge. Apart from
unemployment and widening earning gaps there are other problems too；those in small and medium size
firms find it harder to gain access to learning than employees of larger firms
and in general women have poorer access than men. These discrepancies gnaw at
the very fabric of democracy. Lifelong learning strategies can play an
important role in breaking the cycle of disadvantage and marginalization and so
reinforce social cohesion. And lifelong learning can instill creativity, initiative
and responsiveness in the individual, and therefore deliver better Personal
economic security.
1 What is the
finding that brings a great challenge to education, social, labor market and
economic policies?
A. A recent
survey of 12 OECD countries
B. At least a
quarter of the adult population fail to reach the minimum literacy levels
C. A sobering
thought about structural economic and social change
D. A formidable
challenge to education, social, labor market and economic policies
2 The approach
of developing strategies for lifelong learning for all_____.
A. has been
approved by ministers of labor and social affairs.
B. has been
discussed by ministers of labor and social affairs.
C. has been put
forward by ministers of labor and social affairs.
D. has been
turned down by ministers of labor and social affairs.
3 There is a
rise in unemployment in many OECD countries and widening income gaps in others
because_____.
A. the rise of
the knowledge-based economy demands workers to have more knowledge and skills.
B. the knowledge
economy needs employer to raise their skills.
C. employers
migrate from farms to factories.
D. transition of
the economy is needed.
4 With the
development and diversity of job descriptions_____.
A. a single
employer becomes rarer.
B. employees
will have to renew and update their skills continuously.
C. market
conditions will shift rapidly.
D. employees
will work for one boss only.
5 In small and
medium size firms_____.
A. employees
find it harder to study than employees in large firms.
B. women are
poorer in learning than men.
C. women earn
less than men.
D. employees have
fewer chances to learn than employees in large firms.
【答案与解析】
1 B从第一段“at least a quarter of the adult population fails to reach the
minimum literacy levels needed to cope adequately with the demands of everyday
life and work, let alone structural economic and social change. Sobering indeed
and it is a finding which poses a formidable challenge to education, social,
labor market and economic policies”可以得知这个发现是“至少有四分之一成年人口未能达到最低识字水平”。
2 A由第一段末尾“In January l996 the OECD education ministers agreed to develop
strategies for lifelong learning for all. The approach has been endorsed by
ministers of labor, ministers of social affairs and the OECD Council at
ministerial level”可知该策略已得到劳工部长、社会事务部长和经合组织部长级理事会的认同。endorse支持；批准。
3 A由第二段第二、三句“Certainly in respect of skills, the migration from the farm to
the factory was easily accomplished, compared with what is required for the
transition to the knowledge economy. Obviously the rise in unemployment in many
OECD countries since the mid-1970s and widening income gaps in others are a
product, of this knowledge and skill gap”可知，失业率的上升以及收入差异的增大是来自于向知识经济的过渡阶段产生的知识和技能差距。故A项正确。
4 B由第二段末尾“technological developments demand a continuous renewal and updating
of skills, as career jobs with a single employer become, rarer and as job
descriptions evolve and diversify rapidly under shifting market conditions”可知，随着市场环境转变下单一雇主变得越来越少、工作描述也更加多样化，技术进步要求员工不断更新自己的技能。
5 A由文章结尾倒数第四句“those in small and medium size firms find it harder to gain access
to learning than employees of larger firms”可知，中小型企业的员工不如大型企业的员工那样容易获得学习资源。
Passage 3
I do not think
that there is such a thing as ABSOLUTE religious or sacred music. What is true
of other things in life is true of music. It is relative. What is true in art
today may be deemed quite untrue by the next generation. Take, for example, the
musical consonance and discord once recognized as essential elements in music. Modem
composers and musicians do not recognize the old order of things. The Gregorian
Chant has been associated in Christian nations with religion for hundreds of
years, so it invokes within us religious feeling. In a non-Christian land the
same chant might re-use martial sentiment, if it had been used there for that
purpose TRADITIONALLY. Play the Gregorian chant to an Australian bushman and it
may not affect him devotionally at all-but a certain crude melody of his own
will. At the same time, his wild music may inspire feelings of a quite
different nature in others in a different environment.
The same is true
of the music of different musical instruments. The horn has been associated
with the chase. When we think of the chase we instinctively think of the horn.
The guitar is associated with romance—a gondola（平底鞋）under the Rialto in Venice, or a young man
under a window in Seville. Nowadays, we associate war with trumpet and drum—the
instruments of fire and fury. But in ancient Greece the bards were wont to lash
the country into feverish martial activities by singing and playing on the
lyre. The Gaelic bards did the same. Now, the lyre is to US an instrument of
tender tones and romantic feeling.
During the
exciting days of the French Revolution the singing of the Marseillaise was thought
more dangerous by those in power than incendiary speeches or weapons of war. It
inspired people to make sacrifices; it roused them to fight and to die
fighting. I am certain that, in a country that knows nothing about the French
Revolution or of this great song of France, the Marseillaise could be
effectively used for religious revival.
Art, then is influenced
by environment, education, and association of ideas. Art, like love, is a state
of mind and heart, and the art of music more so than other arts. The arts of
poetry, painting, and sculpture have tangible forms. But music is formless it
is all feeling. For that reason it is the more dynamic, and produces a deeper
emotional effect.
1 What is the
main idea of the passage?
A. Music is
formless.
B. Music is
relative.
C. Music is
influenced by environment.
D. Music is more
dynamic than other art forms.
2 The author
mentions “the musical consonance and discord”(in paragraph 1)in order
to_____.
A. illustrate
how people’s idea change about music.
B. explain more
clearly what modem music is.
C. show the old
order of music compositions.
D. demonstrate what
were the essential elements in music.
3 Which of the
following statements is NOT true of the Marseillaise?
A. Some people
feared it more than weapons.
B. It was
popular during the French Revolution.
C. In some
countries it was used for religious purposes.
D. It inspired
the French revolutionaries to fight bravely.
4 Compared with
other art forms, music_____.
A. changes more
slowly.
B. is less
ideal.
C. is not
regarded as so sacred.
D. has greater
association with one’s heart.
5 Music is the
same as musical instruments in a way that both of them_____.
A. are
traditionally sacred.
B. rare
absolutely affecting
C. inspire
people’s feelings differently.
D. produce deep
social effect.
【答案与解析】
1 D文章第一段介绍了音乐审美的相对性，第二段提到乐器所能引发人们不同的联想，第三段通过《马赛曲》说明音乐的感染力是无国界的、其功能也是可以改变的，第四段以音乐的变幻无形作为结尾。由此可知A、B、C三个选项都只是关注到了某一个方面，D项符合文章的核心观点。
2 A由该表达所在的上下文“What is true in art today may be deemed quite untrue by the next
generation. Take, for example, the musical consonance and discord once
recognized as essential elements in music. Modem composers and musicians do not
recognize the old order of things”可知，作者的目的是举例说明一些旧时的创作标准放到现代已经不合时宜了，表现音乐审美的变化。
3 A由第三段可知，《马赛曲》在法国大革命期间广为传唱，鼓舞着人们视死如归地去战斗，被当局者视为比战斗演讲或者武器还要严重的威胁（the singing of the Marseillaise was thought more dangerous by those
in power than incendiary speeches or weapons of war），这里只是一种夸张的表达，并不是乐曲本人让人感到恐惧。故A错误。
4 D由最后一段第二句“Art, like love, is a state of mind and heart, and the art of music
more so than other arts”可知，音乐在与人的心灵和精神的关联上要比其他艺术性更为尤甚。
5 C由第一段末尾和第二段开头“At the same time, his wild music may inspire feelings of a quite
different nature in others in a different environment. The same is true of the
music of different musical instruments”可知，音乐和乐器的共同点是在不同的环境中激发迥异的感受。
Section B
Directions：Read the passage carefully and then answer the questions or complete
the statements in the fewest possible words. （10 points）
Hard work over a
long period of time brings genuine tiredness, to which body and mind eventually
make the natural response of sleep. But long before this point is reached we
are often afflicted with lassitude. After a day’s work, for instance, we settle
down in an easy chair to watch television. Before long we feel drowsy and nod
off to sleep perhaps, we stay in front of the screen all evening,
intermittently dozing, until finally we decide that our day’s work was exhausting
and we retire to bed early. On another occasion, after a similar day’s work, we
may spend the evening playing tennis, or building a needed bookcase, or mapping
out a planned addition to the house, or in delightful conversation with
charming friends, without any feeling of exhaustion or weariness. Now, on the
television evening were we genuinely tired or not? And is such an evening
refreshing or exhausting?
There is a need for
much more careful study of the nature of play, rest, and fatigue, and the
relationship between them. Cyril Burt carried out an experiment with two
matched groups of children who were very backward in arithmetic. One group was
given an extra arithmetic lesson every afternoon while the other group slept.
At the end of the term the “sleepers” had improved in arithmetic more
than those specially coached. Of course, there are many Variables that might be
causally involved here, but the results should make US question the assumption that
work is the productive sphere and “play” the unproductive sphere.
We all need to
rest. But in order to understand the kind of rest an organism needs, we must study
the nature of the organism. After running to catch a train, our lungs are
overworked and need to rest. The way in which they rest, however, is by
gradually returning to the normal rhythm of breathing, not by stopping. This is
because they are built for action. Similarly everything intended to act, from
muscles to minds, can find rest in natural action as well as in inertia. “To
act in accordance with the hidden law of nature—that is rest,” said Maria Montessori, “and
in this special case, since man is meant to be an intelligent creature, the
more intelligent his acts are, the more he finds rest in them.” Leisure
should be regarded not as an opportunity to collapse, but as an opportunity to
seek out ways of acting that are suitable to our nature but are not encouraged
or permitted by our working conditions.
Questions：
1 From the part
dealing with watching TV as a way of rest we can infer that the author
2 Cyril Burt’s
experiment suggests that
3 What kind of
rest does the writer think most beneficial to us.
4 The phrase
“an opportunity to collapse” means
5 What is the
writer’s attitude toward “appropriate rest”?
【答案与解析】
66 found the
boundaries between play, rest, and fatigue are quite blurred.
（由第一段结尾和第二段开头“Now, on the television evening
were we genuinely tired or not? And is such an evening refreshing or
exhausting? There is a need for much more careful study of the nature of play,
rest, and fatigue, and the relationship between them”，可知看电视这个例子引发了作者对玩、劳、逸的定义和关系的思考。）
67 work is not
necessarily the productive sphere
（由第二段结尾“the results should make US
question the assumption that work is the productive sphere and play the
unproductive sphere”，可知实验结果应该使我们质疑工作是生产性领域而玩耍时非生产性领域的假设。）
68 To act in
accordance with the hidden law of nature
（由最后一段第三句“The way in which they rest,
however, is by gradually returning to the normal rhythm of breathing, not by
stopping”以及后面Maria Montessori的话“To act in
accordance with the hidden law of nature—that is rest”可知，真正对我们有益的休息是按照体内的自然规律去行动。）
69 It means
interruption of the normal rhythm of our organisms.
（由最后一段可知，休息是将身体机能逐渐恢复到一个常规的自然节律，而不是将其打断、中止，给一个人在工作条件所允许或者鼓励的情况下完全松垮掉的机会。）
70 Agreeable
（通读全文可知，作者虽然没有直接表达出对该理论的态度，但就“什么是真正的休息”这个中心话题，只从正面列出了这一种理论。由此可以推断，作者对这种理论至少是赞同的。）
Part III Writing（30
points）
Directions：Write an essay of about 400 words.
In the first
part of your essay you should state clearly your main argument, and in the second
part you should support your argument with appropriate details. In the last
part you should bring what you have written to a natural conclusion or make a
summary. And you should supply an appropriate title for your essay.
Marks will be
awarded for content, organization, grammar and appropriateness. Failure to
follow the above instructions may result in a loss of marks.
Recently
newspapers have reported that officials in a little-known mountainous area near
Guiyang, Guizhou Province wanted to turn the area into a central business
district for Guiyang and invited a foreign design company to give it an
entirely new look. The design company came up with a blueprint for
unconventional, super-futuristic buildings. This triggered off different responses.
Some appreciated the bold innovation of the design, but others held that it
failed to reflect regional characteristics or local cultural heritage. What is
your view on this?
【参考范文】
The controversy
over the unconventional, super-futuristic design of buildings in Guiyang is
representative of an inevitable question for any places across the world that
seek development: the dilemma between the old and the new, the aboriginal and
the exotic, the local and the global, especially when it involves an external
force, which in a way is assumed more advanced. In the case of Guiyang, such
force would be the foreign design company that proposed such a blueprint. Bear
in mind that it is invited to give the area “an entirely new look”, which is destined
to elicit two opposite opinions in society because human mind is programmed to
have mixed feelings toward change, which means both opportunities and risks. To
make the issue more complex, the controversy over the design is not just about
its unusualness but also about its foreignness.
The design of
architecture should serve multiple purposes: aesthetics, utility, and most
importantly the representation of the culture in that community. The function
as identity marker of buildings is not unlike that of regional dialects. There
is an upside for dialect speakers to acquire the standard Mandarin and it would
be no big deal that they learn a second and third language. But crisis comes
when they detach with their mother tongue and their local identity for only
economic concerns. Bold as the futurist style may be, is that everything this
place need, being “avant-garde”? Is it necessary for the CBD of Guiyang to look like all the other metropolitans?
Where will be those characteristics of the city itself?
Directly buying
ideas from foreign design company is better than plagiarism, though I wouldn’t
say it is the best way of innovation—it is the convenient way. It can refresh
the city’s image in a comparatively short period while authentic changes take a
long process. The case of Guiyang reflects the pursuit for short-term interests
throughout the country—cities desire quick completion of goals and people want
effortless success regardless that such accomplishment is by face value.
And if everyone
sticks with the convenient option, looking up to the same criteria of beauty
and good, this world will end up a cultural wasteland. I’m not suggesting that
we should reject wisdoms and experiences from abroad, but that it is dangerous
to fall into a western gaze when examining ourselves. Opening up and embracing
diversity is not based on sacrifice of one’s own identity, but on the contrary,
showing both respect to the other and the self.
【解析】
本文要求对贵阳市中心商务区饱受争议的新式建筑发表观点。在写此类议论文时，可以从该问题产生的源头（在变革中处理新旧文化、本土文化与外来文化的关系问题）出发，挖掘现象所折射出的本质（城市发展追求短期利益、盲目追求西方审美、忽视本地文化身份的独立性）问题，再提出相应的解决思路（尊重文化多样性、增强本土文化认同）。
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