考研真题
1. 东华大学外语学院《211翻译硕士英语》[专业硕士]历年考研真题
2. 2026年翻译硕士《211翻译硕士英语》考研真题与模拟题
考研指导书
1. 丁往道《英语写作手册（中文版）》（第2版）笔记和考研真题
2. 2026年翻译硕士《211翻译硕士英语》考研题库
东华大学外语学院《211翻译硕士英语》[专业硕士]历年考研真题AI讲解
书籍目录
2011年东华大学211翻译硕士英语考研真题及详解
2012年东华大学211翻译硕士英语考研真题及详解
2013年东华大学211翻译硕士英语考研真题及详解
2014年东华大学211翻译硕士英语考研真题及详解
2016年东华大学211翻译硕士英语考研真题及详解
部分内容
2011年东华大学211翻译硕士英语考研真题及详解
Part I. Vocabulary and structure 0.5%*20=10%
Directions: Each of the following sentences is followed by four choices.
Choose the one that best completes the sentence. Then, mark your answer on the
Answer Sheet.
1 There _____ new problems in the relationship
between the two countries in the recent years.
A. rose
B. raised
C. lifted
D. arose
【答案】D
【解析】句意：近些年两国关系出现了新问题。本句实际上是倒装句，倒装前的句子为new problems ____ there in…。可看出该句没有宾语，因此应填一不及物动词。arise为不及物动词，发生，出现，符合句意。raise、lift为及物动词，故不选。rise是不及物动词，但其意思是上升；站起身，故不合句意。
2 His health _____ as he ate too little
and worked too hard for months on end.
A. broke up
B. broke through
C. broke down
D. broke off
【答案】C
【解析】句意：他由于连续几个月不怎么吃饭加上工作太拼，身体状况直转急下。break down被搞垮；垮掉。break up破裂。break through突破。break off突然中止；突然停顿。
3 After the meeting-the workers went back
to their _____ workshops.
A. respectable
B. respective
C. respectful
D. respected
【答案】B
【解析】句意：会议过后，工人们回到了各自的工厂。respective各自的。respectable可敬的。respectful表示尊敬的。respected受尊敬的。
4 His answer was so confused that I could
hardly make any _____ of it at all.
A. recognition
B. meaning
C. intelligence
D. sense
【答案】D
【解析】句意：他的回答太模糊不清了，我一点儿都理解不了。make sense of sth理解，弄懂……。
5 In some bad cold winter, her fingers
were bitten by the _____ .
A. ice
B. frost
C. coldness
D. freezing
【答案】B
【解析】句意：在一些大冷天，她的手指被冻伤了。frost霜。bitten是bite的过去分词，bite有“（寒风等）刺骨，使感到刺痛，刺痛，刺伤；（严寒）冻伤，冻疼，冻坏”的意思。用frost较为具体。
6 The _____ of insurance is stipulated in
the basic policy form and in the various risk clauses.
A. range
B. extent
C. cover
D. including
【答案】B
【解析】句意：保险的范围写在基本保险单和各种险别的条款里。extent of insurance是保险业中的习惯表达，表示保险范围。
7 It is well-known that the retired
workers in our country are _____ free medical care.
A. involved
B. associated
with
C. entitled to
D. assigned to
【答案】C
【解析】句意：众所周知，我国的退休职工享有免费医疗的待遇。be entitled to给予…权利；给予…资格。
8 Traveler’s check is not _____ until they
are counter signed.
A. valid
B. effective
C. affective
D. impassive
【答案】A
【解析】句意：旅行支票只有会签后才有效。countersign会签，联署。valid有效的，指有有效期限的东西，如护照、签证、合同等。而effective指的是效率。affective情感的。impassive喜怒不形于色的，不露感情的。
9 The feature of the _____ video-game
machine produced by our factory is that it is of multilevel and multifunction.
A. electric
B. electronic
C. electrical
D. electrified
【答案】B
【解析】句意：我们工厂生产的电子游戏机的特点是多层次和多功能。electronic电子的，形容电子设备、装置。electric电的，用电的，带电的，指任何电动的或发电的装置。electrical与电有关的，电学的。电子游戏机是电子装置，故用electronic。
10 It is a large- _____ dance played
during the Spring Festival or other festivals or holidays.
A. scale
B. range
C. hold
D. period
【答案】A
【解析】句意：这是一场大规模的舞蹈演出，是在春节或其他节假日时表演。large-scale大规模的。
11 We are confident that we can reach that
goal ahead of _____.
A. time
B. schedule
C. timetable
D. arrangement
【答案】B
【解析】句意：我门有信心提前完成任务。schedule日程表，日程安排。schedule强调的是计划的时间，而且是事件的大概时间。timetable本身没有计划的意思，可以是一些固定的时间表，如火车运行时刻表。本句强调的是日程安排，而不是固定的时间。
12 Although we are hungry, we _____ the
enemy’ s invitation for food.
A. decline
B. require
C. reject
D. refuse
【答案】A
【解析】句意：虽然很饿，但我们还是委婉拒绝了对手吃饭的邀约。reject一般指否决、不予接受（建议，提议，想法和要求等），是很直接地拒绝。decline表示婉拒。对别人的邀请用decline表示婉拒较为恰当。
13 All flights _____ because of the heavy
fog, they decided to change their schedule.
A. had been
canceled
B. were
canceled
C. having been
canceled
D. have been
canceled
【答案】C
【解析】句意：由于浓雾所有航班都被取消了，因此他们决定改变行程。本句已有主谓宾，缺非谓语动词，故A、B、D三项均可排除。
14 Jean doesn’t want to work right away
because she thinks if she _____ a job she probably wouldn’t be able to see her
friends very often.
A. has to get
B. were to get
C. had got
D. could have
got
【答案】B
【解析】句意：简不想马上工作，因为她觉得一工作很可能就没有办法和朋友经常见面了。本题考查虚拟语气中对将来的虚拟。对将来虚拟，从句有三种形式①if+主语+were
to do。②if+主语+should+do。③if+主语+过去式（be动词用were）。根据句意，本句是对将来的虚拟。填were to get或should get或got。
15 She ran back to the kitchen, eggs _____
carefully in her hands.
A. holding
B. to be held
C. were held
D. held
【答案】D
【解析】句意：她小心地捧着鸡蛋跑回厨房。非谓语hold与其逻辑主语egg是被动关系，故用过去分词形式，故A错误。to
be held表将来，与句意不符。本句已有谓语，故C错误。
16 Many labor unions also have special
funds _____ workers can receive monthly checks when they retire or if they
become disabled and cannot work.
A. in that
B. from which
C. in case
D. in which
【答案】B
【解析】句意：许多工会会拨出专项资金给退休工人或是身体变残疾、无法再工作的工人。funds后定语从句修饰funds，工人从资金中受到补贴，故用from which。
17 The students seldom wash their own
clothes, _____ they help their parents do some housework.
A. rather than
do
B. much less do
C. much more do
D. much less
【答案】B
【解析】句意：这些学生很少自己洗衣服，更不用说帮父母做家务了。much less更不用说。它引导从句使用部分倒装，要把助动词放到主语之前。
18 My hometown has changed a lot. In
doesn’t look like _____.
A. the one of
ten years ago
B. the one of
ten years
C. one ten
years ago
D. one from ten
years
【答案】A
【解析】句意：我的家乡发生了很大变化，不像十年前的样子了。十年前ten years ago，ago不能省略。one表示泛指，应用the one特指十年前的家乡。
19 _____ he unwrapped the food the cat
mewed hungrily against him.
A. while
B. when
C. where
D. what
【答案】A
【解析】句意：当他打开食物时，猫儿馋得朝他喵喵叫起来。when是at
or during the time that, 既指时间点,也可指一段时间。while是during
the time that，只指一段时间，因此when引导的时间状语从句中的动词可以是终止性动词，也可以是延续性动词，而while从句中的动词必须是延续性动词。当他打开食物的同时，猫咪朝他叫，强调的是打开食物的过程，用while更为合适。
20 Although the scientists have made great
progress in their research, there are still a large amount of calculation
remain _____.
A. doing
B. do
C. to do
D. to be done
【答案】D
【解析】句意：尽管科学家们的研究取得了很大进展，但仍有大量计算任务尚未完成。remain to be done表示有待要做的事情，动作尚未发生，如：A lot of machines remained to be repaired（机器尚未修理）。
Part II. Blank
filling 0.5*10=5%
Directions: Fill in the blanks in the following
sentences with an appropriate preposition or adverb. Fill in each blank with
only ONE word.
21 When I got my case back, it had been
damaged _____ repair.
【答案】beyond
【解析】句意：当我拿回箱子时，箱子已经完全没法修复了。above在……上边。beyond范围、限度的超出。over在正上方、越过。further距离、时间上更远。beyond repair表示已经难以修复了。
22 If the rain doesn’t stop, people will
be faced _____ serious flooding.
【答案】with
【解析】句意：如果雨一直不停的话，人们会面临一场严重的洪灾。be faced with面对，面临。
23 Your survey will indicate how much
money you will have to set _____ for your purpose.
【答案】aside
【解析】句意：通过调查你会知道你为实现目标需要支出的费用。set aside…for…留出……用于……。
24 My poor husband, who wanted only to
help, ended _____ as their victim.
【答案】up
【解析】句意：我可怜的丈夫，本来只是想帮忙，却成了受害者。end up结束，最终。
25 The search for efficiency and
cost-cutting measures has resulted _____greater centralization.
【答案】in
【解析】句意：对效率的追求和削减成本措施的实行导致了权力的高度集中。result in导致，结果是。
26 Mother is much better now, thank you,
she’s able to get _____ a bit more.
【答案】around
【解析】句意：谢谢您，我妈妈现在身体好多了，能够多到处走动了。get around随意走走。
27 Plenty of mysteries have lasted for
centuries and finally yielded _____ explanation.
【答案】to
【解析】句意：许多持续了数百年的谜团最终得到了破解。yield to被…替代；为…所取代。
28 They argued that his economic and
political policies were _____ of tune with American values.
【答案】out
【解析】句意：他们认为他的经济和政治政策与美国的价值观不相符。out of tune with不一致。
29 The escapees came out of the woods with
their hands _____ top of their heads.
【答案】on
【解析】句意：越狱者从树林中出来，双手抱头。on top of在……的顶端上。
30 The scientists are still working _____
inventing new methods of reaching outer space.
【答案】on
【解析】句意：科学家们仍在研究到达外太空的新方法。work on努力改善（或完成）。
Part III. Error
checking 0.5*10=5%
Directions: Each of the following sentences has
four underlined parts marked A, B, C and
D. Identify the one that is not correct. Then, mark your answer on the
Answer Sheet.
31 The national parks are very important for
preserve many animals, who would run the risk of dying out.
A. for preserve
B. who
C. run
D. dying out
【答案】A
【解析】介词后跟动词，动词要变为ing形式。因此preserve应改为preserving。
32 He was told thatif he had been
a boy or the family had been richer, he would have a better chance.
A. if he had
been
B. had been
C. would have
D. chance
【答案】C
【解析】从if后从句had+动词过去分词来看，此处表示的是对过去的虚拟。因此主句用would
have done的形式。C处应改为would have had。
33 One of the importantcharacteristics
of Mexico’s populationsince 1940 have been the rapid rate
of natural increase.
A.
characteristics
B. since
C. have
D. rate
【答案】C
【解析】主语是one
of…，是单数，因此谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。have应改为has。
34 This growth rate is a reflection
of the improving health care standards that were introduced
beginning in 1940.
A. reflection
B. improving
C. that
D. in
【答案】B
【解析】improve与health care standards是被动关系，用过去分词形式，表示已经提高的医疗标准。医疗标准已在1940年引入，说明采用了别国或别处的高医疗标准，是已完成的事，因此不能用ing形式，ing形式表示“正在提高”。improving应改为improved。
35 The technology of modern mass communication
result in many types of inventionsand discoveries.
A.
communication
B. result in
C. inventions
D. discoveries
【答案】B
【解析】句意：现代大众通讯技术的出现得益于许多类型的发明创造。result in表示造成，结果是……。根据句意，“发明创造”是“大众通讯技术出现”的原因，用result from，表示是……的结果。因此此处in应改为from。
36 Technological wonders have made them
possible for mass communication to satisfy the widespread needs for
popular, reading materials.
A.
Technological
B. them
C. widespread
needs
D. reading
materials
【答案】B
【解析】当句子中的宾语是不定式（to do）、动名词（动词-ing形式）或从句时，宾语会很长，为保持句子平衡，可用it作形式宾语，把真正的宾语移到句尾。them不能做形式宾语。此处it指代to
satisfy the widespread…materials。此处them应改为it。
37 Great as is the energy of the sun,
we have not found aneffective way to make use of it in
industry.
A. as is the
energy of the sun
B. found
C. effective
D. to make
【答案】A
【解析】as引导让步状语从句时，句子的倒装语序有三种形式。1）名词/副词+as+主语+谓语。如：Rich as he is, he is not
happy. 2）名词（不加冠词）+as+主语+be动词。如：Child as he is, he is
mature. 3）实意动词+as+主语+助动词。如：Try as she may, she still
couldn’t open the door.本题采用的是第一种形式，因此谓语is应放在the
energy of the sun之后。
38 I don’t see why I should
look forward to sitting in an armchair and do nothing just because
I am over sixty.
A. see
B. should
C. do nothing
D. just because
【答案】C
【解析】look forward to doing sth.期待做某事。and引导的是两个并列动词，因此形式应当一致。do应改为doing。
39 The girls were sorry to miss
the singers when they arrived at the airport.
A. were
B. to miss
C. when
D. arrived
【答案】B
【解析】to do和to have done都是动词不定式形式，在句子里都用作非谓语动词表达。但是to do指的是尚未发生的动作，to have done 则表达已经发生的动作，或者已有结果的行为。女孩们到达机场时，歌手已经离开了，说明她们已经错过了歌手。miss应改为have
missed。
40 Maps have lines, words, symbolic
and colors that show the distribution and arrangement of
the Earth’s geographical features.
A. symbolic
B. show
C. distribution
D. arrangement
【答案】A
【解析】地图上有标志，应用名词symbols，与lines，words，colors并列。symbolic应改为symbols。
Part IV. Cloze 0.5%*30=15%
Section A
Directions: In this section, there is a passage
with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from
a list of choices given in the word bank. Read the passage through carefully
before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter.
Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on your Answer Sheet. You
may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.
A new science
and engineering first degree 41 at
the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) is helping prepare students to
become leaders 42 of imaging and directing
change in local, national, and global communities.
Three years ago,
MIT worked with Leadership, Inc. to 43 the institute-based
Leader Shape Institute. Program leaders-call it “a serious and creative 44 to today’s basic challenges” to develop students and engineers
who are prepared to “lead with integrity” both in technological 45 and in society. Central to the effort is helping students to
learn to listen to society as it articulates (表达) its need for change.
For the past
three summers, the Leader Shape Institute has 46 120
MIT science and engineering students with a thorough six-day experience
featuring highly interactive teaching and learning methodologies 47 the program, students develop skills in problem identification
and problem solving, professional morals, decision-making, dealing with uncertainty,
working within a 48 community, and relationship
communication. Most discussions and activities take place in assigned small
“groups” which provide supportive, safe environments that promote learning and
develop new skills and 49. Each participant creates
and individual plan of action called a “vision’’ which is a main 50 of the Leader Shape curriculum. Each vision must be designed to bring
positive change to the institute community, and it must be carried out during
the following school year.
【答案与解析】
41 F 本文讲的是麻省理工学院的一个领导人项目，项目学生是理工科学生。
42 C be
capable of doing有能力做某事。
43 I 麻省理工学院与一公司合作创立的项目。故用create，创造，创建。
44 L 项目领导说这个项目是“面对当今挑战的认真、有创造力的回应”。response
to对……的回应。
45 G 该项目是要培养学生的领导力，不仅仅是在科学领域。故用fields。
46 M
provide…with…为某人提供某物。
47 K
throughout从头到尾；贯穿。互动性的教学法贯穿项目始终。
48 N 此处需要形容词来修饰名词community，观察选项只有diverse一词较为符合。diverse community多元化的群体。
49 D 在小团队内，可以学到新的技能，形成新的态度或看法。
50 B
vision是该项目课程的特点，即要学生提出对社区进行有利变革的方案。
Section B
Directions: Each blank in the following passage
is provided with four possible choices. Read the whole passage and choose the
best answer for each blank. Then, mark your answer on the Answer Sheet.
It’s an annual
back-to-school routine for parents. One morning you wave your child goodbye,
and that 51 evening
you’re burning the late-night oil in sympathy. In the race to improve educational
standards, 52 are throwing the books at kids. 53 elementary school students are complaining of homework 54. What’s a well-meaning parent to go?
As hard as 55 may be, sit back and chill, experts advise. Though you’ve got
to get them to do it, 56 helping too much, or
even examining 57 too carefully, you may keep
them 58doing it by themselves. “I wouldn’t advise a
parent to check every 59 assignment,says
psychologist John Rosemond, author of Ending the Tough Homework. ’’ There’s a 60 of. appreciation for trial and error. Let your children 61 the grade they deserve.
Many experts
believe parents should gently look over the work of younger children and ask
them to rethink their 62. But “you don’ t want them
to feel it has to be 63,” she says.
That’s not to
say parents should 64 homework first, they
should monitor how much homework their kids 65 Thirty
minutes a day in the early elementary years and an hour in 66 four,
five, and six is standard, says Rosemond. For junior-high students it should be
67 more than an hour and a half, and two for
high-school students. If your child 68 has more
homework than this, you may want to check 69 other
parents and then talk to the teacher about 70 assignments.
51 A. very
B. exact
C. right
D. usual
52 A. officials
B. parents
C. experts
D. schools
53A. Also
B. Even
C. Then
D. However
54 A. fatigue
B. confusion
C. duty
D. puzzle
55 A. there
B. we
C. they
D. it
56 A. through
B. under
C. by
D. for
57 A. questions
B. answers
C. standards
D. rules
58 A. off
B. without
C. beyond
D. from
59 A. single
B. piece
C. page
D. other
60 A. drop
B. short
C. cut
D. lack
61 A. acquire
B. earn
C. gather
D. reach
62 A. exercises
B. defects
C. mistakes
D. tests
63 A. good
B. better
C. unusual
D. complete
64 A. forget
B. refuse
C. miss
D. ignore
65 A. have
B. prepare
C. make
D. perform
66 A. classes
B. groups
C. grades
D. terms
67 A. about
B. no
C. much
D. few
68 A. previously
B. rarely
C. merely
D. consistently
69 A. with
B. in
C. out
D. up
70 A. finishing
B. lowering
C. reducing
D. declining
【答案与解析】
51 A 早上刚说完再见，当天晚上就得看着孩子秉烛夜读。very表强调，表示正是的；合适的。正是在当天晚上。
52 D 下句中，小学生们抱怨作业太多。因此选schools。
53 B 学校的作业多，甚至连小学生也开始抱怨了。even甚至。
54 A 因为作业量太大，小学生抱怨太疲劳了。fatigue疲劳，疲乏。
55 D 句意：虽然很难做到，但是专家还是建议家长不要采取行动，冷静点。it是形式主语，指代后文的sit back and chill。
56 C 句意：孩子做作业时帮助孩子太多或者太过细致地检查答案，都会妨碍到孩子的自主性。by通过，表示方式。
57 B 参考上题解析，此处说的是作业中问题的答案。
58 D
keep…from…阻止做某事。
59 A
single单个的。这里指每个单个的作业。
60 D 由于父母给予孩子的帮助太多，因而缺乏对于尝试和犯错的一种欣赏。
61 B earn有“赢得”的意思。而acquire指通过努力获得知识和能力。
62 C 家长检查孩子的作业时让孩子们重新考虑的是什么呢？从四个选项来看，重新考虑错误之处才是符合逻辑的。
63 A 虽然家长要孩子们重新考虑他们作业中的错误之处，但这并不代表要使孩子们达到很好、很完美的标准。
64 D 前文提到家长不要帮孩子做作业，不要检查孩子的所有作业内容。该句转折，所以推断“这并不是说家长就可以忽视孩子的作业”。
65 A 后文说到，一到四年级学生标准作业量是半个小时，四、五、六年级学生应为一小时，初中生不多于一个半小时。可以看出，这里指的是孩子有多少作业。直接用have即可。
66 C 后文提到初中生、高中生的标准作业量，所以推断此处说的是年级grade。
67 B 说完小学生，这里作者提到初中生。no more than在这里表示“不超过”，指初中生应以一个半小时的标准来布置作业。
68 D 后文提到要和其他家长甚至是老师来沟通孩子作业量的问题，那么这里肯定表示孩子的作业量超标了。previously（之前地）、rarely（极少地）、merely（仅仅地）都不符合文意，只有consistently（一直以来地、一贯地）才表明作业量持续过多的问题。
69 A
check with表示与……核实。
70 C 作业量过多，家长可以与老师沟通以减少孩子的作业量。B、C、D三项都有“减少”之意，但lowering指降低某数字、价格或程度。declining表示降低时，为不及物动词，后不接宾语。
Part V. Reading
comprehension 1.5%*20=30%
Section A
Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed
by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four
choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best
choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.
Passage One
Unless we spend
money to spot and prevent asteroids (小行星) now, one might crash into Earth and destroy life as we know it,
say some scientists.
Asteroids are
bigger versions of the meteoroids (流星) that race across the night sky. Most orbit the sun far from Earth
and don’t threaten us. But there are also thousands of asteroids whose orbits
put them on a collision course with Earth.
Buy $50 million
worth of new telescopes right now. Then spend $10 million a year for the next
25 years to locale most of the space rocks. By the time we spot a fatal one,
the scientists say, we’ll have a way to change its course. Some scientists
favor pushing asteroids off course with nuclear weapons. But the cost wouldn’t
be cheap.
Is it
worthwhile? Two things experts consider when judging any risk are: 1) How likely
the event is; and 2) How bad the consequences if the event occurs. Experts
think an asteroid big enough to destroy lots of life might strike Earth once
every 500, 000 years. Sounds pretty rare but if one did fall, it would be the
end of the world. “If we don’t take care of these big asteroids, they’ll take
care of us, ’’ says one scientist. “It’s that simple.”
The cure,
though, might be worse than the disease. Do we really want fleets of nuclear
weapons sitting around on Earth? “The world has less to fear from doomsday (毁灭性的) ocks than from a great
nuclear fleet set against them, ’’ said a New York Times article.
71 What does the passage say about
asteroids and meteoroids?
A. They are
heavenly bodies different in composition.
B. They are
heavenly bodies similar in nature.
C. There are
more asteroids than meteoroids.
D. Asteroids
are more mysterious than meteoroids.
72 what do scientists say about the
collision of an asteroid with Earth?
A. It is very
unlikely but the danger exists.
B. Such a
collision might occur once every 25 years.
C. Collisions
of smaller asteroids with Earth occur more often than expected.
D. It’s still
too early to say whether such a collision might occur.
73 What do people think of the suggestion
of using nuclear weapons to alter the courses of asteroids?
A. It sounds
practical but it may not solve the problem.
B. It may
create more problems than it might solve.
C. It is a
waste of money because a collision of asteroids with Earth is very unlikely.
D. Further
research should be done before it is proved applicable.
74 We can conclude from the passage that
_____.
A. while
pushing asteroids off course nuclear weapons would destroy the world
B. asteroids
racing across the night sky are likely to hit Earth in the near future
C. the worry
about asteroids can be left to future generations since it is unlikely to
happen in our lifetime
D. workable
solutions still have to be found to prevent a collision of asteroids with Earth
75 Which of the following best describes
the author’s tone in this passage?
A. Optimistic.
B. Critical.
C. Objective.
D. Arbitrary
【答案与解析】
71 B 由第二段可知小行星是比较庞大的流星，因此两者本质上都是一样的，都是绕着太阳转动的流星。
72 A 由第四段第三、四句Experts think an
asteroid big enough to destroy lots of life might strike Earth once every 500,
000 years. Sounds pretty rare but if one did fall, it would be the end of the
world可知庞大到能够摧毁地球的小行星每五十万年才会撞击地球一次，虽然不太可能太一旦发生，世界末日就会到来。所以虽然可能性小，但很危险。
73 B 由最后一段The cure, though, might be
worse than the disease. Do we really want fleets of nuclear weapons sitting
around on Earth? “The world has less to fear from doomsday (毁灭性的) rocks than from a great
nuclear fleet set against them”可知，我们不想要核武器充斥地球，比起毁灭性岩石带来的威胁，我们更害怕为对抗岩石而使用的核潜艇。说明核武器的使用会产生更大的威胁和后果。
74 D 由全文得知小行星毁灭地球的危险存在，用核武器改变其路线的方法不十分可取，所以还有必要找到有效的方法。
75 C 通读全文，作者的语气是客观的。
Passage Two
On average,
American kids ages 3 to 12 spent 29 hours a week in school, eight hours more
than they did in 190l. They also did more household work and participated in
more of such organized activities as soccer and ballet (芭蕾舞). Involvement in sports, in
particular, rose almost 50% from 1981 to 1997: boys now spend an average of
four hours a week playing sports; girls log half that time. All in all,
however, children’s leisure time dropped from 40% of the day in 1981 to 25%.
“Children are
affected by the same time crunch (危机) that affects their parents,’’ says Sandra Hofferth, who headed the
recent study of children’s timetable. A chief reason, she says, is that more
mothers are working outside the home. (Nevertheless, children in both
double-income and “male breadwinner” households spent comparable amounts of
time interacting with their parents, 19 hours and 22 hours respectively. In
contrast, children spent only 9 hours with their single mothers).
All work and no
play could make for some very messed-up kids. “Play is the most powerful way a
child explores the world and learns about himself,’’ says T. Berry Brazelton,
professor at Harvard Medical School. Unstructured play encourages independent
thinking and allows the young to negotiate their, relationships with their
peers, but kids ages 3 to 12 spent only 12 hours a week engaged in it.
The children
sampled spent a quarter of their rapidly decreasing “free time” watching
television. But that, believe it or not, was one of the findings parents might
regard as good news. If they’ re spending less time in front of the TV set,
however, kids aren’t replacing it with reading. Despite efforts to get kids
more interested in books, the children spent just over an hour a week reading.
Let’s face it, who’s got the time?
76 By mentioning “the same time crunch” (Line
1, Para. 2) Sandra Hofferth means
______.
A. children
have little time to play with their parents
B. children are
not taken good care of by their working parents
C. both parents
and children suffer from lack of leisure time
D. both parents
and children have trouble managing their time
77 According to the author, the reason
given by Sandra Hofferth for the time crunch is ______.
A. quite
convincing
B. partially
true
C. totally
groundless
D. rather
confusing
78 According to the author a child
develops better if ______.
A. he has
plenty of time reading and studying
B. he is left
tip play with his peers in his own way
C. he has more
time participating in school activities
D. he is free
to interact with his working parents
79 The author is concerned about the fact
that American kids ______.
A. are engaged
in more and more structured activities
B. are
increasingly neglected by their working mothers
C. are spending
more and more time watching TV
D. are involved
less and less in household work
80 We can infer from the passage that
______.
A.
extracurricular activities promote children’s intelligence
B. most
children will turn to reading with TV sets switched off
C. efforts to
get kids interested in reading have been fruitful
D. most parents
believe reading to be beneficial to children
【答案与解析】
76 C 该短语所在句子的上文（第一段最后一句）表明“孩子的课余时间比以前少了”,而本句指出父母和孩子都受time crunch的影响，可见the same time crunch是指空闲时间不够用，故C正确。
77 B 第二段括号里的内容表明了作者的观点。转折词Nevertheless说明作者的观点跟上文Sandra Hofferth的看法不完全一致，而作者在下文举例中提到，单身母亲因为要上班，与孩子在起的时间只有9个小时，确实少了很多，这与Hofferth所述一致，因此选B。
78 B 第三段最后一句表明孩子自由玩乐能促使他们独立思考，并使他们学会处理与同龄关系，其中unstructured play相当于B中的play
in his own way，故B正确。
79 A 文章一开头作者就说孩子们比1981年时上学的时间每周多8小时，他们还做更多的家务,参加更多的有组织性的活动等等,而这些均是造成孩子们空闲时间越来越少的原因，而孩子们空闲时间少也正是作者忧虑的问题，故可推知本题选A。B是作者在第二段括号里反驳过的观点。C错在more and more time，而且作者对孩子看电视也不完全反对。孩子们事实上要做更多家务，故D错。
80 D 文章最后一段倒数第二句说“尽管父母费尽心思培养孩子的读书兴趣，可孩子们一周也只不过花一个多小时读书”。由此可见,父母认为读书对孩子有好处，即D。
Section B
Directions: There are two passages in this
section. Each passage is followed by five questions or unfinished
statements. Read the passages carefully and give brief answers or fulfill the
sentences .on the Answer Sheet.
Passage Three
It is hard to
predict how science is going to turn out, and if it is really good science it
is impossible to predict. If the things to be found are actually new, they are
by definition unknown in advance. You cannot make choices in this matter- You
either have science or you don’t, and if you have it you are obliged to accept
the surprising and disturbing pieces of information, along with the neat and
promptly useful bits.
The only solid
piece of scientific truth about which I feel totally confident is that we are
profoundly ignorant about nature. Indeed, I regard this as the major discovery
of the past hundred years of biology. It is, in its way, an illuminating (启示性的) piece of news. It would
have amazed the brightest minds of the 18th century Enlightenment to be told by
any of us how little we know and how bewildering (困惑) seems the way ahead. It is
this sudden confrontation with the depth and scope of ignorance that represents
the most significant contribution of the 20th century science to the human
intellect (智力). In
earlier times, we either pretended to understand how things worked or ignored
the problem, or simply made up stories to fill the gaps. Now that we have begun
exploring in earnest, we are getting glimpses of how huge the questions are,
and how far from being answered. Because of this, we are depressed. It is not
so bad being ignorant if you are totally ignorant; the hard thing is knowing in
some detail the reality of ignorance, the worst spots and here and there the
not-so-bad spots, but no true light at the end of the tunnel nor even any
tunnels that can yet be trusted.
But we are
making a beginning, and there ought to be some satisfaction. There are probably
no questions we can think up that can’t be answered, sooner or later, including
even the matter of consciousness. To be sure, there may well be questions we
can’t think up, ever, and therefore limits to the reach of human intellect, but
that is another matter. Within our limits, we should be able to work our way
through to all our answers, if we keep at it long enough, and pay-attention.
81 The author believes that really good
science is unable to________________.
82 How would the scientists of the 18xh
century feel when they were told we are really ignorant about nature?
83 What is implied in the passage about
the view of the scientists of the 18th century on science?
84 What contributes most to the human
intellect in the 20th century according to author?
85 Why does the author think there ought
to be some satisfaction?
【答案与解析】
81 predict
（由第一段第一句if it is really good science it is impossible to predict可知，新科学是无法预测到的。）
82 They would feel
amazed/astonished/surprised.
（由第二段第四句It would have amazed the brightest minds of the 18th century
Enlightenment to be told by any of us how little we know and how bewildering (困惑) seems the way ahead可知，如果十八世纪启蒙运动时的科学家知道我们对自然是如此无知的话，会感到十分诧异。）
83 They thought that they knew a great
deal and could deal with most problems of science.
（由第二段第六句In earlier times, we either pretended to understand how things
worked or ignored the problem, or simply made up stories to fill the gaps可知，过去人们要么假装什么都知道，要么忽视问题，要么编造故事来填补空白（就是胡乱编造故事来解释他们并不理解的现象）。）
84 The sudden confrontation with the depth
and scope of ignorance.
（由第二段第五句可得出答案。）
85 Because no questions we can think up
can’t be answered with the advance of science. We are making a beginning in
getting rid of ignorance.
（由最后一段内容可知，作者认为我们应该满足，因为只要坚持探求真理、摆脱无知，我们所能想到的所有问题早晚都会得到解决。）
Passage Four
Henry Ford, the
famous U. S. inventor and car manufacturer, once said, “The business of America
is business.’’ By this he meant that the U. S. way of life is based on the
values of the business world.
Few would argue
with Ford’s statement. A brief glimpse at a daily newspaper vividly shows how
much people in the United States think about business. For example, nearly
every newspaper has a business section, in which the deals and projects,
finances and management, stock prices and labor problems of corporations are
reported daily. In addition, business news can appear in every other section.
Most national news has an important financial aspect to it. Welfare, foreign
aid, the federal budget, and the policies of the Federal Reserve Bank are all
heavily affected by business. Moreover, business news appears in some of the
unlikeliest places. The world of arts and entertainment is often referred to as
“the entertainment industry” or “show business’’.
The positive
side of Henry Ford’s statement can be seen in the prosperity that business has
brought to U. S. life. One of the most important reasons so many people from
all over the world come to live in the United States is the dream of a better
job. Jobs are produced in abundance (大量地) because the U. S. economic system is driven by competition. People
believe that this system creates more wealth, more jobs, and a materially better
way of life.
The negative
side of Henry Ford’s statement, however, can be seen when the word business is
taken to mean big business. And the term big business referring to the biggest
companies, is seen in opposition to labor. Throughout U. S. history working
people have had to fight hard for higher wages, better working conditions, and
the right to form unions. Today, many of the old labor disputes are over, but
there is still some employee anxiety. Downsizing–the laying off of thousands
of workers to keep expenses low and profits high–creates feelings of
insecurity for many.
86 The United States is a typical country
where people’s chief concern is
____________________________________________________________________________________.
87 The influence of business in the U. S.
is evidenced by the newspaper that
____________________________________________________________________________________.
88 According to the passage, immigrants
choose to settle in the U. S, dreaming that
____________________________________________________________________________________.
89 Henry Ford’s statements can be taken
negatively because ___________________________________.
90 A company’s efforts to keep expenses
low and profits high may result in _______________________.
【答案与解析】
86 how to make money.
（第一段中福特说到“美国的生活方式都是基于商业世界的价值上的”。接着第二段便论证了这一观点，每天的报纸上都会有个商业板块，而且其他板块也含有商业信息。甚至娱乐业也被称为show business。因此可以总结出美国人最关心的是如何挣钱。）
87 Every daily newspaper is filled with
business information.
88 they will find better chances of
employment.
（由第三段可知，竞争是美国经济的驱动力，人们认为这有利于创造财富、更多的就业岗位和更殷实的物质生活。可见美国的就业机会多。）
89 working people are being exploited and
their jobs are instable due to big business’s pursuit of wealth.
（由最后一段可知，在美国，由于企业想要减少成本，并且获得更高的利润，会进行裁员，给员工的生活带来很大的不确定性，使他们感到担忧。）
90 reduction in the number of employees.
（downsize裁员。）
Part VI. Translation 2%*10=20%
Section A
Directions: Complete the sentences by
translating into English the Chinese given in brackets. Please write your
translation on Answer Sheet.
注意：此部分试题在答题卡上作答时，只需写出译文部分。
91 For many people,
________________________. （机场告别是最难过的时刻）
92 The program cost of 10 months_______________________. （估计包括机票费约为4,000美元）
93 My parents’ faces_______________________.
（流露出期待和焦虑的神情）
94 I think he is_______________________. （更适合做一名棒球运动员）than an art critic.
95 ____________________ （他们使自己忙忙碌碌）they have no time or
energy to deal with their real problems.
【答案与解析】
91 the departure at the airport is the
worst time
（departure是一种意译。机场告别可以翻译为saying goodbye at the airport。）
92 is estimated to cover airfares of about
4000 dollars
（airfare机票价格。）
93 reflect
anticipation and anxiety
（期待anticipation或expectation。）
94 more fit for a baseball player
（适合be fit for或者be suitable for。）
95They are so busy that
（用so…that…句型表示太……以至于……。）
Section B
Directions: Translate the following English
sentences into Chinese. Please write your translation on Answer Sheet.
96 Another problem encountered by most
youngsters is how sick they feel about being away from home.
97 Throughout history, names have not
merely identified people, but also described them.
98 In far too many families not only do
children come to take their parents’ generosity for granted, but also the effects
of this can actually be somewhat harmful to children.
99 To a large degree, the measure of our
peace of mind is determined by how much we are able to live in the present
moment.
100 The personal computer revolution and
the advent of the Internet made the demand for skilled labor mushroom to such a
tremendous proportion.
【答案与解析】
96．大多数年轻人遇到的另一个问题是他们在外会很想家。
（sick本意是生病的；恶心的，想吐的。但考虑到本句情境，将sick翻译为想家的。）
97．纵观历史，人名不仅用来分辨人，也是对个人的描述。
（merely仅仅。not merely相当于not only。）
98．太多家庭的孩子把父母的慷慨视为理所当然，但事实上这对孩子是有一些坏处的。
（take…for granted把……视为理所当然。somewhat有点儿；有些。）
99．我们的心态很大程度上取决于我们能否活在当下。
（peace of mind心灵的平静，平和的心态。live in the present
moment活在当下。）
100个人电脑革命和互联网的出现使得市场对技术性劳动力的需求增加到了极大的比重。
（advent出现，到来。mushroom迅速增长。）
Part VII. Writing
15%
Directions: For this part, you are to write a
composition on the topic above. You should write at least 120 words and base
your composition on the outline given below in Chinese.
The Internet and I
1 叙述一次上网的经历。
2 因特网给人们生活、学习和工作等各个方面带来的影响。
【参考范文】
The Internet and I
The first time I
surfed on the Internet was when I was in grade 7. My family moved to a new
house and bought a computer. Having finished my homework, I turned on the
computer on a weekend and registered for my first QQ account with excitement.
Then, I logged on to QQ to chat with my friends.
The advent of
Internet has benefited us in various aspects. First of all, our leisure time is
enriched thanks to the access to Internet. Television is not the main source of
TV dramas, movies and programs any more. Nowadays, we can watch countless
videos on our cell phones, computers and laptops. Moreover, we can enjoy
ourselves in playing video games. Secondly, Internet brings convenience to our
work. Employees in companies can give a report with the use of slides. Teachers
are able to give lectures with the use of computers where videos, songs and texts
can be shown to students. Thirdly, students now can turn to Internet to search
for information they need while studying.
In a word,
Internet makes our life more convenient and enjoyable. Therefore, it is of
great importance to make the best of the benefits of Internet to better our life.
【解析】作文题目：我与互联网。要求叙述自己第一次上网的经历，并说明互联网给我们的工作、学习、生活各方面带来的影响。第一次上网的经历依据个人情况叙述即可。互联网有利有弊，可以写利，也可以写弊，或者利弊结合。范文论证了互联网给我们的生活、工作、学习三方面带来的益处。
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