上海海事大学621综合英语考研真题及辅导用书

考研真题

1. 上海海事大学外国语学院《621综合英语》历年考研真题

考研指导书

1. 胡壮麟《语言学教程》（第5版）笔记和考研真题

2. 胡壮麟《语言学教程》（第5版）配套题库【考研真题精选＋章节题库】

3. 刘炳善《英国文学简史》（第3版）笔记和考研真题

4. 刘炳善《英国文学简史》（第3版）配套题库【考研真题精选＋章节题库】

5. 2026年考研基础英语专用教材

上海海事大学外国语学院《621综合英语》历年考研真题AI讲解

书籍目录

部分内容

2007年上海海事大学外国语学院621综合英语考研真题及详解

Ⅰ. Complete
each of the following statement with the best appropriate word(s) or phrase(s)
chosen from the 4 alternatives attached. (40/150):

1. “The show
must go on” is the oldest _____ of show business; every true performer lives by
that creed.

A. euphemism

B. allegory

C. precursor

D. tenet

【答案】D

【解析】句意：“演出继续进行”是表演界最古老的原则；每位表演者都要遵循这一宗旨。tenet原则，宗旨。euphemism委婉语。allegory寓言。precursor先驱，前导。

2. A New
World lizard the basilisk, occasionally does something that seems to _____ physics:
it runs across the surface of water for distances of up to thirty feet.

A. defy

B. quantify

C. assess

D. corroborate

【答案】A

【解析】句意：在新大陆上有一种蜥蜴，它们有时能做出一些看似违背物理定律的行动：这种蜥蜴能够在水面上奔跑，最远距离甚至达到三十英尺。defy藐视；公然反抗。quantify量化。assess评定。corroborate证实。

3. A code
of ethics governing the behavior of physicians during epidemics did not exist until
1846 when it was _____ by the American Medical Association.

A. rescinded

B. promulgated

C. presupposed

D. depreciated

【答案】B

【解析】句意：直到1846年，美国医师协会才颁布了在传染病蔓延时医生需要遵守的伦理准则。promulgate公布，发表；传播。rescind解除，废除。presuppose假定；预料。depreciate使……贬值；贬低，轻视。

4. A diligent
scholar, she devoted herself _____ to the completion of the book.

A. assiduously

B. ingenuously

C. voluminously

D. sporadically

【答案】A

【解析】句意：她是一位勤奋的学者，她勤勉地进行了完成这本书的工作。assiduously刻苦地，勤勉地。ingenuously率直地，正直地。voluminously庞大地；很多地。sporadically零星地，偶发地。

5. Donald
Trump latest casino in Atlantic City is the most _____ gambling palace in the
East, easily outglittering its competitor.

A. professional

B. speculative

C. ostentatious

D. lucrative

【答案】C

【解析】句意：唐纳德·特朗普在大西洋城最新的赌场是东部最招摇的赌博场所，它轻易地从竞争者中脱颖而出。ostentatious招摇的，卖弄的。professional专业的。speculative猜测性的；投机性的。lucrative获利丰厚的。

6. Dr. Smith
cautioned that the data so far are not sufficiently _____ to warrant dogmatic
assertions by either in the debate.

A. hypothetical

B. tentative

C. controversial

D. unequivocal

【答案】D

【解析】句意：史密斯先生提醒道：目前的数据还不足以为辩论中任何一方的假设提供充分的支持。hypothetical假设的。tentative实验性的；暂时的。controversial有争议的。unequivocal明确的。

7. If
Amelia Earhart’s acceptance was by no means _____, her fame was unusually widespread
and her popularity long-lived.

A. universal

B. ambiguous

C. expedient

D. genuine

【答案】A

【解析】句意：如果阿米莉亚的名声不是普遍接受的话，那她的名声传播得如此之广之久远也非常罕见了。universal普遍的，通用的。ambiguous模糊不清的。expedient权宜的。genuine真正的。

8. The
museum administration appears to be singularly _____ the comforts of its employee,
providing an employee health club, a lending library, and a part-time social
worker to help staff members with financial or domestic problems.

A. ignorant of

B. indifferent to

C. attentive to

D. uninvolved in

【答案】C

【解析】句意：看起来博物馆的管理部门非常重视员工的舒适环境。他们为员工提供了一处健身俱乐部、一所租赁图书馆和一位兼职人员帮助他们解决财政或家中的问题。be
attentive to留意。be……ignorant of对……一无所知。be indifferent to对……不关心。be uninvolved in不参与……。

9. The
omniscient narrator stands above the story he is telling, _____ his knowledge of
what will occur.

A. disheartened by

B. unlimited in

C. ostracized for

D. vindicated by

【答案】B

【解析】句意：全知叙述者处于整个故事之上，也因为他对将要发生事件的了解而不受限制。be unlimited in因……不受限制。be disheartened by为……感到丧气。be ostracized for因……被排斥。be vindicated
by被……维护。

10. We
must overcome his _____ social change if we wish to win his support for this
innovative program of home health care for the elderly.

A. tendency to

B. endorsement of

C. antipathy to

D. respect for

【答案】C

【解析】句意：如果我们想要在老年人家庭健康服务的创新计划中获得他的支持，就必须克服他对社会变化的抵触情绪。antipathy
to对……的反感。tendency
to对……的倾向。endorsement
of对……的认可。respect
for对……的尊敬。

11. Only after
I finished reading this essay did it dawn on me that the whole story about grebe’s
diet was not a _____ of her imagination.

A. figment

B. fantasy

C. fabrication

D. figure

【答案】A

【解析】句意：读完这篇文章我才恍然大悟，鸊鷉的饮食的故事不是她凭空想象出来的。figment虚构的事。fantasy幻想。fabrication捏造。figure人物，数字。因此答案选A。

12. Cooper was delighted to learn that aluminum is the most plentiful
metal in the earth’s _____.

A. surface

B. exterior

C. crust

D. core

【答案】C

【解析】库珀很高兴地了解到铝是地壳中含量最丰富的金属。earth crust地壳。

13. A
detective story _____ in the African jungle or Australian bush appeal to our interest
in remote places.

A. set down

B. set

C. set out

D. set to

【答案】B

【解析】句意：一本故事发生在非洲或澳洲丛林中的侦探小说能够吸引我们对于偏僻地区的兴趣。set设置。set down制定，写下。set out出发；摆出；陈述。set to开始做某事。

14. The young, self-assured prince _____ power upon the death of
the king.

A. assumed

B. consumed

C. resumed

D. presumed

【答案】A

【解析】句意：国王逝世后，那位年轻自信的王子掌管了大权。assume power接过权力。

15. The
good news that his book was at last published left him with a _____ of satisfaction
in his heart.

A. blaze

B. scorch

C. flame

D. glow

【答案】D

【解析】句意：他的书终于成功出版的消息让他心里得意洋洋。a glow of
satisfaction得意洋洋。

16. The unfair criticism left Norman quite _____ with anger.

A. spellbound

B. speechless

C. silent

D. mute

【答案】B

【解析】句意：不公的指责让诺曼火冒三丈，甚至说不出话。speechless（常因震惊而）说不出话的。spellbound对……入迷的。silent沉默的。mute哑的，缄默的。

17. The writer not
used to speaking in public, but when the opportunity presented itself, he rose
to the _____.

A. chance

B. circumstance

C. event

D. occasion

【答案】D

【解析】句意：那位作家不常在公众面前发言，但当机会出现时，他也能应对自如。rise to the occasion应付自如。

18. The new employee
would be more popular in the office if he didn’t try so hard to _____ himself with the
boss.

A. regard

B. identity

C. ingratiate

D. appreciate

【答案】C

【解析】句意：如果那位新员工不那么卖力去迎合上级的话，他会在办公室里更受欢迎。ingratiate使……迎合，使……讨好。regard注意；尊重；问候。identity身份。appreciate感谢，欣赏。

19. The U. S.
Government made a very _____ excuse for
conducting the experiment with the hydrogen bomb in the South Pacific.

A. feeble

B. faint

C. frail

D. fragile

【答案】A

【解析】句意：关于在南太平洋进行氢弹试验的问题，美国政府给出的理由十分脆弱。feeble虚弱的；站不住脚的。faint微弱的。frail脆弱的；虚弱的。fragile脆弱的；易碎的。

20. The twin brothers
showed great _____ to their elder sister, who had
acted as sole parent to them since their parents
died during the American Civil War.

A. allegiance

B. devotion

C. compliance

D. subjection

【答案】B

【解析】句意：那对双胞胎兄弟非常爱他们的姐姐，他们的父母在内战中去世后，是她在家中扮演了家长的角色。devotion热爱，献身。compliance顺从，服从。allegiance拥护，效忠。subjection绝对服从，隶属。

21. The novel Uncle
Tom’s Cabin, which effectively _____
the unfairness toward black people, was a major influence
in _____ the anti-slavery movement.

A. portrayed; strengthening

B. attacked; pacifying

C. glamorized; launching

D. exposed; condemning

【答案】A

【解析】句意：小说《汤姆叔叔的小屋》深刻地描绘了黑人所遭受的不公，也极大地加强了废奴运动的开展。portray描绘，描写。attack攻击。glamorize美化。expose揭发，暴露。strengthen加强。pacify使……平静。launch发射，发起。condemn谴责。

22. The opossum is _____ the venom of snakes in the rattlesnake
subfamily and thus views the reptiles not as _____
enemies but as a food source.

A. vulnerable to; natural

B. conscious of; mortal

C. impervious to; lethal

D. sensitive to; deadly

【答案】C

【解析】句意：负鼠不受响尾蛇科的毒液影响，因此它们把爬行类看作食物，而不是致命的敌人。vulnerable易受攻击的。conscious神志清醒的。impervious不受影响的。sensitive敏感的。natural自然的。mortal凡人的；致死的。lethal致命的。deadly致命的。

23. There was some
stagecraft behind the supposedly _____ moments
photographed by Doisneau; in a legal dispute last year, Doisneau _____ that he had paid two models to pose for his famous
The Kiss at the Hotel de Ville.

A. innocent; disproved

B. candid; acknowledged

C. theatrical; regretted

D. affected; intimated

【答案】B

【解析】句意：事实上，那些本应是由杜瓦诺偷拍下的照片中包含着一些创作成分；在去年的一起法律纠纷中，杜瓦诺承认了自己曾雇佣两名模特拍摄名作《市政厅之吻》。candid公正的，坦白的；偷拍的。acknowledge承认，认可。innocent无辜的，无罪的。theatrical戏剧性的。affected受到影响的；做作的。disprove反驳。regret后悔，惋惜。intimate暗示，通知。

24. The best Eskimo carving
of all ages seem to possess a powerful ability to _____
the great barriers of language and time and
communicate _____ with us.

A. reach across; directly

B. leap over; temporarily

C. rise above; verbally

D. pass through; infrequently

【答案】A

【解析】句意：那些历史上最出色的爱斯基摩雕刻似乎有着强大的力量，足以越过语言和时间的巨大隔阂，直接同我们沟通。reach across和leap
over都有越过（障碍）的含义。rise above指克服（困难）。pass
through穿过。temporarily暂时地。verbally口头地。infrequently不频繁地。

25. T. S. Eliot,
famous for his _____, nevertheless accepted
posterity’s interest in his life, _____ that
his correspondence with his lady friends
eventually would be read.

A. reticence; assuming

B. modesty; prohibiting

C. boastfulness; remembering

D. vanity; intimating

【答案】B

【解析】句意：T·S艾略特以他的谦逊而闻名，而他从没有过生育后代的打算，这是为了防止有朝一日有人读到他和女性朋友间的通信。modesty谦逊。reticence沉默寡言。boastfulness自负。vanity虚荣心。assume猜测。intimate暗示；通知。

26. Rebuffed by his colleagues, the initially _____ young researcher became increasingly _____.

A. tedious; polished

B. outgoing; withdrawn

C. diligent; tolerant

D. boisterous; excitable

【答案】B

【解析】句意：在被同事断然拒绝后，这位最初性格外向的年轻研究员变得越来越沉默寡言。outgoing外向的。withdrawn沉默寡言的；孤僻的。tedious沉闷的。polished优雅的，有教养的。diligent勤劳的。tolerant宽容的。boisterous喧嚣的；狂暴的。excitable易激动的。

27. Nowadays life models—men
and women who pose in the nude for artists—seem curiously _____, relics of a bygone age when art student _____ labored amid skeletons and anatomical charts,
learning to draw the human body as painstakingly as medical students learn to
it.

A. daring; cure

B. stereotyped; diagnose

C. archaic; dissect

D. anachronistic; sketch

【答案】D

【解析】句意：现如今，美术生们都把骨架和解剖图当做素描对象，像医科生一样煞费苦心地学习如何绘制人体，而那些在艺术家面前裸露的模特们似乎已经脱离了时代。daring大胆的。cure治疗。stereotyped千篇一律的。diagnose诊断。archaic古代的；陈旧的。dissert论述。anachronistic过时的；时代错误的。sketch画素描。

28. Like Machiavelli
before him, Henry Kissinger has a keen appreciation for the head-headed, even _____, use of power, to the point of admiring some
traits in leaders who were otherwise _____.

A. cynical; benevolent

B. gentle; insignificant

C. resentful; charismatic

D. ruthless; detestable

【答案】D

【解析】句意：就像前人马基雅弗利一样，亨利·基辛格对领袖主导权力的主张甚至到了无情的程度，他甚至欣赏着那些在其他方面被认为可憎的领袖身上的优秀品质。ruthless无情的。detestable可憎的。cynical愤世嫉俗的。benevolent仁慈的。gentle温和的。insignificant不重要的。resentful充满忿恨的。charismatic有魅力的。

29. It is relief to
see people who can be interested in the arts without being “arty”—collectors
who collect for their own _____ rather than
for _____.

A. delight; show

B. interest; pleasure

C. reputation; amusement

D. enjoyment; satisfaction

【答案】A

【解析】句意：看到那些对艺术感兴趣而不是“附庸风雅”的人们——为自己的乐趣而不是为了展示去收藏作品的人，是一件令人欣慰的事。delight高兴。show展览。interest利益，兴趣。pleasure快乐。reputation名声。amusement消遣。enjoyment享受。satisfaction满足。

30. He was habitually
so docile and _____ that his friends could not
understand his sudden _____ his employers.

A. incorrigible; suspicion of

B. accommodating; outburst against

C. erratic; envy of

D. hasty; cordiality toward

【答案】B

【解析】句意：他平时是一个温顺随和的人，因此他的朋友们不能理解为什么他对雇主突然发怒。accommodating随和的。outburst（情感的）爆发。incorrigible不可救药的。suspicion怀疑。erratic不稳定的。envy嫉妒。hasty轻率的，匆忙的。cordiality热诚，真挚。

31. _____ was the president when the United States
joined the Allied force against the Axis Power during the Word War II.

A. Abraham Lincoln

B. Andrew Jackson

C. Franklin Delano Roosevelt

D. Theodore Roosevelt

【答案】C

【解析】在美国加入同盟国时，富兰克林·罗斯福是时任美国总统。

32.
U. S. presidents normally serve a(n) _____ term.

A. two-year

B. four-year

C. six-year

D. eight-year

【答案】B

【解析】美国总统的任期通常为四年。

33.
Which of the following cities is NOT located in the Northeast, U. S.? _____.

A. Houston

B. Boston

C. Baltimore

D. Philadelphia

【答案】A

【解析】休斯顿位于美国南部。

34. Those on board of the
Mayflower were the earlier British rulers who built up the _____ Colony.

A. Pennsylvania

B. Virginia

C. Massachusetts

D. North Caronia

【答案】C

【解析】五月花号的移民者首先在马萨诸塞州建立了殖民地。

35.
The Prime Minister in Britain is head of _____.

A. the Shadow Cabinet

B. the Parliament

C. the Opposition

D. the Cabinet

【答案】D

【解析】英国首相是内阁的首脑。

36. Common Sense
written by _____ played a very important role
in arousing the awareness of the American
colonists to get independence from the British governance.

A. Thomas Jefferson

B. Thomas Paine

C. John Jay

D. Benjamin Franklin

【答案】B

【解析】《常识》的作者是托马斯·潘恩。

37. _____ is the state church in England.

A. The Roman Catholic Church

B. The Baptist Church

C. The Protestant Church

D. The Church of England

【答案】D

【解析】英国国教是英国的国家教会。

38.
The Declaration of Independence was drafted by _____.

A. Thomas Jefferson

B. Thomas Paine

C. John Jay

D. Benjamin Franklin

【答案】A

【解析】通常认为托马斯·杰斐逊是《独立宣言》最主要的起草人。

39.
The Mori were natives of _____ before the arrival of white settlers.

A. Australia

B. New Zealand

C. Americas

D. South Africa

【答案】B

【解析】在白人殖民者到达新西兰之前，毛利人一直是新西兰的原住民。

40. There are the
Senate and House of Representatives under the Congress in the United States,
while in the United Kingdom, there are _____ under
the Parliament.

A. the Lords and House of Commons

B. the House of Lords and Commons

C. the Lords and Commons

D. the House of Lords and House
of Commons

【答案】D

【解析】英国议会制度中分为上议院（House of Lords）和下议院（House of Commons）。

Ⅱ. Fill in each of the blanks (30/150):

A. with an appropriate preposition or a particle (15)

(1)______ the time the American
colonists took (2)______ arms (3)______ Great Britain in order to secure their
independence, the institution of Black slavery was deeply entrenched. But the
contradiction inherent (4)______ this situation was, (5)______ many, a source
of constant embarrassment. “It always appeared a most iniquitous scheme (6)______
me,” Abigail Adams wrote her husband in 1774, “to fight ourselves for what we
are daily robbing and plundering (7)______ those who have as good a right (8)______
freedom as we have.”

Many Americans (9)______ Abigail
Adams were struck (10)______ the inconsistency of their stand (11)______ the
War of Independence, and they were not averse (12)______ making moves to
emancipate the slaves. Quakers and other religious groups organized antislavery
societies, while numerous individuals manumitted their slaves. (13)______ fact,
(14)______ several years of the end of the War of Independence, most of the
Eastern states had made provisions (15)______ the gradual emancipation of
slaves.

【答案与解析】

1.
By

（by the time在……时。）

2.
up

（take up arms拿起武器。）

3.
against

（against在此处表示反抗某人或某物。）

4.
in

（inherent in在……中存在。）

5.
for

（for many在此处表示“对很多人来说”。）

6.
to

（appear to似乎，好像。）

7.
from

（plunder from从某处抢夺。）

8.
to

（right to sth享有某物的权力。）

9.
besides

（此处表示的是除阿比盖尔·亚当斯之外的其他美国人，因此填“besides”。）

10.
by

（be struck by被……触动。）

11. during

（句意：除了阿比盖尔，很多其他的美国人也收到了他们在独立战争中摇摆不定立场的影响。）

12.
to

（be averse to反对……）

13.
In

（in fact事实上。）

14.
within

（within several years在几年之内。）

15. for

（句意：事实上，在独立战争的最后几年里，东部的大多数州都已经为奴隶的逐渐解放制定了相应的规定。）

B. with an appropriate word

Two of the major (16)______
of the world are Christianity and (17)______. Although seemingly (18)______,
the two faiths (19)______ several fundamental beliefs and practices. Both
worship the same deity, whom the (20)______ term God and the Muslims call (21)______.
For knowledge of his faith and for inspiration, the Christian (22)______ to its
holy book, the (23)______. The Muslin, (24)______, has a holy book, the Koran
which guides his prayers and gives the meaning to his (25)______. The Ten
Commandments and Sermon on the Mount provide a (26)______ of ethics for the
lives of the Christians. (27)______, all Muslims subscribe to the Hadith and
the Five Pillars of Faith for daily (28)______. Such basic (29)______ in code
and conduct illustrate the shared heritage of (30)______ and Islam.

【答案与解析】

16.religions

（根据全文的内容可以看出本篇文章在对基督教和伊斯兰教进行比较，因此此处应该是“religions”。）

17.Islam

（由“two of the major
religions”可得出此处应填Islam。）

18.different

（句意：尽管看起来不同，两种信仰之间还是有几处共同的基础和行为。）

19.share

（share在此处表示“共同拥有”。）

20.Christians

（句意：两种宗教都信仰共同的神，基督教徒将其称为上帝而穆斯林将其称为安拉。）

21.Allah

（Allah安拉。）

22.turns

（turn to寻求……的帮助。）

23.Bible

（根据前文“the
Christian turns to its holy book”可以看出此处所指的是《圣经》。）

24.too

（句意：穆斯林同样拥有一本神圣经典。）

25.life

（句意：《古兰经》指引着信徒，并赋予他们人生的意义。）

26.code

（句意：十诫和山上宝训给了基督徒们道德上的戒律。）

27.Similarly

（句意：同样地，所有的穆斯林都遵循圣训和五个支柱信仰，以作为日常生活的指引。）

28.guidance

（同上一题。）

29.similarities

（句意：这些戒律和行为上的基本共同点体现了基督教和伊斯兰教传统上的相似性。）

30.Christianity

（同上一题。）

Ⅲ. Answer the following Questions (10/150):

1.
What are the difference among adjuncts, conjuncts and disjuncts? Please clarify
them with examples. (6)

【答案】

An adjunct is a part
of sentence which is dispensable but also can add additional information to the
sentence. For example: He runs on the street. “on the street” is considered as
adjunct.

Conjuncts are used to
provide logical relations between sentences. For example: He tried very hard.
However, he still failed the exam. “However” is considered as conjunct.

Disjuncts are used to
indicate the speaker’s or writer’s attitude or descriptive statement of the
propositional content of the sentence. For example: Luckily, I was not late for
school. “Luckily” is considered as disjunct.

2. Is there any difference
between cohesion and coherence? What if any? (4)

【答案】

Cohesion and coherence do have
different meanings. Cohesion refers to all grammatical and lexical links
between different parts of texts; Coherence refers to the relation between
meanings and sequences of ideas.

Ⅳ. Reading Comprehension:

Passage A

As school starts this fall in
Tununak, a tiny Eskimo community on the windswept coast of Alaska, Teacher Ben
Orr is planning to invite elderly storyteller into the classroom so his young
students can learn and then write down traditional legends and lore of their
vanishing culture. For Donna Maxim’s third-graders in Boothbay, Me., writing
will become a tool in science and social studies as students record
observations, questions and reactions about what they discover each day. In
Eagle Butte, S. D., Geri Gutwein has designed a writing project in which her ninth-grade
students exchanged letters with third-graders about stories they have read
together. This year a few of her students will sit with Cheyenne women who tell
tales as they knit together, their heritage becoming grist for today’s young
writers.

Although these teachers are
separated by thousands of miles, their methods of trying to encourage children
to write spring from a common source: the Bread Loaf School of English. There,
near Vermont’s Middlebury College, grade school and high school teachers give
up part of their vacations each summer to spend six weeks brainstorming,
studying and trading experiences as they try to devise new methods of getting
their pupils to write. Says Dixie Goswami, a Clemson University English
professor who heads Bread Loaf’s program in writing: “We have nothing against ‘skill-and-drill’
writing curricula, except they don’t work.” Instead, Bread Loaf graduates have
quietly created one of the nation’s most inventive programs to encourage
student writers.

The Bread Loaf literature and
writing program began in 1920 as a summer retreat where English teachers
studied for advanced degrees. Until the late 1970s most were teachers from
elite Eastern prep schools. Bread Loaf “was failing in its social
responsibility,” says Paul Cubeta, a Middlebury humanities professor who has
directed the program since 1965. “So we went looking in rural America for
potential educational leaders.” Foundation funds were raised to help defray the
$2, 500 costs for tuition and board. Over the past ten years nearly 500 rural
instructors have studied in the shadow of the distinctly flattened mountain
that gives the school its name. This summer 73 came to Bread Loaf from small
towns in 32 states.

Bread Loafers are convinced that
children are inspired to write well when they have information to communicate.
In Gilbert, S. C., for instance, students interviewed old-timers to discover
what life in their small towns was like many decades ago. The students’
narrative accounts, vividly describing everything from butter making to
courtship and marriage, were published in a magazine they named Sparkleberry.
This summer at Gilbert’s Fourth of July Peach Festival, the homemade magazines
sold like hot cobblers.

Many of the new ideas that
teachers took away from Bread Loaf seemed in danger of withering back home,
remembers Cubeta. “We needed to devise a way for them to go back with support
for their projects and for each other.” One result was an idea called BreadNet:
by setting up a network of word processors, Bread Loaf-trained teachers could
instantaneously connect their classrooms. Last year the project lifted off when
a charitable trust donated $1.5 million for that and other programs.

The new national hookup provided
evidence for another Bread Loaf belief: children will write freshly when given
a new audience. Students in the tiny ranching community of Wilsall, Mont.,
began writing to children in Pittsburgh about life in winter. “Cows aren’t
smart enough to paw through the snow like horses, so you have to feed them,”
one child explained. A Sioux student on a reservation in South Dakota wrote
candidly about what is happening to one branch of the tribe: “Life for the
Lakota people is going in a downward direction… To control it would take great
human power or magic.”

This fall 68 teachers in 33
states will be able to send their students’ writing electronically into distant
classrooms. Later in the year, the fourth edition of Voices Across the Wires,
a student-edited collection of BreadNet writing, will be published. “Having
real situations to write about has really changed their attitude,” says Joanne
Tulonen, whose Wilsall students were among the first to use BreadNet. “Before,
their writing was artificial. Now they see themselves as people with
information worth sharing.”

1.
The reason why the school was named Bread Loaf is _____.

A. the school is made up of a
group of idle people

B. the school’s head name is
Bread Loaf

C. the school lies in a flattened
mountain

D. the school was named by
national hookup

2.
Bread Loafers are convinced that _____.

A. children will be inspired when
they have information to communicate

B. children will write freshly
when given a new audience

C. both A and B

D. children will be more creative

3.
What kind of way is devised for teachers to go back with support for each
other?

A. Interview old-timers.

B. Set up BreadNet.

C. Exchange letters about stories.

D. Adopt the skill-and-drill
project.

4.
Teachers trained in Bread Loaf will not _____.

A. invite elder storytellers to
classroom

B. have summer vacation in Bread
Loaf School

C. devise innovative writing
program

D. work against skill and drill

5.
The writing project devised by the teachers in Bread Loaf is _____ to the
students’ writing.

A. effective

B. insipid

C. worthless

D. none of the above

【答案与解析】

1.C  根据文章第三段倒数第二句“over the past ten years nearly 500 rural instructors
have studied in the shadow of the distinctly flattened mountain that gives the
school its name.”可以看出学校因其所在的地点而得名。

2.C  根据文章第四段第一句“Bread Loafers are convinced that children are inspired
to write well when they have information to communicate.”和文章倒数第二段第一句“The new national hookup provided evidence for
another Bread Loaf belief: children will write freshly when given a new
audience.”可以看出A和B选项都是正确的。

3.A  根据文章第二段第二句“There…teachers give up part of their vacations each
summer to spend six weeks brainstorming, studying and trading experiences as
they try to devise new methods of getting their pupils to write.”可以看出这些老师相互支持的主要手段是交流过去的经验。

4.D  根据文章第二段倒数第二句话“We have nothing against ‘skill-and-drill’ writing
curricula…”可以看出项目中的老师并不反对“技能与训练”这一模式。

5.A  根据文章最后一段最后一句话“Before, their writing was artificial. Now they see
themselves as people with information worth sharing.”可以看出该项目对于学生写作的态度有了很大的改善。

Passage B

Campaigning on the Indian
frontier is an experience by itself. Neither the landscape nor the people find
their counterparts in any other portion of the globe. Valley walls rise steeply
five or six thousand feet on every side. The columns crawl through a maze of
giant corridors down which fierce snow-fed torrents foam under skies of brass.
Amid these scenes of savage brilliancy there dwells a race whose qualities seem
to harmonize with their environment. Except at harvest-time, when
self-preservation requires a temporary truce, the Pathan tribes are always
engaged in private or public war. Every man is a warrior, a politician and a
theologian. Every large house is a real feudal fortress made, it is true, only
of sun-baked clay, but with battlements, turrets, loopholes, drawbridges, etc.
complete. Every village has its defense. Every family cultivates its vendetta;
every clan, its feud. The numerous tribes and combinations of tribes all have
their accounts to settle with one another. Nothing is ever forgotten, and very
few debts are left unpaid. For the purpose of social life, in
addition to the convention about harvest-time, a most elaborate code of honor
has been established and is on the whole faithfully observed. A man knew it and
observed it faultlessly might pass unarmed from one end of the frontier to
another. The slightest technical slip would, however, be fatal. The life of the
Pathan is thus full of interest, and his valleys, nourished alike by endless
sunshine and abundant water, are fertile enough to yield with little labor the
modest material requirements of a sparse population.

Into this happy world the
nineteenth century brought two new facts: the rifle and the British Government.
The first was an enormous luxury and blessing, the second, an unmitigated
nuisance. The convenience of the rifle was nowhere more appreciated than in the
Indian highlands. A weapon which would kill with accuracy at fifteen hundred
yards opened a whole new vista of delights to every family or clan which could
acquire it. One could actually remain in one’s own house and fire at one’s
neighbor nearly a mile away. One could lie in wait on some high crag, and at
hitherto unheard-of ranges hit a horseman far below. Even villages could fire
at each other without the trouble of going far from home. Fabulous prices were
therefore offered for these glorious products of science. Rifle-thieves scoured
all Indian to reinforce the efforts of the honest smuggler. A steady flow of
the coveted weapons spread its genial influence throughout the frontier, and
the respect which the Pathan tribesmen entertained for Christian civilization
was vastly enhanced.

The action of the British
Government on the other hand was entirely unsatisfactory. The great organizing,
advancing, absorbing power to the southward seemed to be little better than a
monstrous spoil-sport. If the Pathan made forays into the plains, not only were
they driven back (which after all was no more than fair), but a whole series of
subsequent interferences took place, followed at intervals by expeditions which
toiled laboriously through the valleys, scolding the tribesmen and exacting
fines for any damage which they had done. No one would have minded these
expeditions if they had simply come, had a fight and then gone away again. In many
cases this was their practice under what was called the “butcher and bolt
policy” to which the Government of India long adhere. But towards the end of
the nineteenth century these intruders began to make roads through many of the
valleys and in particular the great road to Chitral. They sought to ensure the
safety of these roads by threats, by forts and by subsidies. There was no
objection to the last method so far as it went. But the whole of this tendency
to road-making was regarded by the Pathans with profound distaste. All along
the road people were expected to keep quiet, not to shoot one another, and
above all not to shoot at travelers along the road. It was too much to ask, and
a whole series of quarrels took their origin from this source.

6.
The word debts in “very few debts are left unpaid” in the first
paragraph means _____.

A. loans

B. accounts

C. killings

D. bargains

7.
Which of the following is NOT one of the geographical facts about the Indian
frontier?

A. Melting snow

B. Large population

C. Steep hillsides

D. Fertile valleys

8.
According to the passage, the Pathans welcomed _____.

A. the introduction of the rifle

B. the spread of British rule

C. the extension of luxuries

D. the spread of trade

9.
Building roads by the British _____.

A. put an end to a whole series
of quarrels

B. prevented the Pathans from
carrying on feuds

C. lessened the subsidies paid to
the Pathans

D. gave the Pathans a much
quieter life

10.
A suitable title for the passage would be _____.

A. Campaigning on the Indian
Frontier

B. Why the Pathans Resented the
British Rule

C. The Popularity of Rifles among
the Pathans

D. The Pathans at War

【答案与解析】

6.C  根据文章第一段中间部分“Every village has its defense. Every family
cultivates its vendetta; every clan, its feud. The numerous tribes and
combinations of tribes all have their accounts to settle with one another.”可得知当时的印第安部落之间有仇必报，因此此处的“debts”所指的是相互间的仇恨。

7.B  根据文章第一段的第二、三句“Valley walls rise steeply five or six thousand feet
on every side. The columns crawl through a maze of giant corridors down which
fierce snow-fed torrents foam under skies of brass.”可得知选项A和C正确。根据第一段最后一句“…and his valleys, nourished alike by endless
sunshine and abundant water, are fertile enough to…”可得知选项D正确。选项B在文中没有出现，因此是错误的。

8.A  根据文章第二段第三句“The convenience of the rifle was nowhere more
appreciated than in the Indian highlands.”可得知步枪深受当时印第安部落的欢迎。

9.B  根据文章最后一段最后一句话“It was too much to ask, and a whole series of
quarrels took their origin from this source.”可以得知在英国人修建道路之后，印第安部落之间的纠纷变成了印第安人同英国人之间的纠纷。因此B选项是正确的。

10.D  文章第一段主要介绍了印第安部落的居住环境以及部落之间常年交战的状态。第二段及第三段介绍了步枪和英国人的到来对这种状态造成了何种影响。可以看出文章主要是在讲印第安部落间的战争状态，因此选项D和文章最相符。

Passage C

The fox really exasperated them
both. As soon as they had let the fowls out, in the early summer mornings, they
had to take their guns and keep guard, and then again as soon as evening began
to mellow, they must go once more. And he was so sly. He slid along in the deep
grass; he was difficult as a serpent to see. And he seemed to circumvent the
girls deliberately. Once or twice March had caught sight of the white tip of
his brush, or the ruddy shadow of him in the deep grass, and she had let fire
at him. But he made no account of this.

The trees on the wood-edge were a
darkish, brownish green in the full light—for it was the end of August. Beyond,
the naked, copper-like shafts and limbs of the pine trees shone in the air.
Nearer the rough grass, with its long, brownish stalks all agleam, was full of
light. The fowls were roundabout—the ducks were still swimming on the pond
under the pine trees. March looked at it all, saw it all, and did not see it.
She heard Banford speaking to the fowls in the distance—and she did not hear.
What was she thinking about? Heaven knows. Her consciousness was, as it were,
held back.

She lowered her eyes, and
suddenly saw the fox. He was looking up at her. His chin was pressed down—she
knew he knew her. So he looked into her eyes, and her soul failed her. He knew
her, he was not daunted.

She struggled; confusedly she
came herself, and saw him making off, with slow leaps over some fallen boughs,
slow, impudent jumps. Then he glanced over his shoulder, and ran smoothly away.
She saw his brush held smooth like a feather; she saw his white buttocks
twinkle. And he was gone, softly, soft as the wind.

She put her gun to her shoulder,
but even then pursed her mouth, knowing it was nonsense to pretend to fire. So
she began to walk slowly after him, in the direction he had gone, slowly,
pertinaciously. She expected to find him. In her heart she was determined to
find him. What she would do when she saw him again she did not consider. But
she was determined to find him. So she walked abstractedly about on the edge of
the wood, with wide, vivid dark eyes, and a faint flush in her cheeks. She did
not think. In strange mindlessness she walked hither and thither…

As soon as supper was over, she
rose again to go out, without saying why.

She took her gun again and went
to look for the fox. For he had lifted his eyes upon her, and his knowing look
seemed to have entered her brain. She did not so much think of him; she was
possessed by him. She saw his dark, shrewd, unabashed eye looking into her,
knowing her. She felt him invisibly master her spirit. She knew the way he
lowered his chin as he looked up, she knew his muzzle, the golden brown, and
grayish white. And again she saw him glance over his shoulder at her, half
inviting, half contemptuous and cunning. So she went, with her great startled
eyes glowing, her gun under her arm, along the wood edge. Meanwhile the night
fell, and a great moon rose above the pine trees.

11.
At the beginning of the story, the fox seems to be all EXCEPT _____.

A. cunning

B. fierce

C. defiant

D. annoying

12.
As the story proceeds, March begins to feel under the spell of _____.

A. the light

B. the trees

C. the night

D. the fox

13.
Gradually March seems to be in a state of _____.

A. blankness

B. imagination

C. sadness

D. excitement

14.
At the end of the story, there seems to be a sense of _____ between March and
the fox.

A. detachment

B. anger

C. intimacy

D. conflict

15.
The passage creates an overall impression of _____.

A. mystery

B. horror

C. liveliness

D. contempt

【答案与解析】

11.B  根据文章第一段第三句话“And he was so sly.”可以判断A选项正确。第五句话“And he seemed to circumvent the girls deliberately.”可以看出狐狸似乎是在对女孩挑衅，因此选项C正确。第一句话“The
fox really exasperated them both.”可以看出狐狸让双方都烦躁不安，因此D选项正确。文章中没有表现狐狸凶狠的一面，因此选项B是不正确的。

12.D  根据文章第三段第四句和第五句话“His chin was pressed down—she
knew he knew her. So he looked into her eyes, and her soul failed her.”可以看出女孩是被狐狸震慑住了，因此D选项正确。

13.A  根据文章第五段最后两句“She did not think. In strange mindlessness she
walked hither and thither…”可以看出女孩当时处于一种无意识的状态，因此A选项正确。

14.C  根据文章最后一段的“She did not so much think of him; she was possessed
by him.”和“She felt him invisibly master her
spirit.”可以看出女孩和狐狸在当时处于一种近乎于亲密的状态，因此C选项正确。

15.A  整篇文章描写出了一幕猎狐的场面。通过女孩的动作和心理变化渲染出了她同狐狸之间逐渐紧密的联系。由于作者并没有直接表现出这种联系，而是通过侧面描写来体现，所以文章中包含着一种神秘的气氛。

Passage D

Despite Denmark’s manifest
virtues, Danes never talk about how proud they are to be Danes. This would
sound weird in Danish. When Danes talk to foreigners about Denmark, they always
begin by commenting on its tininess, its unimportance, the difficulty of its
language, the general small-mindedness and self-indulgence of their countrymen
and the high taxes. No Dane would look you in the eye and say, “Denmark is a
great country.” You’re supposed to figure this out for yourself.

It is the land of the silk safety
net, where almost half the national budget goes toward smoothing out life’s
inequalities, and there is plenty of money for schools, day care, retraining
programs, job seminars-Danes love seminars: three days at a study centre
hearing about waste management is almost as good as a ski trip. It is a culture
bombarded by English, in advertising, pop music, the Internet, and despite all
the English that Danish absorbs—there is no Danish Academy to defend against it—old
dialects persist in Jutland that can barely be understood by Copenhageners. It
is the land where, as the saying goes, “Few have too much and fewer have too
little,” and a foreigner is struck by the sweet egalitarianism that prevails,
where the lowliest clerk gives you a level gaze, where Sir and Madame have
disappeared from common usage, even Mr. and Mrs. It’s a nation of
recyclers—about 55% of Danish garbage gets made into something new—and no nuclear
power plants. It’s a nation of tireless planner. Trains run on time. Things
operate well in general.

Such a nation of overachievers—a
brochure from the Ministry of Business and Industry says, “Denmark is one of
the world’s cleanest and most organized countries, with virtually no pollution,
crime, or poverty. Denmark is the most corruption-free society in the Northern
Hemisphere.” So, of course, one’s heart lifts at any sighting of Danish sleaze:
skinhead graffiti on buildings (“Foreigners Out of Denmark!”), broken beer
bottles in the gutters, drunken teenagers slumped in the park.

Nonetheless, it is an orderly
land. You drive through a Danish town, it comes to an end at a stone wall, and
on the other side is a field of barley, a nice clean line: town here, country
there. It is not a nation of jaywalkers. People stand on the curb and wait for
the red light to change, even if it’s 2 a.m. and there’s not a car in sight.
However, Danes don’t think of themselves as
awaiting-at-2-a.m.-for-the-green-light people—that’s how they see Swedes and
Germans. Danes see themselves as jazzy people, improvisers, more free spirited
than Swedes, but the truth is (though one should not say it) that Danes are
very much like Germans and Swedes. Orderliness is a main selling point. Denmark
has few natural resources, limited manufacturing capability; its future in
Europe will be as a broker, banker, and distributor of goods. You send your
goods by container ship to Copenhagen, and these bright, young,
English-speaking, utterly honest, highly disciplined people will get your goods
around to Scandinavia, the Baltic States, and Russia. Airports, seaports,
highways, and rail lines are ultramodern and well-maintained.

The orderliness of the society
doesn’t mean that Danish lives are less messy or lonely than yours or mine, and
no Dane would tell you so. You can hear plenty about bitter family feuds and
the sorrows of alcoholism and about perfectly sensible people who went off one
day and killed themselves. An orderly society cannot exempt its members from
the hazards of life.

But there is a sense of
entitlement and security that Danes grow up with. Certain things are yours by
virtue of citizenship, and you shouldn’t feel bad for taking what you’re
entitled to, you’re as good as anyone else. The rules of the welfare system are
clear to everyone, the benefits you get if you lose your job, the steps you
take to get a new one; and the orderliness of the system makes it possible for
the country to weather high unemployment and social unrest without a sense of
crisis.

16.
The author thinks that Danes adopt a _____ attitude towards their country.

A. boastful

B. modest

C. deprecating

D. mysterious

17.
Which of the following is NOT a Danish characteristic cited in the passage?

A. Fondness of foreign culture

B. Equality in society

C. Linguistic tolerance

D. Persistent planning

18.
The author’s reaction to the statement by the Ministry of Business and Industry
is _____.

A. disapproving

B. approving

C. noncommittal

D. doubtful

19.
According to the passage, Danish orderliness _____.

A. sets the people apart from
Germans and Swedes

B. spares Danes social troubles
besetting other people

C. is considered economically
essential to the country

D. prevents Danes from
acknowledging existing troubles

20.
At the end of the passage the author states all the following EXCEPT that _____.

A. Danes are clearly informed of
their social benefits

B. Danes take for granted what is
given to them

C. the open system helps to tide
the country over

D. orderliness has alleviated
unemployment

【答案与解析】

16.B  根据文章第一段第一句“…Danes never talk about how proud they are to be
Danes.”可以看出丹麦人对于自己身份和国家的态度是谦虚的。modest谦虚的。boastful自负的。deprecating不以为然的。mysterious神秘的，不可思议的。

17.A  根据文章第二段第三句“…‘Few have too much and fewer have too little,’ and
a foreigner is struck by the sweet egalitarianism that prevails”能够看出丹麦是注重平等的国家，B选项正确。文章第二段第二句“It
is a culture bombarded by English…there is no Danish Academy to defend against
it—old dialects persist in Jutland that can barely be understood by Copenhageners.”可以看出丹麦是具有语言包容性的国家，因此C选项正确。由第二段中间部分“It’s
a nation of tireless planner. Trains run on time. Things operate well in
general.”可以看出丹麦人习惯于遵循计划，因此D选项正确。文章中没有提及A选项的内容，因此选择A选项。

18.D  作者在文章第二段提到丹麦工商部长称丹麦为“世界上最有秩序，污染和贫穷最少的国家”等等。之后作者列举了一系列在丹麦发生的环境、秩序等问题，说明作者对于工商部长的发言持怀疑态度。

19.C  根据文章第三段中间部分“Orderliness is a main selling point.”可以看出社会秩序对丹麦的经济起到了极大促进作用，因此C选项是正确的。

20.D  根据文章最后一段第三句“The rules of the welfare system are clear to
everyone…”可以得出A选项是本段中涉及到的。由第二句中的“…you
shouldn’t feel bad for taking what you’re entitled to…”可以得出B选项。由最后一句中的“…the orderliness of the system makes it possible for
the country to weather high unemployment and social unrest without a sense of
crisis.”可以看出丹麦的社会体系能够帮助国家度过困难，因此C选项是正确的。作者没有明确地表示丹麦的秩序缓解了失业问题，因此D选项不正确。

Ⅴ. Write a
short paragraph of CONTRAST using the title, topic and concluding statement
given (10/150):

The Objective Test and the Essay Exam

In college and university
courses, the objective test and the essay exam are two contrasting methods of
evaluation commonly used to measure a student’s grasp of subject matter.

______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Although the object test and the
essay exam have similar goals—the assessment of a student’s academic
achievement—the techniques (and very often the results) of the two types of
examination differ significantly.

【参考范文】

The major difference between
objective test and essay exam is the approach of how they evaluate a student’s
ability: the former focuses on the correctness of knowledge a student have
acquired and master while the latter concentrates on whether a student is
capable of expressing his or her idea correctly with coherence and cohesion.
Comparatively, essay exam demands creativity and the ability to express.
Although focuses of these two types of exams are different, both of them are
essential means to test students.

Ⅵ. Turn the following into Chinese (20/150)

In addition, one class of family
reasons shares a border with the following category, namely, having children in
order to maintain or improve a marriage: to hold the husband or occupy the
wife, to repair or rejuvenate the marriage; to increase the number of children
on the assumption that family happiness lies that way. The point is underlined
by its converse: in some societies the failure to bear children (or males) is a
threat to the marriage and a ready cause for divorce.

Beyond all that is the profound
significance of children to the very institution of the family itself. To many
people, husband and wife alone do not seem a proper family—they need children
to enrich the circle, to validate its family character, to gather the
redemptive influence of offspring. Children need the family, but the family
seems also to need children, as the social institution uniquely available, at
least in principle, for security, comfort, assurance, and direction in a
changing, often hostile, world. To most people, such a home base, in the
literal sense, needs more than one person for sustenance and in generational
extension.

【参考译文】

此外，有一类家族原因与下面一组原因共通，即生儿育女是为了维系或改善婚姻：能拴住丈夫或让妻子有事可做；修复或重振婚姻；之所以多生孩子是因为他们认为多子多福。反过来说：在某些社会中，不生孩子（或不生男孩）不仅是对婚姻的一种威胁，还成为了离婚的正当理由。

此外，更为重要的是，孩子对于家庭这一机构自身尤为重要。对许多人来说，夫妻二人还不算一个真正意义上的家庭——他们需要孩子来丰富两人天地，使它具有家庭特征，并使他们自己从中获得救赎。孩子需要家庭，家庭似乎也需要孩子。在一个变幻莫测、常常充满敌意的世界中，家庭作为一种社会机构，以其特有的方式，至少在原则上，需要在孩子身上获得某种安全感、慰藉、保障和指望。对于多数人来说，这种原本意义上的家的基地，需要不止一个人来维持，使其代代相传，生生不息。

Ⅶ. Turn the following into English (20/150)

1938年11月10日，是德国犹太裔孪生姐妹露西娅和佳丽娜(Lucia and Carina Greenberg)的18岁生日。当露西娅等待她的恋人汉斯(Hans Shultz)登门求婚时，罗特舅舅闯进家门。带来儿子鲍立斯(Boris Cohen)被抓进集中营和夫人被打死的噩耗。己成为党卫军的汉斯追踪而至。在抓“逃犯”与贺生日、求婚之间陷入尴尬。当晚，汉斯又随梅·辛格(May Singer)中校焚烧犹太人教堂、商店、医院、学校、住宅等建筑，大肆屠杀犹太人，露西娅的母亲亦遭到枪杀。生日的夜晚变成犹太人鲜血遍地流淌的“水晶之夜”，与此同时，远在世界东方，日本军队也对中国苏南农村大扫荡，留德学生唐金汉之妻刘舒婷的娘家毗邻上海的刘庄，138位乡亲全部被杀，刘舒婷赶来时只能抱着父母的尸体撕心地痛哭。

【参考译文】

November 10th, 1938 was the 18th
birthday of German-Jewish twins Lucia and Carina Greenberg. While Lucia was
waiting for her lover, Hans Shultz, to come and engage, their uncle Robert
suddenly broke in with the tragic news that his son Boris Cohen was caught into
the concentration camp and his wife was killed. Hans, who had already became a
Schutzstaffel, came and was in the embarrassment among engagement, birthday
celebration and catching the escaped criminal. At that night, Hans followed
lieutenant May Singer. They burnt down buildings like Jewish churches, shops,
hospitals, schools and residences. Numerous Jewish were slaughtered, Lucia’s
mother was shot as well. The birthday evening was turned into “the Crystal
Night” when the ground was covered with the blood of Jewish. Meanwhile, far
away in the east, Japanese army was also mopping up countryside of South
Jiangsu. Liu Zhuang, the hometown of Liu Shuting whose husband Tang Jinhan was
an oversea student in Germany, was attacked with all 138 villagers killed. When
Liu Shuting arrived, what she could do was holding the dead body of her parents
and crying as if her heart was torn apart.

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