上海对外经贸大学357英语翻译基础考研真题及辅导用书

考研真题

1. 上海对外经贸大学国际商务外语学院《357英语翻译基础》[专业硕士]历年考研真题

2. 2026年翻译硕士《357英语翻译基础》考研真题与典型题

考研指导书

1. 冯庆华《实用翻译教程》（第3版）配套题库（含考研真题）

2. 2026年翻译硕士《357英语翻译基础》专用教材

上海对外经贸大学国际商务外语学院《357英语翻译基础》[专业硕士]历年考研真题AI讲解

书籍目录

部分内容

2011年上海对外经贸大学357英语翻译基础考研真题及详解

一、将下列短语译成汉语(30 points)

1 EC

【答案】电子商务（Electronic Commerce）

2 Combined transport

【答案】联合运输

3 Optical fiber communication

【答案】光纤通信

4 Confucianism

【答案】儒家

5 Force majeure

【答案】不可抗力

6 Individually-owned enterprise

【答案】个体户

7 To beg off

【答案】借故推辞；请求免除责任

8 Parent company

【答案】母公司

9 Independent foreign policy of peace

【答案】独立自主的和平外交政策

10 Asset management

【答案】资产管理

11 Legal person shares

【答案】法人股

12 Standard Chartered Bank

【答案】渣打银行

13 IPO

【答案】首次公开募股

14 Non-performing loan

【答案】不良贷款

15 ECSC

【答案】欧洲煤钢联营

二、将下列短语译成英语 (30 points)

1 学士学位

【答案】bachelor’s degree

2 专门从事

【答案】be specialized in

3 益损

【答案】profit and loss

4 社会保障体系

【答案】Social Security System

5 可再生资源

【答案】renewable resources

6 自由贸易区

【答案】free trade area

7 小康社会

【答案】a well-off society

8 万有引力定律

【答案】Law of Gravity

9 一份工资较低的工作

【答案】a low paid job

10 生态系统

【答案】ecosystem

11 人口过度增长

【答案】excessive population growth

12 民工

【答案】migrant worker

13 自有品牌产品

【答案】products of the private label/own brand

14 社会稳定

【答案】social stability

15 酸雨

【答案】acid rain

三、将下列短文译成汉语 (45 points)

The Literature of Knowledge and the Literature of Power

What is it that
we mean by literature? Popularly, and amongst the thoughtless, it is held to
include everything that is printed in a book. Little logic is required to
disturb that definition. The most thoughtless person is easily made aware that
in the idea of literature one essential element is some relation to a general
and common interest of man—so that what applies only to a local, or
professional, or merely personal interest, even though presenting itself in the
shape of a book, will not belong to Literature. So far the definition is easily
narrowed; and it is as easily expanded.  For not only is much that takes a
station in books not literature; but inversely, much that really is literature never
reaches a station in books. The weekly sermons of Christendom, that vast pulpit
literature which acts so extensively upon the popular mind—to warn, to uphold,
to renew, to comfort, to alarm—does not attain the sanctuary of libraries in
the ten-thousandth part of its extent. The Drama again—as, for instance, the
finest of Shakespeare’s plays in England, and all leading Athenian plays in the
noontide of the Attic stage—operated as a literature on the public mind, and
were (according to the strictest letter of that term) published through the
audiences that witnessed their representation some time before they were
published as things to be read; and they were published in this scenical mode
of publication with much more effect than they could have had as books during
ages of costly copying or of costly printing.

【参考译文】

文学的知识性与文学的力量

我们用文学指的是什么？一般地不经思考的人认为包括印在书里的一切。勿需逻辑去驳倒那定义，最不善去思考的人也很容易会明白从文学观点上讲，基本要素之一是与广泛而普遍的人类情趣的某种关系。所以适用于地方性的，专业性的或者仅是个人兴趣的，尽管以书的形式呈现出来，也不属于文学范畴。从范围来讲，文学定义容易被局限，同样也容易被延伸。因为不仅多数在书中占一位置的并不是文学。相反多数真正的文学从来没有达到在书中有一位置。基督教每周布道，众多讲道坛文学广泛作用于信众头脑——警告、培养、更新、抚慰、警醒——也没有在千分之十的范围内获得图书馆式的礼拜堂。戏剧又作为一种文学作用于公众头脑，比如莎士比亚剧本的经典，雅典全盛时期所有主流的雅典戏剧，它们在被作为阅读的东西出版之前一段时间通过观众传播并见证了它们的存在，并且远比复印、打印昂贵的时代作为书被出版影响要大得多。

四、将下列短文译成英语 (45 points)

做一个更好的倾听者

我坚信做一个好的倾听者是相当重要的。尽管比起10年前，我已成为一个不错的倾听者，但我还得承认我不过是个仅仅够格的倾听者。

真正的倾听不仅仅是改掉在人家说话时或快要说完时打断人家的不良习惯，真正的倾听应该是乐于倾听对方的全部思想，而不是不耐烦地等待你应答的机会。从某些意义上说，我们不善于倾听，就反映了我们的生活方式。我们经常视交流为一种接力赛，好像我们的努力方向便是在我们的交谈对象说完他的话和我们张口说话之间不留时间。我夫人和我最近在一家咖啡馆吃午饭时，偷听周围人的交谈。我们的感觉是似乎没有人真正在听对方说话；相反他们在轮流不听对方说话。我问我夫人是否我也是这样。她微微一笑说，“只是有时。”

放慢你应答的节奏去做更好的倾听者，能够帮助你成为一个更为心平气和的人，能够帮助你摆脱压力。如果你好好想一想，你便能悟出：坐在椅边竭力去猜测你面前的人(或电话线那端的人)将要说什么，你好噼里啪啦地回应一番话，要花费你很大的精力，也是很令人紧张的事。但是你边等与之交流的人把话说完，边专注于对方所说的内容，你就会发现压力没有了。

【参考译文】

Become a Better Listener

I strongly
believe that it is rather important to be a good listener. And although I have
become a better listener than I was ten years ago, I have to admit I’m still
only an adequate listener.

Effective
listening is more than simply avoiding the bad habit of interrupting others
while they are speaking or finishing their sentences. It’s being content to
listen to the entire thought of someone rather than waiting impatiently for
your chance to respond. In some ways, the way we fail to listen is symbolic of
the way we live. We often treat communication as if it were a race. It’s almost
like our goal is to have no time gaps between the conclusion of the sentence of
the person we are speaking with and the beginning of our own. My wife and I
were recently at a cafe having lunch, eavesdropping on the conversations around
us. It seemed that no one was really listening to one another, instead they
were taking turns not listening to one another. I asked my wife if I still did
the same thing. With a smile on her face she said, “Only sometimes.”

Slowing down your
responses and becoming a better listener aids you in becoming a more peaceful
person. It takes pressure from you. If you think about it, you’ll notice that
it takes an enormous amount of energy and is very stressful to be sitting at
the edge of your seat trying to guess what the person in front of you (or on
the telephone) is going to say so that you can fire back your response. But as
you wait for the person you are communicating with to finish, as you simply
listen more intently to what is being said, you’ll notice that the pressure you
feel is off. You’ll immediately feel more relaxed, and so will the people you
are talking to. They will feel safe in slowing down their own responses because
they won’t feel in competition with you for “air time”! But as you wait for the
person you are communicating with to finish, as you simply listen more intently
to what is being said, you’ll notice that the pressure you feel is off.

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