上海大学357英语翻译基础考研真题及辅导用书

考研真题

1. 上海大学外国语学院《357英语翻译基础》[专业硕士]历年考研真题

2. 2026年翻译硕士《357英语翻译基础》考研真题与典型题

考研指导书

1. 冯庆华《实用翻译教程》（第3版）配套题库（含考研真题）

2. 李长栓《非文学翻译理论与实践》（第2版新版）配套题库（含考研真题）

上海大学外国语学院《357英语翻译基础》[专业硕士]历年考研真题AI讲解

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2012年上海大学357英语翻译基础考研真题及详解

Part I (30 points)

1 Translate the following English or
Chinese terminologies into Chinese or English ones respectively. (20 points)

①G20

【答案】20国集团

②经适房

【答案】Residence houses for low-and-medium wage earners/Affordable Housing

③和而不同

【答案】Harmonious but Different

④工业“三废”

【答案】three wastes(waste gas, waste water and waste residues)

⑤保障性住房

【答案】indemnificatory housing

2 What factors do you think need to be taken into consideration
when you are commissioned to translate a source text? (10 points)

【答案】We should follow two principles—faithfulness and expressiveness.
Faithfulness means the full and complete conveying or transmission of the
original content or thought. Expressiveness demands that the version must be
clear and flowing without any grammatical mistakes or confused logic and sense.

Part II Put the
following passage into Chinese (60 points)

TRUE!—nervous—very,
very dreadfully nervous I had been and am; but why will you say that I am mad?
The disease had sharpened my senses—not destroyed—not dulled them. Above all
was the sense of hearing acute. I heard all things in the heaven and in the
earth. I heard many things in hell. How, then, am I mad? Hearken! And observe
how healthily—how calmly I can tell you the whole story.

It is impossible
to say how first the idea entered my brain; but once conceived, it haunted me
day and night. Object there was none. Passion there was none. I loved the old
man. He had never wronged me. He had never given me insult. For his gold I had
no desire. I think it was his eye! Yes, it was this! One of his eyes resembled
that of a vulture—a pale blue eye, with a film over it. Whenever it fell upon me,
my blood ran cold; and so by degrees—very gradually—I made up my mind to take
the life of the old man, and thus rid myself of the eye forever.

Now this is the
point. You fancy me mad. Madmen know nothing. But you should have seen me. You
should have seen how wisely I proceeded—with what caution—with what
foresight—with what dissimulation I went to work! I was never kinder to the old
man than during the whole week before I killed him. And every night about
midnight I turned the latch of his door and opened it—oh, so gently! And then,
when I had made an opening sufficient for my head, I put in a dark lantern all
closed, closed so that no light shone out, and then I thrust in my head. Oh,
you would have laughed to see how cunningly I thrust it in! I moved it
slowly—very, very slowly, so that I might not disturb the old man’s sleep. It
took me an hour to place my whole head within the opening so far that I could
see him as he lay upon his bed. Ha! —would a madman have been so wise as this?
And then when my head was well in the room I undid the lantern cautiously —oh,
so cautiously —cautiously (for the hinges creaked)—I undid it just so much that
a single thin ray fell upon the vulture eye. And this I did for seven long nights—every
night just at midnight—but I found the eye always closed, and so it was
impossible to do the work, for it was not the old man who vexed me but his Evil
Eye. And every morning, when the day broke, I went boldly into the chamber and
spoke courageously to him, calling him by name in a hearty tone, and inquiring
how he had passed the night. So you see he would have been a very profound old man,
indeed, to suspect that every night, just at twelve, I looked in upon him while
he slept.

Upon the eighth
night I was more than usually cautious in opening the door. A watch’s minute hand
moves more quickly than did mine. Never before that night had I felt the extent
of my own powers—of my sagacity. I could scarcely contain my feelings of
triumph. To think that there I was opening the door little by little, and he
not even to dream of my secret deeds or thoughts. I fairly chuckled at the
idea, and perhaps he heard me, for he moved on the bed suddenly as if startled.
Now you may think that I drew back —but no. His room was as black as pitch with
the thick darkness (for the shutters were close fastened through fear of
robbers), and so I knew that he could not see the opening of the door, and I
kept pushing it on steadily, steadily.

I had my head
in, and was about to open the lantern, when my thumb slipped upon the tin fastening,
and the old man sprang up in the bed, crying out—“Who’s there?”.

【朱振武译】

《泄密的心》

真的——紧张——非常紧张，极度紧张，以前，现在，都是这样。可你为什么硬说我疯了呢？这毛病反倒把我的感觉弄得更灵敏了——没失灵——也没麻木。特别是听觉，最好不过了。天上人间的一切声息尽在我的耳鼓里，我还听见地狱中的许多事物。那么，我疯了吗？听着！你看我气色多好——多么镇定自若地把这一切给你和盘托出。

这点子最初怎么进入我的脑海的，是说不上来了，但这点子一出现，就日夜萦绕着我，没啥目的，没啥觊觎。我喜欢那个老头，他从没伤害过我，从没侮辱过我。对他的金子，我更无非分之想。我想是由于他的那只眼睛吧！眼睛，就是这东西！他的一只眼睛酷似鹰眼——一只淡蓝色的眼睛，覆以一层薄翳。只要这只眼睛看到我，我就不寒而栗。于是，渐渐地——一来二去——我便拿定主意要他的命，这样就可以使自己永远摆脱那只眼睛。

你看，这就是问题的关键。你以为我疯了，可疯子是啥都不懂的。可惜你没看见我，可惜你没看到我干得多漂亮——那么审慎，那么周详，伪装得多么巧妙。杀死老头之前的那一周里，我对他是体贴备至。每天夜里，大约午夜时分，我转动门闩，把门拨开——噢，极轻微地！然后，我把门推开，推到我的头那么宽，再放进去一盏黑乎乎的提灯，灯遮的严实合缝，光一点都透不出来——然后我再探进头去。噢，要是看到我有多么巧妙地探进头去，你定会发笑的！我慢慢地探进头去，慢慢地，非常慢地，唯恐搅了老头的美梦。用了一个钟头的时间，我才把头探进门缝，刚好能看见他平躺在床上。哈！——疯子有这脑瓜吗？接着，等我的头全进了门，我就小心翼翼地打开提灯，——哦，十分地小心翼翼——小心翼翼（因为折合之处会发出声响）——我把提灯掀开一条缝隙，一道细细的灯光落在了那只鹰眼上。我就这样一连搞了七个长夜——每天夜里，就在午夜时分——但我发现那只眼睛总是闭着，因此也就没法做那活儿，因为这样他就不是折磨我的那个老头了，折磨我的是那只可恶的眼睛。每天清晨，天刚破晓，我就大摇大摆地走进他的房间，仗着胆跟他说话，亲热地叫他的名字，问他这一宿是怎么过的。所以你看，这老头并非老谋深算之辈，他万没想到我会每天夜里，就在十二点，趁他熟睡的时候去窥视他。

第八天夜里，我更加小心翼翼地打开了门。钟表上的分针都比我的手移动快。这天晚上我才生平第一次感到自己本事如此了得——有如此脑瓜。就要得手了，我几乎不能自已。想想看，我来到门前，打开门，一点一点地，而他连做梦也想不到我有如此秘密之举或非常之想。想到这里，我竟暗自发起笑来。可能是给他听到了，因为他在床上突然翻了个身，像是吃了一惊。你或许以为我会就此打住吧——可是我偏没。他的房间里漆黑一片，伸手难见五指，（因为百叶窗关得严严的，以防强盗），所以我清楚他看不见门开了个缝，我就这样一点一点地往前推着门。

我探进头，正要打开提灯，拇指刚滑到那个锡勾，那老头从床上一下子坐起身来，大声喊道——“哪一个？”

Part III Put
the following passage into English (60 points)

统筹战时医学教育问题

抗日是一场全民族的战争。战事一开，就是人无分男女老幼地无分东南西北，全国上下，都有守土抗战之责。抗战工作千头万绪，医疗卫生在其中占据重要的地位。无论前方浴血奋战的将士，还是后方流离失所的难民与民众，均需有卫生、医疗、救护、防疫等设施。原先就极为匮乏的医护人员，更显得宝贵异常，求远过于供。战争迫切需要各医学教育机关，在最短的时间内造就最大数量的医事人员。

抗战初期，医学院校一度出现了混乱倾向。有的医学院对于抗战工作非常热情，将所有的教授和学生，全部参加前后方的医疗救护工作，医学院事实上已处于停顿状态。有的医学院，为保存实力，携带设备，率领师生，由甲移乙，复有乙移丙，流徙师生的生活几同难民，艰苦自不待言。而有的医学院则闭关自守，照常工作，几不知此时为抗战时期，而不注意对于国家和名族应负之责任。政府对上述偏向，理应加以及时指导。整个医学教育，必须针对战时，重新调整。

1938年12月，颜福庆在《中华医学杂志》上发表了《战时医学教育问题》一文，对战时医学教育作了纲领性的阐述。颜福庆指出：“战时医学院校须同时兼顾平时和战时两种工作，不可偏废。一方面对于前后方所需的医事人员，须从事造就，二不得避免责任。另一方面须多方设法保留原有之教授、学生及设备，以其于战事终止后，藉以恢复固有之基础。上述两种工作，相关至切，宜有详细之考虑，严密之注意。如顾此失彼，即不能贯彻应有之使命。政府在非常时期统筹医学教育的唯一目的，是以最少数之经费、人才、设备，达到战时最高之教学效率。”

【参考译文】

Anti-Japanese
was a national war, which meant that once the war started, whoever you are and
wherever you were from, all over the country, everyone has a responsibility of
defending our territory and fighting against invaders. Anti-Japanese has
thousands of tasks to attend to, among which health care plays a prominent
part. Both officers and soldiers who fought a bloody battle in the front and
homeless refugees and people in the rear are in need of medical facilities,
involving sanitation, medical treatment, medical aid and epidemic prevention.
At that time, medical staff who are extremely insufficient become more valuable
than before, demand far beyond supply. During the war, there is an urgent need
for each medical education institution to bring up the maximum number of
medical personnel in the minimum amount of time.

During the early
period of the anti-Japanese war, there was ever a disordered trend toward
medical schools. Some medical schools showed great enthusiasm toward resistance
by guiding all the professors and students to take part in medical aid in the
front and the rear, while actually medical schools had been at a standstill. In
order to conserve strength, some other medical schools led teachers and
students to move from one place to another with their equipment. And displaced
teachers and students lived a hard life, just like the refugees. However, some
medical schools closed the doors to the outside world and worked as usual, not
realizing the period of anti-Japanese war and not taking their responsibilities
for the nation. With regard to above-mentioned tendency, the government is
supposed to give guidance timely. The whole medical education must be
readjusted to meet the needs of the war.

In December
1938, Yan Fuqin published “the wartime medical
educational problem”in “Chinese medicine journal”. He summarized some problems
in wartime medical education. Yan Fu-qing pointed out that during the wartime,
medical colleges and universities should do well in both peace time work and
wartime work, neither can be ignored. “On the one hand, medical schools
should retain medical talents for the need of the front and the rear, rather
than avoid responsibilities. On the other hand, medical schools must try every
possible method to retain the talents, students and equipment, in order to
restore the original basis after the end of the war. With great importance, these
two kinds of work should be given detailed consideration and great attention.
If we attend to one sector and lose another, the whole mission cannot be
carried out. The sole aim of integrating the medical
education during the wartime for the government is to achieve the most
efficient teaching with the least expense, manpower and equipment.

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