青岛大学808英语综合考研真题及辅导用书

考研真题

1. 青岛大学外语学院《808英语综合》历年考研真题汇总

2. 全国名校英语语言学考研真题

3. 全国名校英美文学考研真题

考研指导书

1. 胡壮麟《语言学教程》（第5版）笔记和考研真题

2. 胡壮麟《语言学教程》（第5版）配套题库【考研真题精选＋章节题库】

3. George Yule《语言研究》（第4版）配套题库【课后练习＋章节题库（含名校考研真题）＋模拟试题】

青岛大学外语学院《808英语综合》历年考研真题汇总

书籍目录

部分内容

2009年青岛大学808英语综合考研真题

Part One Linguistics
(50 points)

I. There are 10 statements/questions below.
Indicate the right choice in each of them by writing the corresponding letter
(A, B, C or D) in the given space. (10 points)

1．The principal representative of American
descriptive linguistics is _____.

A. M. A. K.
Halliday

B. F. Saussure

C. N. Chomsky

D. L. Bloomfield

2．The function of the sentence “I declare
the 2008 Beijing Olympics open” is _____.

A. informative

B. phatic

C. performative

D. interpersonal

3．The four sounds /z/, /v/, /h/ and /f/ have one feature in common, i.e. they are all _____.

A. fricatives

B. affricates

C. labiodentals

D. alveolars

4．Which of the following is the correct
description of the English sound /b/?

A. voiceless, bilabial,
stop

B. voiced, bilabial,
stop

C. voiceless,
alveolar, stop

D. voiced, alveolar,
stop

5．The morphemes indicating negation such as non-, un-, a-, in-, and
-il are said to be the different forms of the same _____.

A. phoneme

B. lexeme

C. sememe

D. word

6．The immediate constituent analysis can show the _____ nature of a
grammatical construction such as a phrase or clause.

A. hierarchical

B. linear

C. horizontal

D. vertical

7．“Can I borrow your car?” _____ “You have
a car.”

A. entails

B. is synonymous
with

C. agrees with

D. presupposes

8．Y’s utterance in the following
conversation exchange violates the maxim of _____.

X: Where is Tom?

Y: He’s gone to
the cinema with his girl friend. He said so when he left.

A. quality

B. quantity

C. relation

D. manner

9．_____ refers to a marginal language of few lexical items and
straightforward grammatical rules, used as a medium of communication.

A. Lingua franca

B. Creole

C. Pidgin

D. Standard
language

10．A focal point of SLA research has been the nature and development of
L2 learners’ _____.

A. second
language

B. first
language

C. foreign
language

D.
interlanguage

II.
There are 10 items regarding knowledge and comprehension of language phenomena.
Give a brief answer as specifically required by each one. (10 points)

1．Define the following two terms briefly:

1) phonetics

2) phonology

2．It is often the case that learners will subconsciously use their first
language knowledge in learning/acquiring a second language. This phenomenon is
known as language _____.

3．Give the right terms for the grammatical meanings that are
realized by the addition of inflectional affixes in the following words:

1) purify →
purifies

2) teacher →
teacher’s

4．Indicate the kinds of word formation and
the parts of speech in the following examples:

1) friend + ly
→ friendly

2) brain + wash
→ brainwash

5．Indicate the types of lexical changes through which the following words came into being by
giving the right term:

1) SARS

2) tec

3) modem

4) enthuse

6．The following sentences can be used for meanings or purposes
other than their conventional (grammatical) functions. List two unconventional
meanings or purposes for each of them.

1) I can’t
study under noisy circumstances.

2) It’s stuffy
in this room.

7．Underline endocentric constructions from
the following expressions in structuralist terms.

1) very
important issues

2) It depends.

3) behind the
door

4) John and
Mary

8．Each of the following groups exemplifies one common grammatical
category (case, gender, number, concord). Give the right category that
characterizes each group:

1) he, she;
lion, lioness

2) He always
performs his duty well. They always perform their duty well.

3) we, her,
them, your, Smith’s

9．In the Referential Theory proposed by
Ogden and Richards, the relation between a word and a thing it refers to is
mediated by _____.

10．The following words are considered
instances of sexist language. Find alternatives to these masculine-marked words.

1) chairman _____

2) statesman
_____

3) forefather
_____

4) mankind
_____

III. Answer ONE of the
two essay questions below with at least 300 words. (30 points)

1．The recursive nature of language provides a theoretical basis for
the creativity of language. Comment on this argument with supportive examples
of at least three different kinds.

2．‘Meaning’ is the focus of study in both semantics and pragmatics.
Discuss the differences in the interpretation of meaning between the two
branches of linguistics using examples to support your argumentation.

Part Two Translation (50 points)

I. Translate the
following into English (25 points)

你看见笋的成长吗？你看见过被压在瓦砾和石块下面的一颗小草的生成吗？它为着向往阳光，为着达成它的生之意志，不管上面的石块如何重，石块与石块之间如何狭，它必定要曲曲折折地、但是顽强不屈地透到地面上来，它的根往土壤钻，它的芽往地面挺，这是一种不可抗的力，阻止它的石块，结果也被它掀翻，一粒种子的力量的大，如此如此。

没有一个人将小草叫做“大力士”，但是它的力量之大，的确是世界无比。这种力，是一般人看不见的生命力，只要生命存在，这种力就要显现，上面的石块，丝毫不足以阻挡，因为它是一种“长期抗战”的力，有弹性，能屈能伸的力，有韧性，不达目的不止的力。

II. Translate the
following into Chinese (25 points)

Hemingway once
wrote that courage is grace under pressure. But I would rather think with the
18^th-century Italian dramatist, Vittorio Alfieri（维多利奥·阿尔菲利）, that “often the
test of courage is not to die but to live.” For living with cancer engenders
more than pressure; it begets terror. To live with is, to face up to it—that’s courage.

Hope is our
effective “drug” in treating cancer. There is almost no cancer (at any stage)
that cannot be treated. By instilling hope in a patient, we can help develop a
positive, combative attitude to his disease. Illogical, unproven? Perhaps. But
many doctors believe that this must become a part of cancer therapy if the
therapy is to be effective.

I have had the
joy of two beautiful and wonderful wives, the happiness of parenthood and the
love of eight children. My work was constantly challenging and fulfilling. I
have always loved music and books, ballet and the theater. I was addicted to
fitness, tennis golf, hunting and fishing. Good food and wine graced my table.
My home was a warm and happy place.

But when I
became aware of my imminent mortality, my attitudes changed. There was real
meaning to the words, “This is the first day of the rest of your life.” There
was a heightened awareness of each sunny day, the beauty of flowers, and the
song of a bird. How often do we reflect on the joy of breathing easily, of
swallowing without effort and discomfort, of walking without pain, of a
complete and peaceful night’s sleep?

Part Three  Culture
(50 points)

I. Decide whether the
following statements are true (T) or false (F) (5 points)

1．Today, the United States has two major political parties. One is
the Democratic Party, formed before 1800. The other is the Republican Party,
formed in the 1850s, by people in the states of the North and West. _____

2．In America, scientific and economic advance and rising material
progress have been accompanied by a decline in a religious observance. _____

3．Rip Van Winckle was a character created
by James Fenimore Cooper. _____

4．Scotland was never conquered by the
Romans. _____

5．Beowolf was a sea monster killed by a
Swedish warrior. _____

II. Choose the answer
that best completes the statement or answers the question (15 points)

1．Which of the following books is written
by Geoffrey Chaucer?

A. The
Canterbury Tales

B. Beowulf

C. King Lear

D. Morte
D’Arthur

2．Which literary form flourished in
Elizabethan age more than any other form of literature?

A. Novel

B. Essay

C. Drama

D. Poetry

3．Which of the following is NOT true about
football in Britain?

A. Millions of
people attend the FA games each season.

B. “Football
hooligans” sometimes have violent clashes.

C. It was
invented by the Scottish people.

D. It was once
described as “beastly” violent.

4．Which of the following can NOT be found
in London?

A. Teahouse

B. Art galleries

C. Museums

D. Theatres

5．In the aerospace industry, which two
countries are ahead of Britain?

A. The US and
Germany

B. The US and
Russia

C. Germany and
Russia

D. France and
Russia

6．Which of the following is NOT a power of
the president in the US?

A. The president
can vote any bill passed by Congress.

B. The president
has the authority to appoint federal judges when vacancies occur.

C. The president
can make laws.

D. The president has broad powers , with the executives branch, to
issue regulations and directives regarding the work of the federal departments.

7．Mark Twin’s works are characterized by
the following except _____.

A. sense of
humor

B. egotism

C. jokes

D. tall tales

8．Three of the following universities have
large endowments from wealthy benefactors. Which is the exception?

A. Harvard
University

B. the State
University of New York

C. Yale
University

D. Princeton
University

9．When did President Nixon make a trip to
China to improve relations with China?

A. In 1972

B. In 1973

C. In 1970

D. In 1974

10．Niagara Falls is located in the State
of ______.

A. New York

B. Virginia

C. North
Carolina

D. South
Carolina

III. Tell what you know
about the following in your own words (30 points)

1．Sept. 11 terrorist attack

2．Mark Twain

3．The Lost Generation

4．The BBC

5．Modernism

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