电子科技大学211翻译硕士英语考研真题及辅导用书

考研真题

1. 电子科技大学外国语学院《211翻译硕士英语》[专业硕士]历年考研真题

2. 2026年翻译硕士《211翻译硕士英语》考研真题与模拟题

考研指导书

1. 张汉熙《高级英语（1）》（第3版重排版）学习指南【词汇短语＋课文精解＋全文翻译＋练习答案】

2. 张汉熙《高级英语（2）》（第3版重排版）学习指南【词汇短语＋课文精解＋全文翻译＋练习答案】

电子科技大学外国语学院《211翻译硕士英语》[专业硕士]历年考研真题AI讲解

书籍目录

部分内容

2011年电子科技大学211翻译硕士英语考研真题及详解

I.  Structure and Vocabulary (30%)

Part A: Choose the best one from
the four choices marked A, B, C and D to fill in each blank and complete the
sentences.

1 Owing to its
always _____ with other elements, aluminum is never found free in nature.

A. having
combined

B. combined

C. being
combined

D. to combine

【答案】C

【解析】句意：铝通常与其它元素共存，故而在自然界中找不到游离态的铝。its为形容词性物主代词，后接名词，排除B、D，aluminum是无生命物质，一般不用主动，故选C。

2 There are
four departments in this college, _____.

A. each having
more than one hundred teachers

B. each of the
departments has more than one hundred teachers

C. each of which
having more than one hundred teachers

D. which each
has more than one hundred teachers

【答案】A

【解析】句意：该学院有四个系，每个系老师过百。注意到该题使用逗号将两个句子隔开，所以空格处应当填一个从句，B选项是一个句子，故排除。each可以做代词，而which是连接代词，故有each不用which，排除C、D，从句没有连接代词应用动词的动名词形式表示从属关系，选A。

3 I should like
very much to have attended the birthday party, but _____.

A. I had not
been invited

B. I am not
invited

C. I was not
invited

D. I am not
being invited

【答案】C

【解析】句意：我本十分愿意参加生日宴会，但是没人邀请我。本句是I’d like to 和虚拟句should have
done的结合，should have done是对过去事实相反的虚拟，故后面一句应用一般过去时，选C。

4 _____, John
Glem was a pioneer in the U.S. space program.

A. Despite the
first American who orbited the earth

B. That the
first American orbited the earth

C. The first
American to orbit the earth

D. He was the
first American to orbit the earth

【答案】C

【解析】句意：作为第一个绕地球飞行的人，John Glem是美国空间计划的领军人物。这四个选项都是对John Glem的描述，并且该题需要一个从句，B选项从句不完整，D选项是一个句子。主从句没有转折关系，A错误，故选C。

5 Have you ever
been in a situation _____ you know the other person is right yet you cannot
agree with him?

A. by which

B. that

C. in where

D. where

【答案】D

【解析】句意：你曾经到过这样一种境地吗，这种境地就是你明知另外一个人是对的你却无法认同他？括号后的从句主谓宾完整，缺乏状语，当缺乏状语时situation后接where是固定用法，故选D。

6 I _____ with
thanks the help of my classmates in the preparation of this new plan.

A. admit

B. acknowledge

C. pledge

D. admire

【答案】B

【解析】句意：我十分感激我的同学们，他们在这项新计划实施的准备过程中给予了我帮助。本题考查固定搭配。acknowledge with thanks是固定搭配，表示“感谢”，故选B。pledge和admire都是及物动词，直接加名词。admit doing sth.意为“承认做某事”。

7 The forecast
predicted _____ weather with snow, sunshine, wind and that is just what we have
had.

A. various

B. variable

C. fluctuating

D. varied

【答案】B

【解析】句意：天气预报预计天气会下雪、放晴、起风，不停变化，正是我们现在天气的写照。本题考查形容词词义辨析。variable意为“易变的，反复无常的”，指自然现象(如气候等)或人的情绪、脾气、性格多变的或反复无常的，如variable character，与题意相符，故选B。various意为“各种各样的，多方面的”，通常指种类、类别的数量，如various colors，various作定语时，其后只能接复数名词。varied与various类似，但过去分词形式含有已完成的意味，即“改变了的，更改了的”意思，不与天气搭配。fluctuating上下浮动的。

8 To our
delight, there were still some tickets _____ for Sunday’s football match.

A. available

B. reliable

C. valid

D. possible

【答案】A

【解析】句意：令我们高兴的是，周末足球比赛入场券仍在售卖。本题考查形容词词义辨析。Available表示“可得到的”，符合句意，故选A。reliable可信赖的。valid有效的。possible可能的。

9 The problems
requiring immediate solution will be given _____ at the meeting.

A. urgency

B. priority

C. superiority

D. emergency

【答案】B

【解析】句意：需要立刻解决的问题将会在大会中优先提出。本题考查名词词义辨析和固定搭配。Give priority为固定搭配，表示“优先”，符合句意，故选B。urgency紧急情况。Superiority优越性；优势。emergency突发事件；应急的。

10 In most
cases politicians are _____ as they seldom tell the truth.

A. credible

B. incredible

C. ridiculous

D. credulous

【答案】B

【解析】句意：大多数情况下政客都不可信，因为他们几乎不说真话。本题考查形容词词义辨析。incredible表示“不可信”，符合句意，故选B。credible可信的。ridiculous荒谬的。credulous轻信的；易受骗的。

Part B: Choose the best one from
the four choices marked A, B, C and D to fill in each blank and complete the
passage.

Europe’s world
status had drastically changed. Its 11nations, once great powers, were dwindled—politically and militarily
by the United States and the Soviet Union, 12by them and by India and China, economically
by the United States, Japan, and 13 new economic powers that might14. Europe’s empires had been widely separate;
and yet, like the rest of the world’s rich Northern Hemisphere, it could not 15 the poor and hungry
millions in the South. All the more reason, 16, for European countries to come together—not
merely to hold their own political and economic superpowers but also to 17 their power to meet their
wider responsibilities in the world.

20th century
Europe had witnessed and 18 extraordinarily rapid technological changes. Computers, industrial
robots, and genetic engineering are only its most 19 recent examples. The
splitting of the atom had 20 magnified humanity’s power to destroy itself. Jet aircraft, space
travel, and electronic telecommunications had revolutionized the sense of 21 and scale. Radio and television,
still 22 the cinema, had become
truly “mass media”, with satellites giving all broadcasts global23.

24economic progress had not kept pace with technology; in a world of
potential 25 and well-being, there were still both poverty and pollution.
Political progress had been 26 still. International cooperation was increasing, but the basic
political unit remained the nation-state. That 27 from an age when the
fastest means of travel have been a galloping horse. This was 28 the founders of the EC, as
Monnet said, were not concerned to make coalition of states 29 to unite people. A united
Europe along these lines, with 30 rules and democratic institutions, was in his eyes a pilot plant
for a united world.

11 A. separate

B. single

C. individual

D. isolated

12 A.
physically

B. commercially

C. financially

D. numerically

13 A. any

B. some

C. many

D. each

14 A,
demonstrate

B. emerge

C. present

D. display

15 A. show off

B. shrug off

C. send off

D. ward off

16 A. however

B. nevertheless

C. therefore

D. meanwhile

17 A. maximize

B. enlarge

C. expand

D. extend

18 A. shared in

B. taken in

C. dealt in

D. resulted in

19 A. serious

B. severe

C. fatal

D. obvious

20 A.
fundamentally

B. vastly

C. completely

D. thoroughly

21 A. span

B. location

C. measurement　

D. distance

22 A. more than

B. rather than

C. other than

D. sooner than

23 A. scope

B. territory

C. range

D. context

24 A. So

B. While

C. But

D. Thus

25 A. scarcity

B. shortage

C. surplus

D. plenty

26 A. slower

B. faster

C. steadier

D. sounder

27 A. differed

B. descended

C. dated

D. detached

28 A. how

B. why

C. what

D. where

29 A. instead
of

B. but

C. and

D. than

30 A. common

B. regular

C. average

D. mean

【答案与解析】

11 C  欧洲大陆上有多个国家，国与国之间紧密相连。individual强调独立的个体，而single强调单个，只有一个，individual更符合题意，故选C。separate分离。isolated孤立的。

12 D  欧洲大陆的国家在人数上与中国和印度相比有所减少。可以看出完型所描述时间苏联还在，那时中国和印度的经济绝对不会比欧洲强，故排除B、C。numerically数量上的，符合句意，故选D。physically身体上的；实际上。

13 A  句意为“欧洲国家在经济上相比于美国、日本和任何可能新兴的国家相比有所下滑。”any表“任何”用于肯定句中表强调，符合句意，故选A。many和some用于肯定句中，表示一些。each每个。

14 B  句意：“欧洲国家在经济上相比于美国、日本和任何可能新兴的国家相比有所下滑。”emerge表示“出现，新兴”，符合句意，故选B。demonstrate证明。present提出；在场的。display显示；表现。

15 B  根据第一段最后一句得出欧洲要担起全球责任，说明他不会不管南半球的穷苦大众。shrug off表示“不理”，符合题意，故选B。show off炫耀。send off寄出；送别。ward off防止；避开。

16 C  all
the more reason表示更加，表递进关系，A、B为转折关系，D为并列关系，都不符合题意，故排除，选C。

17 A  前文已经提到欧洲帝国势力遍布全球，不需要再扩张了，而需要充分利用，只有A选项有充分利用的意思，故选A。enlarge扩大。expand扩张。extend扩展；延伸。

18 A  句意为“20世纪欧洲参与并见证了科技上一系列杰出的进展与改变。”share in分享；参与，符合句意，故选A。take
in理解；接受。deal in经营。result in导致。

19 D  句意为“电脑，工业机器人以及基因工程只是其中最典型最新近的例子”，obvious表示“明显的”，符合句意，故选D。serious严重的；认真的。severe严重的；苛刻的。fatal致命的；决定性的。

20 B 
fundamental强调根基性，原文强调改变，故排除A选项。C、D选项过于绝对，故排除，选B。

21 D  飞机、太空漫游、电子通讯都是缩短了人们对空间的感知，distance表示“一段距离”，而location只表示一个点，故distance更符合句意，故选D。span（桥或拱的）间距；持续时间。measurement测量。

22 A  根据mass media得出该题强调数量，故选A。rather than而不是。other than除了。sooner than比…快。

23 C  本题主要辨析scope和range的区别。scope强调理解等抽象活动范围，而range强调具体活动范围，故range符合题意，选C。territory领土；（个人、群体、动物等占据的）管区。context语境；背景。

24 C  根据上文谈的科技发展而下文强调贫穷和污染来看，此处应填转折连词，故选C。

25 D  该选项与well-being并列，可知应填与well-being词义相似的词。well-being表示幸福，排除A、B。surplus表示“剩余，盈余”而plenty表示“充裕，富裕”更符合句意，故选D。

26 A  后一句是本题解题的关键。后一句提到尽管国际合作不断增加，基本的政治单元还是停留在单一民族国家层面。因此政治的发展并不快，也没有信息表示政治发展很稳定，故选A。

27 B  本题要弄清楚that指代什么。that指代“基本的政治单元还是停留在单一民族国家层面”这一事实，根据“最快的通讯方式是通过快马”看出，an age when the fastest means
of travel have been a galloping horse这句话是对that的解释，只有descend from表示“起源于”，date from一般用一般现在时，不用过去时态，故选B。differ
from与…不同。detach from与…分离。

28 B  本题承接27题而来。this指代前面这句话，继续作出解释，故选B。

29 B 
not…but为固定搭配，故选B。

30 A 
common rules共同规范，固定搭配，故选A。

II.  Reading (40%)

Read the
following passages and answer the questions or complete the sentences below by
choosing the best one from the four choice marked A. B. C or D.

Passage 1

Traditionally,
the study of history has had fixed boundaries and focal points—periods,
countries, dramatic events, and great leaders. It also has had clear and firm
notions of scholar procedure: how one inquires into a historical problem, how
one presents and documents one’s findings, what constitutes admissible and
adequate proof.

Anyone who has
followed recent historical literature can testify to the revolution that is
taking place in historical studies. The currently fashionable subjects come
directly from the sociology catalog: childhood, work, leisure. The new subjects
are accompanied by new methods. Where history once was primarily narrative, it is
now entirely analytic. The old questions “What happened?” and “How did it
happen?” have given way to the question “Why did it happen?” Prominent among
the methods used to answer the question “Why” is psychoanalysis, and its use
has given rise to psychohistory. Psychohistory does not merely use
psychological explanations in historical contexts.

Historians have
always used such explanations when they were appropriate and when there was
sufficient evidence for them. But this pragmatic use of psychology is not what
psycho-historians intend. They are committed, not just to psychology in
general, but to Freudian psychoanalysis. This commitment precludes a commitment
to history as historians have always understood it. Psychohistory derives its
“facts” not from history, the detailed records of events and their
consequences, but from psychoanalysis of the individuals who made history, and
deduces its theories not from this or that instance in their lives, but from a
view of human nature that transcends history. It denies the basic criterion of
historical evidence: that evidence be publicly accessible to, and therefore
assessable by, all historians. And it violates the basic tenet of historical
method: that historians be alert to the negative instances that would refute
their theses. Psycho-historians, convinced of the absolute rightness of their
own theories, are also convinced that theirs is the “deepest” explanation of
any event that other explanations fall short of the truth.

Psychohistory is
not content to violate the discipline of history (in the sense of the proper
mode of studying and writing about the past); it also violates the past itself.
It denies to the past an integrity and will of its own, in which people acted
out of a variety of motives and in which events had a multiplicity of causes
and effects. It imposes upon the present, thus robbing people and events of
their individuality and of their complexity. Instead of respecting the
particularity of the past, it assimilates all events, past and present, into
single deterministic schema that is presumed to be true at all times and in all
circumstances.

31 Which of the
following best states the main point of the passage?

A. The approach
of psycho-historians to historical study is currently in vogue even though it
lacks the rigor and verifiability of traditional historical method

B. Traditional
historians can benefit from studying the techniques and findings of
psycho-historians

C. Areas of
sociological study such as childhood and work are of little interest to traditional
historians

D. The
psychological assessment of an individual’s behavior and attitudes is more
informative than the details of his or her daily life

32 It can be
inferred from the passage that one way in which traditional history can be
distinguished from psychohistory is that traditional history usually _____.

A. views past
events as complex and having their own individuality

B. relies on a
Single interpretation of human behavior to explain historical events

C. interprets
historical events in such a way that their specific nature is transcended

D. turns to
psychological explanations in historical contexts to account for events

33 It can be
inferred from the passage that the methods used by psycho-historians probably
prevent them from _____.

A. presenting
their material in chronological order

B. producing a
one-sided picture of an individual’s personality and motivations

C. uncovering
alternative explanations that might cause them to question their own
conclusions

D. offering a
consistent interpretation of the impact of personality on historical events

34 In
presenting her analysis, the author does all of the following EXCEPT _____.

A. make general
statement without reference to specific examples

B. describe some
of the criteria employed by traditional historians

C. question the
adequacy of the psycho-historians’ interpretation of events

D. point out
inconsistencies in the psycho-historians’ application of their methods

【答案与解析】

31 A  这是一道中心主旨题。从第二段开始出现全文的主要谈论内容，第二段的最后一句出现了全文所谈论的中心“psychohistory”，在第二段中谈到了“psychohistory”的流行性，在第二段和第三段中作者谈到了“psychohistory”缺乏历史科学研究的“严密性和可考证性”。由此分析可见本题的正确选项应该是包含“psychohistory”和“history”概念的选项A。考生在解题时要善于首先捕捉全文的中心主旨句，并通过阅读和理解去把握原文所表达的思想。

32 A  注意题目考查的是传统历史学。根据最后一段第二句话和最后一句话可以得出心理历史学否认过去人类行为和动机的多样性以及因果的复杂性。心理历史学是与传统历史学相对而言，故选A。

33 C  本题考查理解概括能力。本文第三段提出心理历史学考察的角度不是从有记录的史实出发而是从人类本性层面出发。因此每个心理历史学家都认为自己的理论是最正确的。故选C。

34 D  本题为反向选择题，且需要注意对象是作者的写法。观察全文，A、B、C都有涉及，文中并没有提到心里历史学家应用的不一致性，故选D。

Passage 2

A Suitably
Massive Middlemarch

E. M.
Foster–whose own novels have proved good meat for those who re-cook old novels
into TV miniseries and Hollywood winners-once wrote that “it is on her
massiveness that George Eliot depends-she has no nicety of style.”

There is a
degree of truth in the comment-its first part, anyway. Middlemarch, long
considered this English Victorian novelist’s masterpiece, is certainly no
miniature.

When the BBC’s
suitably massive television adaptation of Middlemarch was aired in Britain, it
became compulsive viewing for millions and more than 105, 000 of them went out
and bought the book (others of us already owned it and lifted it off the shelf).

It is one of the
fascinations of television that, while it is more than ever held responsible
for luring the world into illiteracy, it can also powerfully attract viewers to
buy and even (who knows?) to read some of the great classics.

Whoever reads
the book after seeing the series will find it virtually impossible not to see
the characters in his or her mind’s eye exactly as the cast of actors portrays
them. But half the fun of comparing the inevitably leaner TV version-cut,
edited, and sometimes re-arranged-with the steady unfolding of the original
novel is in assessing the pluses and minuses of turning written pages Into
screen Images.

In the opinion
of those who know, Eliot was a potentially first-rate TV writer. In a BBC
documentary about the making of the series, Andrew Davies, Who wrote the
screenplay, said he thought George Eliot (or Mary Ann Evans, to use her real
name) “had all the elements that you would look for now if you were looking for
a very strong drama serial, I mean, she could go along and sell… to any TV
network now… just update it a little bit.

In practice,
Davies’s screenplay does not “update” the novel jarringly (OK, characters kiss
on screen where they only held hands in the book, but who’s fussing?) and even
frequently quotes Eliot’s dialog almost verbatim.

Mr. Davies, in
the same documentary, also mentions one difficulty in handing over a classic
novel to actors: “They’ve all got their copies” of the original, he says, and
often ask why their particular character’s most “wonderful bits” have been
denied them. These appeals must be resisted, Davies says, because they likely
will conflict with the attempt to “distill the essence of the book”.

On the other
hand, actors with a sensitive feel for the inner life of their character (as
almost all have in this series) can flesh out or redeem what might be only
hinted at in the screenplay.

The television
version accords Middlemarch, the community, with all its gossip and prejudice,
goodness and despair, and corruption and innocence, the role of chief
protagonist. It suggests the feel of the place with marvelous conviction,
through scrupulous attention to details of the period, of building and prop and
costume, but also because of the leisurely pace at which the story develops.
The whole thing is done with taste and style.

35 The first
paragraph suggests that E. M. Forster’s novels are _____.

A. often adapted
for film

B. seldom
translated into other mediums

C. rarely
converted for TV

D. frequently
revised for publication

36 In the
writer’s opinion, casting of the BBC’s Middlemarch was _____.

A. peculiar

B. appropriate

C. idiosyncratic

D. strange

37 The TV
version of Middlemarch was _____.

A. required
viewing in British schools

B. a faithful
reproduction of the entire novel

C. lengthy but
true to the book’s content

D. a crudely
modern adaptation

38 Andrew
Davies implies that Eliot’s writing is _____.

A. well suited
for contemporary audiences

B. difficult for
most actors to understand

C. too prosaic
and bland for TV

D. needs
substantial reworking for TV

39 The town of
Middlemarch was _____.

A. impossible to
recreate on TV

B. central to
the plot of the novel

C. an ideal
place in which to live

D. a harmonious
and quiet village

【答案与解析】

35 A  第一段第一句话破折号中的内容是对E. M. Forster小说的介绍。他的小说被改编成电视剧和电影，并取得了成功。故选A。

36 B  根据第三段第一句话suitably和it became compulsive viewing…可以看出作者是支持Middlemarch改编成电视剧的，A、C、D均为贬义词，表示“怪异的”，故选B。

37 C  根据第三段massive television
adaptation of Middlemarch以及第五段第一句话“观众们认为在现实生活中不可能看到的角色在电视剧中刚好呈现出来”表明米德镇的春天电视版长但符合原文内容。

38 A 
Andrew Davies根据第六段对艾略特的小说的评价had all the elements that you would look for now得出他的小说适合当代读者阅览。

39 B  最后一段第一句中用同位语the community解释了Middlemarch，正是在这个小镇上，酸甜苦辣得以一幕幕上演，故而小镇是全文的中心。

Passage 3

Cooperative
competition. Competitive cooperation. Confused? Airline alliances have
travelers scratching their heads over what’s going on in the skies. Some folks
view alliances as a blessing to travelers, offering seamless travel, reduced
fares and enhanced frequent-flyer benefits. Others see a conspiracy of big
businesses, causing decreased competition, increased fares and fewer choices.
Whatever your opinion, there’s no escaping airline alliances: the marketing
hype is unrelenting, with each of the two mega-groupings, One world and Star
Alliance, promoting itself as the best choice for all travelers. And, even if
you turn away from their ads, chances are they will figure in any of your
travel plans.

By the end of
the year, one world and Star Alliance will between them control more than 40%
of the traffic in the sky. Some pundits predict that figure will be more like
75% in 10 years.

But why, after
years of often ferocious competition, have airlines decided to band together?
Let’s just say the timing is mutually convenient. North American airlines,
having exhausted all means of earning customer loyalty at home, have been
looking for ways to reach out to foreign flyers. Asian carriers are still
hurting from the region-wide economic downturn that began two years ago-just
when some of the airlines were taking delivery of new aircraft. Alliances also
allow carriers to cut costs and increase profits by pooling manpower resources
on the ground (rather than each airline maintaining its own ground crew) and code-sharing-the
practice of two partners selling tickets and operating only one aircraft.

So alliances are
terrific for airlines but are they good for the passenger? Absolutely, say the
airlines: think of the lounges, the joint FFP (frequent flyer program) benefits,
the round-the-world fares, and the global service networks. Then there’s the
promise of “seamless” travel: the ability to, say, travel from Singapore to
Rome to New York to Rio de Janeiro, all on one ticket, without having to wait
hours for connections or worry about your bags. Sounds utopian? Peter Buecking,
Cathay Pacific’s director of sales and marketing, thinks that seamless travel
is still evolving. “It’s fair to say that these links are only in their
infancy. The key to seamlessness rests in infrastructure and information
sharing. We’re working on this.” Henry Ma, spokesperson for Star Alliance in
Hong Kong, lists some of the other benefits for consumers: “Global travelers
have an easier time making connections and planning their itineraries.” Ma
claims alliances also assure passengers consistent service standards.

Critics of
alliances say the much-touted benefits to the consumer are mostly pie in the
sky, that alliances are all about reducing costs for the airlines,
rationalizing services and running joint marketing programs. Jeff Blyskal,
associate editor of Consumer Reports magazine, says the promotional ballyhoo
over alliances is much ado about nothing. “I don’t see much of a gain for
consumers: alliances are just a marketing gimmick. And as far as seamless
travel goes, I’ll believe it when I see it. Most airlines can’t even get their
own connections under control, let alone coordinate with another airline.”

Blyskal believes
alliances will ultimately result in decreased flight choices and increased
costs for consumers. Instead of two airlines competing and each operating a
flight on the same route at 70% capacity, the allied pair will share the route
and run one full flight. Since fewer seats will be available, passengers will
be obliged to pay more for tickets.

The truth about
alliances and their merits probably lies somewhere between the travel utopia
presented by the players and the evil empires portrayed by their critics. And
how much they affect you depends on what kind of traveler you are.

Those who’ve
already made the elite grade in the FFP of a major airline stand to benefit the
most when it joins an alliance: then they enjoy the FFP perks and advantages on
any and all of the member carriers. For example, if you’re a Marco Polo Club “gold”
member of Cathay Pacific s Asia Miles FFP, you will automatically be treated as
a valuable customer by all members of One world, of which Cathay Pacific is a
member-even if you’ve never flown with them before.

For those who
haven’t made the top grade in any FFP, alliances might be a way of simplifying
the earning of frequent flyer miles. For example, I belong to United Airline’s
Mileage Plus and generally fly less than 25,000 miles a year. But I earn miles
with every flight I take on Star Alliance member-All Nippon Airways and Thai
Airways.

If you fly less
than I do, you might be smarter to stay out of the FFP game altogether. Hunt
for bargains when booking flights and you might be able to save enough to take
that extra trip anyway. The only real benefit infrequent flyers can draw from
an alliance is an inexpensive round-the-world fare.

The bottom line:
for all the marketing hype, alliances aren’t all things to all people-but
everybody can get some benefit out of them.

40 Which is the
best word to describe air travelers’ reaction to airline alliances?

A. Delight

B. Indifference

C. Objection

D. Puzzlement

41 According to
the passage, setting up airline alliances will chiefly benefit _____.

A. North
American airlines and their domestic travelers

B. North
American airlines and their foreign counterparts

C. Asian
airlines and their foreign travelers

D. Asian
airlines and their domestic travelers

42 Which of the
following is NOT a perceived advantage of alliances?

A. Baggage
allowance

B. Passenger
Comfort

C. Convenience

D. Quality

【答案与解析】

40 D  本题为词汇理解题。需要理解第一句话scratching
their heads的含义。scratching
their heads意为“费解，使人疑惑”，可以得出顾客很疑惑，故选D。

41 B  根据第三段整段和第四段第一句话可以看出airline
alliances对航空公司是有利的，但从之后的几段可以看出，对于顾客来说利弊皆有，故B选项最符合文章内容。

42 B  本题为细节题。第四段指出airline alliances的优势在于顾客到处飞只需一张机票，不需要等待行李，故A、C选项正确。D是对最后一句话assure passengers consistent service standards.的概括。文中并没有提到顾客是否舒适，故选B。

Passage 4

Petroleum
products, such as gasoline, kerosene, home heating oil, residual fuel oil, and
lubricating oils, come from one source-crude oil found below the earth’s
surface, as well as under large bodies of water, from a few hundred feet below
the surface to as deep as 25,000 feet into the earth’s interior. Sometimes
crude oil is secured by drilling a hole through the earth, but more dry holes
are drilled than those producing oil. Pressure at the source or pumping forces
crude oil to the surface. Crude oil wells flow at varying rates, from ten to
thousands of barrels per hour. Petroleum products are always measured 42-gallon
barrels.

Petroleum
products vary greatly in physical appearance: thin, thick, transparent or
opaque, but regardless, their chemical composition is made up of two elements:
carbon and hydrogen, which form compounds called hydrocarbons. Other chemical
elements found in union with the hydrocarbons are few and are classified as
impurities. Trace elements are also found, but these are of such minute
quantifies that they are disregarded. The combination of carbon and hydrogen
forms many thousands of compounds which are possible because of the various
positions and joining of these two atoms in the hydrocarbon molecule.

The various
petroleum products are refined from the crude oil by heating and condensing the
vapors. These products are the so-called light oils, such as gasoline,
kerosene, and distillate oil. The residue remaining after the light oils are
distilled is known as heavy or residual fuel oil and is used mostly for burning
under boilers. Additional complicated terming processes rear-range the chemical
structure of the hydrocarbons to produce other products, some of which are used
to upgrade and increase the octane rating of various types of gasoline.

43 Many
thousands of hydrocarbon compounds are possible because _____.

A. the petroleum
products vary greatly in physical appearance

B. complicated
refining processes rearrange the chemical structure

C. the two atoms
in the molecule assume many positions

D. the pressure
needed to force it to the surface causes molecular transformation

44 Which of the
following is true?

A. The various
petroleum products are produced by filtration

B. Heating and
condensation produce the various products

C. Chemical
separation is used to produce the various products

D. Mechanical
means such as the centrifuge are used to produce the various products

45 How is crude
oil brought to the surface?

A. Expansion of
the hydrocarbons

B. Pressure and
pumping

C. Vacuum
created in the drilling pipe

D. Expansion and
contraction of the earth’s surface

46 Which of the
following is NOT listed as a light oil?

A. Distillate
oil

B. Gasoline

C. Lubrication
oil

D. Kerosene

【答案与解析】

43 C  本题是第二段最后一句话的转换。最后一句话提出碳和氢结合成成千上万种化合物的原因在于碳氢化合物中这两种原子不同的位置和连接方式，C选项最符合原文，故选C。

44 B  本题旨在找到不同的石油产物是如何产生的。根据最后一段第一句话得出这些产物是通过加热和蒸汽凝结提炼而来。故选B。

45 B  根据第一段Pressure at the source or pumping
forces crude oil to the surface得出B选项正确。

46 C  根据最后一段第二句These products are the
so-called light oils, such as gasoline, kerosene, and distillate oil中没有提到Lubrication oil得出C选项符合题意。

Passage 5

Over the past
century, all kinds of unfairness and discrimination have been condemned or made
illegal. But one insidious form continues to thrive: alphabetism. This, for
those as yet unaware of such a disadvantage, refers to discrimination against
those whose surnames begin with a letter in the lower half of the alphabet.

It has long been
known that a taxi firm called AAAA cars has a big advantage over Zodiac cars
when customers thumb through their phone directories. Less well known is the
advantage that Adam Abbott has in life over Zoe Zysman. English names are
fairly evenly spread between the halves of the alphabet. Yet a suspiciously
large number of top people have surnames beginning with letters between A and
K.

Thus the
American president and vice-president have surnames starting with B and C
respectively; and 26 of George Bush’s predecessors (including his father) had
surnames in the first half of the alphabet against just 16 in the second half.
Even more striking, six of the seven heads of government of the G7 rich
countries are alphabetically advantaged (Berlusconi, Blair, Bush, Chirac,
Chretien and Koizumi). The world’s three top central bankers (Greenspan,
Duisenberg and Hayami) are all close to the top of the alphabet, even if one of
them really uses Japanese characters. As are the world’s five richest men
(Gates, Buffett, Allen, Ellison and Albrecht).

Can this merely
be coincidence? One theory, dreamt up in all the spare time enjoyed by the
alphabetically disadvantaged, is that the lot sets in early. At the start of
the first year in infant school, teachers seat pupils alphabetically from the
front, to make it easier to remember their names. So short-sighted Zysman
junior gets stuck in the back row, and is rarely asked the improving questions
posed by those insensitive teachers. At the time the alphabetically
disadvantaged may think they have had a lucky escape. Yet the result may be
worse qualifications, because they get less individual attention, as well as
less confidence in speaking publicly.

The humiliation
continues. At university graduation ceremonies, the ABCs proudly get their
awards first; by the time they reach the Zysmans most people are literally
having a ZZZ. Shortlists for job interviews, election ballot papers, lists of
conference speakers and attendees: all tend to be drawn up alphabetically, and
their recipients lose interest as they plough through them.

47 What does
the author intend to illustrate with AAAA cars and Zodiac cars?

A. A kind of
overlooked inequality

B. A type of
conspicuous bias

C. A type of
personal prejudice

D. A kind of
brand discrimination

48 What can we
infer from the first three paragraphs?

A. In both East
and West, names are essential to success

B. The alphabet
is to blame for the failure of Zoe Zysman

C. Customers
often pay a lot of attention to companies’ names

D. Some form of
discrimination is too subtle to recognize

49 The 4th
paragraph suggests that _____.

A. questions are
often put to the more intelligent students

B.
alphabetically disadvantaged students often escape from class

C. teachers
should pay attention to all of their students

D. students
should be seated according to their eyesight

50 What does
the author mean by “most people are literally having a ZZZ” (L2, Para. 5)?

A. They are
getting impatient

B. They are
noisily dozing off

C. They are feeling
humiliated

D. They are busy
with word puzzles

【答案与解析】

47 A  本题关键是两个词汇，即insidious（隐藏的）和alphabetism（字母排序歧视），即使不了解这两个词的含义，也可根据第一段最后一句话得出本题答案。

48 D  本题是对原文的推论。第二、三段是对第一段论点的举例说明，第一段大意为insidious alphabetism，细微不引人注意却实实在在对一个人的成功有影响，故选D。

49 C  本题为细节辨析题。第四段指出，坐在后排的同学很少被老师点起来回答问题，却以为他们能逃过老师的提问，加之这些同学中有些视力不行，最终导致学业废弛。综上所述A、B都不对，D是对段落大意的曲解，故选C。

50 B  本题需要发挥联想能力。ZZZ通常表示漫画中人物睡觉时发出的呼呼声。根据句意也可猜出，同学们经过漫长的等待一定是筋疲力尽，故选B。

III.  Writing (30%)

Direction:
Nowadays with the development of economy, existing cities are growing bigger
and new cities are appearing. What do you think is one of the major problems
that may result from this process of urbanization? Write an essay of about 300
words on the topic given below.

【参考范文】

A Major Problem Resulted From Urbanization

It is
acknowledged that urbanization is indispensible to make China a civilized and
modern socialist country. Urbanization aims to improve people’s life,
especially rural people’s life. It not only introduces roads and rails to
connect remote village with big cities to give villagers more opportunity to
earn their life but also establishes schools to reduce illiteracy. However, the
over-rapid development of urbanization results in some problems, among which
the increasing loss of arable land is of our major concern.

Due to
urbanization, the industry of real estate has bulged. Desire devours land
regardless of the optimization of resources. There are even many apartments
where actually no one lives. Nevertheless, land for businessmen means profit
more than health and food. Thus they continue to turn to the farmland. Besides,
industrialization is also a threat to arable land. The problem is that the
speed of rural people’s learning new skills is far lower than the shrink of the
arable land. As a result, thousands of farmers become surplus laborers, which
is just the other way round of the goal of urbanization.

Another problem
lies in the fact that the loss of arable land and the increase of industrial
land and settlements also influences the environment much. It is well-known
that soil can absorb rain while cement cannot. When the rain pours out, it is
easier now to have a flood, causing thousands of potential loss of property.
What’s more, some industries bury harmful amounts into lands which later become
hospital or school. These lands can easily cause cancer. We not only do not use
it properly, but also make it a fatal weapon. Is this our original intention?

In a word,
damage and harm always follows immoderate development, which will change good
thing into evil one. I firmly believe that urbanization can bring us well-being
and better future. However, in the process of the urbanization, we ought to
think over the current situation of urbanization, and then set a proper and
comprehensive plan.

【解析】本题要求围绕城市化的一个主要问题展开作文。范文首先肯定了城市化带来的积极影响，第一段最后一句话点明耕地减少是城市化过程中的突出问题。接着第二段阐述了农村居民学习新技术的速度远远赶不上过于膨胀的城市化的速度，从而导致了农民工失业的问题，与城市化目标适得其反。第三段通过对比进一步强调耕地的减少导致洪水灾祸的增加，隐形造成数以万计的财产损失。最后结尾升华，提出欲望使好事变坏事，并提出解决措施。整篇文章紧紧围绕论点展开论述，通过举例，对比的方式使文章更充实。句式及单词运用多变。

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